HBase 提供很方便的shell指令碼，可以對資料表進行 CURD 操作，但是畢竟是有一定的學習成本的，基本上對於開發來講，sql 語句都是看家本領，那麼，有沒有一種方法可以把 sql 語句轉換成 hbase的原生API呢？ 這樣就可以通過普通平常的 sql 來對hbase 進行資料的管理，使用成本大大降低。
Apache Phoenix 元件就完成了這種需求，官方註解為 “Phoenix – we put the SQL back in NoSql”，通過官方說明，Phoenix 的效能很高，相對於 hbase 原生的scan 並不會差多少，而對於類似的元件 hive、Impala等，效能有著顯著的提升，詳細請閱讀 https://phoenix.apache.org/performance.html。
Apache Phoenix 官方站點：https://phoenix.apache.org/
Phoenix支援的sql語句： https://phoenix.apache.org/language/index.html
Phoenix 支援的DataTypes：https://phoenix.apache.org/language/datatypes.html
Phoenix 支援的函式：https://phoenix.apache.org/language/functions.html
一、安裝使用
Phoenix 安裝很簡單，下載對應hbase版本的Phoenix，下載地址，以phoenix-4.4.0-HBase-0.98-bin.tar.gz為例，解壓檔案，將phoenix-4.4.0-server.jar 拷貝到hbase安裝目錄的lib下，注意：每臺regionserver均需要拷貝，重啟hbase server即可，官方如下：
- download and expand the latest phoenix-[version]-bin.tar.
- Add the phoenix-[version]-server.jar to the classpath of all HBase region server and master and remove any previous version. An easy way to do this is to copy it into the HBase lib directory (use phoenix-core-[version].jar for Phoenix 3.x)
- restart the region servers
- Add the phoenix-[version]-client.jar to the classpath of any Phoenix client.
- download and setup SQuirrel as your SQL client so you can issue adhoc SQL against your HBase cluster
詳情檢視：Phoenix-in-15-minutes 。
二、shell 命令
通過案例，create 表，插入語句，更新語句，刪除語句案例，詳細可參考：https://phoenix.apache.org/faq.html
Phoenix 連線hbase的命令如下，sqlline.py [zookeeper]：
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[hadoop@slave2 lib]$ ./sqlline.py 10.35.66.72 Setting property: [isolation, TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED] issuing: !connect jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72 none none org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDriver Connecting to jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72 15/06/24 13:06:29 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable Connected to: Phoenix (version 4.2) Driver: PhoenixEmbeddedDriver (version 4.2) Autocommit status: true Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED Building list of tables and columns for tab-completion (set fastconnect to true to skip)... 193/193 (100%) Done Done sqlline version 1.1.2 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72>!tables +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME | TA | +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | null | WL | BIG_LOG_DEVUTRACEID_INDEX | INDEX | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE_V2_OWNERPAGE_INDEX | INDEX | | null | SYSTEM | CATALOG | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | SYSTEM | SEQUENCE | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | SYSTEM | STATS | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | DMO | SOWNTOWN_STATICS | TABLE | | null | OL | BIGLOG | TABLE | | null | WL | BIG_LOG | TABLE | | null | WL | ERROR_LOG | TABLE | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE | TABLE | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE_V2 | TABLE | +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------ |
從上面能夠看到，已經連線到了hbase叢集上面，Phoenix version 4.2，sqlline version 4.2，輸入Phoenix支援的命令！tables可以檢視當前叢集中存在的資料表，能夠看到有些是SYSTEM TABLE，其它的都是自己建立的；
下面通過指令碼來模擬下使用Phoenix建立資料表、修改表、新增資料、修改資料、刪除資料、刪除表等操作：
1、新建一張Person表，含有IDCardNum，Name，Age 三個欄位 ，test 為table_schem ，標準sql如下：
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0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> create table IF NOT EXISTS test.Person (IDCardNum INTEGER not null primary key, Name varchar(20),Age INTEGER); No rows affected (0.344 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> !tables +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME | TA | +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | null | WL | BIG_LOG_DEVUTRACEID_INDEX | INDEX | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE_V2_OWNERPAGE_INDEX | INDEX | | null | SYSTEM | CATALOG | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | SYSTEM | SEQUENCE | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | SYSTEM | STATS | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | DMO | SOWNTOWN_STATICS | TABLE | | null | OL | BIGLOG | TABLE | | null | TEST | PERSON | TABLE | | null | WL | BIG_LOG | TABLE | | null | WL | ERROR_LOG | TABLE | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE | TABLE | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE_V2 | TABLE | +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------+ 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select * from TEST.PERSON; +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+ | IDCARDNUM | NAME | AGE | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+ +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+ |
可以看到，hbase中已經存在資料表 Person了，包含了三列。
2、對錶進行插入操作，sql如下：
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insert into Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age) values (100,'小明',12); insert into Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age) values (101,'小紅',15); insert into Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age) values (103,'小王',22); |
在 Phoenix 中插入的語句為 upsert ，具體如下：
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0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age) values (100,'小明',12); 1 row affected (0.043 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age) values (101,'小紅',15); 1 row affected (0.018 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age) values (103,'小王',22); 1 row affected (0.009 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select * from test.Person; +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+ | IDCARDNUM | NAME | AGE | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+ | 100 | 小明 | 12 | | 101 | 小紅 | 15 | | 103 | 小王 | 22 | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+ 3 rows selected (0.115 seconds) |
從上面可以看到，三條資料已經進入hbase裡面了；好了，現在要對錶新增一列 sex 性別操作，怎麼辦？
3、alter 修改表資料，sql如下：
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ALTER TABLE test.Persion ADD sex varchar(10); |
Phoenix 中操作如下：
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0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> ALTER TABLE test.Person ADD sex varchar(10); No rows affected (0.191 seconds) : jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select * from test.person; +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ | IDCARDNUM | NAME | AGE | SEX | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ | 100 | 小明 | 12 | null | | 101 | 小紅 | 15 | null | | 103 | 小王 | 22 | null | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ 3 rows selected (0.113 seconds) |
上圖看到已經新增了列sex，每行的預設值為 null ，那麼怎麼樣修改這些值呢？
4、 更新表資料 ，標準的sql 如下：
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update test.Person set sex='男' where IDCardNum=100; update test.Person set sex='女' where IDCardNum=101; update test.Person set sex='男' where IDCardNum=103; |
Phoenix中不存在update的語法關鍵字，而是upsert ，功能上替代了Insert+update，官方說明為：
UPSERT VALUES
Inserts if not present and updates otherwise the value in the table. The list of columns is optional and if not present, the values will map to the column in the order they are declared in the schema. The values must evaluate to constants.
根據介紹，只需要在upsert語句中制定存在的idcardnum即可實現更新，在 Phoenix 客戶端中操作如下：
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0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.person (idcardnum,sex) values (100,'男'); 1 row affected (0.083 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.person (idcardnum,sex) values (101,'女'); 1 row affected (0.012 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.person (idcardnum,sex) values (103,'男'); 1 row affected (0.008 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select * from test.person; +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ | IDCARDNUM | NAME | AGE | SEX | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ | 100 | 小明 | 12 | 男 | | 101 | 小紅 | 15 | 女 | | 103 | 小王 | 22 | 男 | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ 3 rows selected (0.087 seconds) |
5、複雜查詢，通過Phoenix可以支援 where、group by、case when 等複雜的查詢條件，案例如下：
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# 現增加幾條資料 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age,sex) values (104,'小張',23,'男'); 1 row affected (0.012 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age,sex) values (105,'小李',28,'男'); 1 row affected (0.015 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> upsert into test.Person (IDCardNum,Name,Age,sex) values (106,'小李',33,'男'); 1 row affected (0.011 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select * from test.person; +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ | IDCARDNUM | NAME | AGE | SEX | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ | 100 | 小明 | 12 | 男 | | 101 | 小紅 | 15 | 女 | | 103 | 小王 | 22 | 男 | | 104 | 小張 | 23 | 男 | | 105 | 小李 | 28 | 男 | | 106 | 小李 | 33 | 男 | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ 6 rows selected (0.09 seconds) |
where + group by 語句例子：
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jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select sex ,count(sex) as num from test.person where age >20 group by sex; +------------+------------------------------------------+ | SEX | NUM | +------------+------------------------------------------+ | 男 | 4 | +------------+------------------------------------------+ |
case when 的例子：
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0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select (case name when '小明' then '明明啊' when '小紅' then '紅紅啊' else name end) as showname from test.person; +------------------------------------------+ | SHOWNAME | +------------------------------------------+ | 明明啊 | | 紅紅啊 | | 小王 | | 小張 | | 小李 | | 小李 | +------------------------------------------+ |
更多支援語法參考：https://phoenix.apache.org/language/index.html
6、刪除資料及刪除表，標準sql如下：
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delete from test.Person where idcardnum=100; drop table test.person; |
Phoenix中同標準sql一樣，案例如下：
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0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> delete from test.Person where idcardnum=100; 1 row affected (0.072 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select * from test.Person where idcardnum=100; +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ | IDCARDNUM | NAME | AGE | SEX | +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ +------------------------------------------+----------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+ 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> drop table test.person; No rows affected (1.799 seconds) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> select * from test.person; Error: ERROR 1012 (42M03): Table undefined. tableName=TEST.PERSON (state=42M03,code=1012) 0: jdbc:phoenix:10.35.66.72> !tables +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME | TA | +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | null | WL | BIG_LOG_DEVUTRACEID_INDEX | INDEX | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE_V2_OWNERPAGE_INDEX | INDEX | | null | SYSTEM | CATALOG | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | SYSTEM | SEQUENCE | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | SYSTEM | STATS | SYSTEM TABLE | | null | DMO | SOWNTOWN_STATICS | TABLE | | null | OL | BIGLOG | TABLE | | null | WL | BIG_LOG | TABLE | | null | WL | ERROR_LOG | TABLE | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE | TABLE | | null | WL | MSGCENTER_PUSHMESSAGE_V2 | TABLE | +------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------+ |
三、圖形化客戶端SQuirrel使用
如果你不喜歡 終端下的指令碼命令，青睞於GUI化的客戶端，那麼 SQuirrel是個好的選擇，就跟平日裡使用 MsSqlServer client、Navicat client 一樣，效果如下圖：
使用方法：（可以參照官網英文說明）
- 下載SQuirrel 客戶端 ，地址 http://squirrel-sql.sourceforge.net/
- 解壓縮，刪除
lib/下老版本的phoenix-[oldversion]-client.jar檔案，將你剛剛下載的Phoenix資料夾下最新的檔案 拷貝過去； - 啟動SQuirrel客戶端，選擇 Drivers-new driver ，名稱隨便，url格式：
jdbc:phoenix:（zk地址），class name textbox 填寫org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDriver - ok， 點選 connect即可完成連線
squirrel 客戶端的用法 和 Phoenix 自帶終端一樣，都是常見的sql語句，大家可以自己搭建練習。
四、 java client api 使用
java api 完全可以採用傳統的 jdbc 連線的形式，案例如官方提供：
建立test.java 類，內容如下：
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import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.Statement; public class test { public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException { Statement stmt = null; ResultSet rset = null; Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:phoenix:[zookeeper]"); stmt = con.createStatement(); stmt.executeUpdate("create table test (mykey integer not null primary key, mycolumn varchar)"); stmt.executeUpdate("upsert into test values (1,'Hello')"); stmt.executeUpdate("upsert into test values (2,'World!')"); con.commit(); PreparedStatement statement = con.prepareStatement("select * from test"); rset = statement.executeQuery(); while (rset.next()) { System.out.println(rset.getString("mycolumn")); } statement.close(); con.close(); } } |
在終端使用javac編譯，通過Phoenix客戶端執行，就能看到結果：
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$ javac test.java $ java -cp "../phoenix-[version]-client.jar:." test # You should get the following output Hello World! |
當然，在生產使用中，往往採用的是 spring mvc + mybaits 的框架來進行訪問的，Phoenix 完全支援這種形式，就像平常寫mysql、SqlServer一樣，對應的jdbc.properties中的驅動修改為 org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDriver 即可，其它的寫法通普通的一樣。