執行長達2分多鐘的大型sql優化

flzhang發表於2015-07-02
在工作中,有些報表的展示較複雜,且需要統計的內容不斷變化,開發的sql越來越長,執行越來越慢,這時優化必不可免,先來看下如下冗長的執行了2分多鐘的sql,看看從中是否能找出些規律
SELECT  T1.BASE_YW
                ,T1.BRNC_ID
                ,T1.OFFC_ID
                ,T1.MKT_MODL_ID
                ,T1.BASC_MODL
                ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02
                ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03
                ,T1.BRNC_ID_NM
                ,T1.OFFC_ID_NM
                ,T1.MKT_MODL_DI_NM
                ,T1.BASC_MODL_NM
                ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02_NM
                ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03_NM
                ,T2.SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_01_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_02_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_03_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_04_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_05_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_06_SHOP_CNT
               
                ,0 GR_BI_CHNL_TP_02
                ,0 GR_BI_CHNL_TP_03
                ,0 GR_MKT_MODL_ID --ADD
                ,0 GR_BASC_MODL --ADD
                ,0 GR_OFFC_ID 
                 ,0 GR_BRNC_ID
        FROM    (
                    SELECT  MAX(T1.BASE_YW) BASE_YW
                            ,T1.BRNC_ID
                            ,T1.OFFC_ID
                            ,T1.MKT_MODL_ID
                            ,T1.BASC_MODL
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03
                           
                            ,MAX(T1.BRNC_ID_NM) BRNC_ID_NM
                            ,MAX(T1.OFFC_ID_NM) OFFC_ID_NM
                            ,MAX(T1.MKT_MODL_ID) MKT_MODL_DI_NM
                            ,MAX(T1.BASC_MODL) BASC_MODL_NM
                            ,MAX(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02_NM) BI_CHNL_TP_02_NM
                            ,MAX(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03_NM) BI_CHNL_TP_03_NM
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 1 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_01_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 2 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_02_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 3 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_03_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 4 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_04_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 5 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_05_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 6 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_06_SHOP_CNT
                    FROM    T_MART T1
                    WHERE   NVL(T1.PSI_VAL,0) >= 1
                    GROUP BY T1.BRNC_ID
                            ,T1.OFFC_ID
                            ,T1.MKT_MODL_ID
                            ,T1.BASC_MODL
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03
                ) T1
                ,T_SHOP_DIM T2
        WHERE   T1.BRNC_ID = T2.BRNC_ID
        AND     T1.OFFC_ID = T2.OFFC_ID
        AND     NVL(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,'-') = NVL(T2.BI_CHNL_TP_02,'-')
        AND     NVL(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03,'-') = NVL(T2.BI_CHNL_TP_03,'-')
        UNION ALL
         
        SELECT  DISTINCT T1.BASE_YW
                ,T1.BRNC_ID
                ,'-' OFFC_ID
                ,'-' MKT_MODL_ID
                ,'-' BASC_MODL
                ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02
                ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03
                ,T1.BRNC_ID_NM
                ,T1.OFFC_ID_NM
                ,T1.MKT_MODL_DI_NM
                ,T1.BASC_MODL_NM
                ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02_NM
                ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03_NM
                ,SUM(T2.SHOP_CNT)OVER(PARTITION BY T1.BASE_YW,T1.BRNC_ID,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03)SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_01_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_02_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_03_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_04_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_05_SHOP_CNT
                ,T1.YW_06_SHOP_CNT
               
                ,0 GR_BI_CHNL_TP_02
                ,0 GR_BI_CHNL_TP_03
                ,1 GR_MKT_MODL_ID --ADD
                ,1 GR_BASC_MODL --ADD
                ,1 GR_OFFC_ID 
                 ,0 GR_BRNC_ID
        FROM    (
                    SELECT  MAX(T1.BASE_YW) BASE_YW
                            ,T1.BRNC_ID
                           -- ,T1.OFFC_ID
                            --,T1.MKT_MODL_ID
                            --,T1.BASC_MODL
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03
                           
                            ,MAX(T1.BRNC_ID_NM) BRNC_ID_NM
                            ,'TTL' OFFC_ID_NM
                            ,'TTL' MKT_MODL_DI_NM --ADD
                            ,'TTL' BASC_MODL_NM   --ADD
                            ,MAX(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02_NM) BI_CHNL_TP_02_NM
                            ,MAX(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03_NM) BI_CHNL_TP_03_NM
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 1 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_01_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 2 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_02_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 3 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_03_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 4 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_04_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 5 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_05_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 6 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_06_SHOP_CNT
                    FROM    T_MART T1
                    WHERE   NVL(T1.PSI_VAL,0) >= 1
                    GROUP BY T1.BRNC_ID
                            --,T1.OFFC_ID
                            --,T1.MKT_MODL_ID
                            --,T1.BASC_MODL
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03
                ) T1
                ,T_SHOP_DIM T2
        WHERE   T1.BRNC_ID = T2.BRNC_ID
       -- AND     T1.OFFC_ID = T2.OFFC_ID
        AND     NVL(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,'-') = NVL(T2.BI_CHNL_TP_02,'-')
        AND     NVL(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03,'-') = NVL(T2.BI_CHNL_TP_03,'-')


 
UNION ALL
……
有些統計報表的sql編寫過於複雜,常常是如上的形式,多個union到一起,且不同欄位組合在一起分組計算,工作中遇到上面這樣的類似sql,由11個上面的select語句塊 union到一起,統計出2000條資料要2分鐘。這樣的語句不在少數而且有時會手工修改滿足更改的報表需求,為提高sql執行和維護sql效率,必然需要優化。
對於這類union很多的分組計算的sql常常想到用報表分析函式合併,這樣類似cube的報表函式要比union all的效率高,io少,因此首要優化的想法就是用更高效的報表分析函式合併這些union語句。但看過具體實際的例子會發現很多select都帶有自己的查詢條件,上面這段sql每個select還和另一個查詢集合關聯,且每次連線的條件都不一樣。這樣就要找到一種通用的方式才能合併這樣的sql
首先在分析sql的時候發現,sql中的select中都有distinct這樣的關鍵字,經與開發人員分析後改distinct的存在主要是為了分析函式求出的商店總數,而對於這個商店總數在 T_SHOP_DIM中是可以計算的,於是首先在T_SHOP_DIM計算商店總數
 SELECT         SUM(T1.SHOP_CNT) SHOP_CNT
                  FROM T_SHOP_DIM T1
                  GROUP BY (T1.BRNC_ID,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03)
計算後在與T1表關聯,於是首先去掉distinct的排中方法。
繼續觀察分析sql,T_SHOP_DIM的計算也是根據不同情況分組計算的,這個情況和T1集合中的分組情況是一致的,而關聯條件也可以想辦法根據不同的分組情況動態的設定成相應值,比如OFFC_ID在本次分組中未加入group by list中,這時就可以設定該值為’-’ ,而T1集合中的OFFC_ID也可以設定成’-’,這樣在對應到本次分組連線時兩個欄位就能連線了。連線的形式固定了,就可以採用分組分析函式合併union all了,於是最終優化sql是
SELECT  MAX(T1.BASE_YW) BASE_YW
                            ,T1.BRNC_ID
                            ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(T1.OFFC_ID)=1 THEN '-' ELSE T1.OFFC_ID END) OFFC_ID--,'-' OFFC_ID-- ,T1.OFFC_ID
                            ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(T1.MKT_MODL_ID)=1 THEN '-' ELSE T1.MKT_MODL_ID END) MKT_MODL_ID--'-' MKT_MODL_ID --,T1.MKT_MODL_ID
                            ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(T1.BASC_MODL)=1 THEN '-' ELSE T1.BASC_MODL END) BASC_MODL--'-' BASC_MODL --,T1.BASC_MODL
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02
                            ,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03
                           
                            ,MAX(T1.BRNC_ID_NM) BRNC_ID_NM
                            ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(T1.OFFC_ID)=1 THEN 'TTL' ELSE MAX(T1.OFFC_ID_NM) END) OFFC_ID_NM--'TTL' OFFC_ID_NM
                            ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(T1.MKT_MODL_ID)=1 THEN 'TTL' ELSE MAX(T1.MKT_MODL_ID) END) MKT_MODL_DI_NM--'TTL' MKT_MODL_DI_NM --ADD
                            ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(T1.BASC_MODL)=1 THEN 'TTL' ELSE MAX(T1.BASC_MODL) END) BASC_MODL_NM--'TTL' BASC_MODL_NM   --ADD
                            ,MAX(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02_NM) BI_CHNL_TP_02_NM
                            ,MAX(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03_NM) BI_CHNL_TP_03_NM
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 1 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_01_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 2 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_02_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 3 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_03_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 4 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_04_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 5 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_05_SHOP_CNT
                            ,COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN T1.YW_RNK = 6 THEN SHOP_ID END) YW_06_SHOP_CNT
                            ,GROUPING_ID(T1.BRNC_ID) C1
                            ,CASE WHEN MAX(T1.OFFC_ID) IS NULL THEN GROUPING_ID(T1.BRNC_ID) END C2
                            ,GROUPING_ID(T1.BRNC_ID,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02) C3
                            ,GROUPING_ID(T1.BRNC_ID,T1.OFFC_ID,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03) C4

                            ,GROUPING(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02) GR_BI_CHNL_TP_02
                            ,GROUPING(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03) GR_BI_CHNL_TP_03
                            ,GROUPING(T1.MKT_MODL_ID) GR_MKT_MODL_ID --ADD
                            ,GROUPING(T1.BASC_MODL) GR_BASC_MODL --ADD
                            ,GROUPING(T1.OFFC_ID) GR_OFFC_ID 
                             ,GROUPING(T1.BRNC_ID) GR_BRNC_ID
                    FROM    T_MART T1
                    WHERE   NVL(T1.PSI_VAL,0) >= 1
                    GROUP BY GROUPING SETS( (T1.BRNC_ID,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03)
                                          ,(T1.BRNC_ID,T1.OFFC_ID,T1.MKT_MODL_ID,T1.BASC_MODL,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03)
                                         )

                ) T1
                ,(SELECT (CASE WHEN GROUPING(T1.BRNC_ID) = 1 THEN '-' ELSE T1.BRNC_ID END) BRNC_ID
                        ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(T1.OFFC_ID) = 1 THEN '-' ELSE T1.OFFC_ID END) OFFC_ID
                        ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(BI_CHNL_TP_02) = 1 THEN '-' ELSE T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02 END) BI_CHNL_TP_02
                        ,(CASE WHEN GROUPING(BI_CHNL_TP_03) = 1 THEN '-' ELSE T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03 END) BI_CHNL_TP_03
                        ,SUM(T1.SHOP_CNT) SHOP_CNT
                  FROM T_SHOP_DIM T1
                  GROUP BY GROUPING SETS( (T1.BRNC_ID,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03)
                                        ,(T1.BRNC_ID,T1.OFFC_ID,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03)
                                        )
                 ) T2
        WHERE   T1.BRNC_ID = T2.BRNC_ID
        AND     T1.OFFC_ID = T2.OFFC_ID
        AND     NVL(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_02,'-') = NVL(T2.BI_CHNL_TP_02,'-')
        AND     NVL(T1.BI_CHNL_TP_03,'-') = NVL(T2.BI_CHNL_TP_03,'-')

這樣根據不同的統計情況,還可以在group by grouping set中新增其他統計情況,這樣核心的sql合併後再統計的效率是47s,因此採用合適的分組分析函式對sql的效率和維護都是非常有必要的。

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