11g文件學習1----安裝Oracle軟體

Oracle? Database Quick Installation Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux x86
E24324-05

參考部分：http://blog.csdn.net/rlhua/article/details/23865527

本機器環境：oracle linux 5.4 x32,準備安裝的oracle 11.2.0.3 x32

1 Logging In to the System as root

檢測是否能開啟圖形視窗
2 Checking the Hardware Requirements
2.1 Memory Requirements
The following are the memory requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
    Minimum: 1 GB of RAM
    Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more

    檢視記憶體大小
    # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
    Note:On Linux, the HugePages feature allocates non-swappable memory for large page tables using memory-mapped files. If you enable HugePages, then you should deduct the memory allocated to HugePages from the available RAM before calculating swap space.

交換區大小要求：
Between 1 GB and 2 GB    1.5 times the size of the RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB    Equal to the size of the RAM
More than 16 GB    16 GB
檢視交換區大小命令：
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

自動記憶體管理
Automatic Memory Management
Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm)and file descriptors. The shared memory should be sized to be at least the greater of MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance on that computer.
To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following command:
# df -h /dev/shm/

Note:MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET cannot be used when LOCK_SGA is enabled or with HugePages on Linux.


2.2 Disk Space Requirements
The following are the disk space requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
1 GB of disk space in the /tmp directory.

2.3 System Architecture
To determine if the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:
# uname -m
Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system

2.4 Display Requirements
The minimum resolution for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) is 1024 x 768 or higher.


3 Checking the Software Requirements
3.1 Operating System Requirements
The following or later versions of the operating system are required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
    Asianux Server 3 SP2
    Oracle Linux 4 Update 7
    Oracle Linux 5 Update 2
    Oracle Linux 6
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2
    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

To determine the distribution and version of Linux installed, enter the following command:
# cat /proc/version

3.2 Kernel Requirements
The following are the Kernel requirements for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
    For Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4:
    2.6.9 or later
    For Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5:
    2.6.18 or later
    For Oracle Linux 6:
    2.6.32.100 or later
    For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6:
    2.6.32-71 or later
    For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10:
    2.6.16.21 or later
    On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11:
    2.6.27.19 or later

To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:
# uname -r
The following is a sample output displayed by running this command on an Oracle Linux 5.0 system:
2.6.18-128.el5PAE
In this example, the output shows the kernel version (2.6.18) and errata level (-128.el5PAE) on the system.

If the kernel version does not meet the requirement specified earlier in this section, then contact the operating system vendor for information about obtaining and installing kernel updates.

3.3 Package Requirements
透過yum配置，來快速安裝所需要的軟體包；
安裝系統需要的軟體包，可參考：http://blog.itpub.net/29519108/viewspace-1424101/

(1).建立介質裝載目錄/media/disk:
[root@OL541 media]# mkdir /media/disk
(2).插入OEL DVD光碟
(3).裝載目錄:
[root@OL541 dev]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/disk
(4). 建立yum 配置檔案：
[root@ocm1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@ocm1 yum.repos.d]# vi public-yum-el5.repo
[oel5]
name=Oracle Liunx server 5.4 i386 dvd
baseurl=file:///media/disk/Server/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

(5).安裝oracle-validated軟體包
正式安裝oracle-validated軟體包環境，使用yum install oracle-validated 命令:
使用oracle-validated包來配置oracle搭建所需的系統環境。
這個是oracle linux特有的包，減少大家在搭建oracle時安裝各種系統包，調整系統引數，建使用者和組等。
[root@OL541 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-validated

4 Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users
透過執行 yum install oracle-validated將建立oracle使用者和組oinstall,dba；但是沒有建立oper組；
建立組oper，並將oracle加入組中
[root@OL541 etc]# groupadd oper
[root@OL541 etc]# usermod -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@OL541 etc]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),500(dba),502(oper) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh
更改oracle使用者的密碼
passwd oracle


5 Configuring Kernel Parameters and Resource Limits
檢視/etc/sysctl.conf中是否為下列推薦值：
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

如用yum安裝，則下列引數需修改：
file-max
wmem_max
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range 的最小值

檢視/etc/security/limits.conf
無須修改

修改引數後，執行/sbin/sysctl -p 後重啟電腦；
執行/sbin/sysctl -a 可顯示當前值；

suse系統需要特別操作的：
On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems only, you must enter the GID of the oinstall group as the value for the parameter /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. Doing this grants members of oinstall a group permission to create shared memory segments.
    For example, where the oinstall group GID is 501:
    # echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
    After running this command, use vi to add the following text to /etc/sysctl.conf, and enable the boot.sysctl script to run on system restart:
    vm.hugetlb_shm_group=501
    Note: Only one group can be defined as the vm.hugetlb_shm_group.
    On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems only, enter the following command to cause the system to read the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it restarts:
    # /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
然後執行sysctl -p使參生效，或重啟suse系統。建議重啟系統。


6. Creating Required Directories

# mkdir -p /u01/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/

7 Configuring the oracle User's Environment
    $ su - oracle
    To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:
    $ echo $SHELL
    To run the shell startup script, enter one of the following commands:
        Bash shell:
        $ . ./.bash_profile
        Bourne or Korn shell:
        $ . ./.profile
        C shell:
        % source ./.login

在建立好的.bash_profile中新增使用者環境變數
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=sales


8 Installing Oracle Database

[root@OL541 orasoft]# ll
total 5169296
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     649854 Jan 20 15:05 ora11g linux32  11203 .bmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1337967916 Jan 20 15:10 p10404530_112030_LINUX_1of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1142289834 Jan 20 15:10 p10404530_112030_LINUX_2of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  960703760 Jan 20 15:11 p10404530_112030_LINUX_3of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  647539224 Jan 20 15:05 p10404530_112030_LINUX_4of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  605344648 Jan 20 15:04 p10404530_112030_LINUX_5of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  479785178 Jan 20 15:06 p10404530_112030_LINUX_6of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  113811593 Jan 20 15:05 p10404530_112030_LINUX_7of7.zip

解壓檔案：
unzip p10404530_112030_LINUX_1of7.zip
unzip p10404530_112030_LINUX_2of7.zip
修改解壓後檔案屬主
[root@OL541 orasoft]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /orasoft


切換到oracle使用者，測試是否能出現圖形介面；
執行xclock看能否出現鐘錶圖形；
開始安裝
[oracle@OL541 database]$ ./runInstaller
圖形介面出來，安裝檢測過程應當無報警。