本文主要講述使用fdisk工具對磁碟進行分割槽和格式化的方法
首先要明確分割槽是針對磁碟進行的操做，磁碟分割槽會建立分割槽表，類似vda，sda的是磁碟，vda1，sda1的是分割槽
1.檢視磁碟分割槽狀態
1.1. 檢視分割槽掛載情況
df -h
1.2.檢視伺服器掛載的磁碟
fdisk -l
fdisk -l /dev/vdb
2.磁碟分割槽
2.1.對vdb磁碟進行分割槽
fdisk /dev/vdb
進入互動式的分割槽介面，以下是分割槽操作步驟
m列印選單
n新建分割槽
p選擇主分割槽
e選擇擴充套件分割槽
1選擇分割槽號
選擇初始位置，預設為1
選擇結束為止，預設為磁碟結尾
分割槽建立完成，可以列表檢視，儲存退出
p列印分割槽表
w寫入分割槽表儲存
q退出
2.2.重新載入磁碟分割槽資訊
無返回就是載入磁碟資訊成功，針對磁碟進行操作
partprobe /dev/vdb
注意：
使用fdisk工具只是將分割槽資訊寫到磁碟，
在格式化分割槽值前需要使用partprobe讓kernel重新讀取分割槽資訊，如果不成功則需要重啟系統
2.3.對磁碟分割槽進行格式化
使用ext4檔案系統
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
2.4.格式化完成後續優化配置，取消磁碟自檢
tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1
3.分割槽掛載
3.1.掛載磁碟分割槽到指定目錄
mkdir -p /data mount /dev/vdb1 /data
3.2.配置開機自動掛載分割槽
/etc/fstab 增加一行
vim /etc/fstab ------------------------------------------------------- /dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------
5.例項演示：使用Ubuntu系統進行磁碟分割槽操作
5.1.檢視磁碟分割槽資訊
root@zstest:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 3.2M 1.6G 1% /run /dev/vda1 50G 5.7G 41G 13% / tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
5.2.列表檢視磁碟資訊
root@zstest:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xd6804155 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
5.3.對磁碟vdb進行分割槽
root@zstest:~# fdisk /dev/vdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x63c3e6e0. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): Created a new partition 1 of type `Linux` and of size 50 GiB. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
5.4.檢視分割槽資訊
root@zstest:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xd6804155 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x63c3e6e0 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux
5.5.重新載入磁碟分割槽資訊
root@zstest:~# partprobe /dev/vdb
5.6.對指定磁碟分割槽進行格式化，使用ext4檔案系統
root@zstest:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Creating filesystem with 13106944 4k blocks and 3276800 inodes Filesystem UUID: 047fb8b0-e6ed-42db-bf5c-2a6d388fc34d Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5.7.根據提示進行操作，取消磁碟自檢
root@zstest:~# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1 tune2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Setting maximal mount count to -1
5.8.掛載分割槽到指定目錄
mkdir -p /data mount /dev/vdb1 /data
5.9.配置開機自動掛載分割槽
vim /etc/fstab ------------------------------------------------------- # made by tssc /dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------
完畢，呵呵呵呵