opencv3.2 安裝說明書

軟體環境

ubuntu 14,04 python2.7 cmake , g++, gcc

1 安裝OpenCV依賴

1.1 升級系統

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get upgrade

1.2 安裝編譯工具

由於是通過原始碼安裝 , 說以需要安裝編譯工具.

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config

1.3 安裝依賴庫

由於OpenCV是計算機視覺庫，總需要載入一些影像檔案（ JPEG, PNG, TIFF）。使用下面命令安裝一些必要的影像庫：

$ sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev

除了圖片之外，OpenCV還要處理視訊檔案。使用下面命令安裝一些視訊編解碼庫

sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev

sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev

OpenCV的GUI模組highgui依賴Gtk。安裝gtk庫：

sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev

下面安裝一些可以提高OpenCV效能的庫，如矩陣操作:

sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran

安裝Python2和Python3的開發庫：

sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev python3.5-dev

PS Ubuntu14.04中含有python2.7 , 如果不想自己的系統環境太複雜,可以選擇不去安裝python2.7

下載opencv 原始碼

目前OpenCV的最新穩定版是3.2 , 可以去opencv官網上下載, 也可以去github總下載最新版本

最好再下載opencv_contrib,

opencvcontrib模組是Opencv 沒有經過足夠測試的的新功能模組.OpenCV 在釋出新的版本之前,首先在opencvcontrib倉庫中釋出。當模組成熟並獲得普及後，便轉移到中央OpenCV儲存庫，併發布新的版本; :)

注意：opencv和opencv_contrib的版本要一致

# 由於我下載的opencv3.2  所以會在github下找到相應的版本

wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/3.2.0.tar.gz

tar -zvxf 3.2.0.tar.gz  # 解壓以後生成 opencv_contrib-3.2.0

2. 編譯OpenCV

切換到opencv 的build 目錄 , opencvbuilddirectory

cd   ## 跳轉到opencv 目錄

mkdir build  ## 建立 opencv_build_directory

cd   ## 切換到 opencv_build_directory 目錄

生成編譯檔案

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \

-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \

-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \

-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \

-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/linux/work_space/opencv_contribute/opencv_contrib-3.2.0/modules \

-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python2.7 -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..

make -j    #NUM 自己設定  我設定的是80

ps: 我這裡opencvcontrib 的目錄是/home/linux/workspace/opencvcontribute/opencvcontrib-3.2.0/ ; 所以引數寫成 -D OPENCVEXTRAMODULESPATH=/home/linux/workspace/opencvcontribute/opencvcontrib-3.2.0/modules

最後的 ..  是由於build 目錄在openCV裡面, 我想編譯build 外面的檔案,所以要用相對路徑 .. 

如果是MacOS  可以採用以下方式編譯:

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \

-D PYTHON2_PACKAGES_PATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages \

-D PYTHON2_LIBRARY=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin \

-D PYTHON2_INCLUDE_DIR=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Headers \

-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \

-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \

-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/Users/lee/workspace/opencv_contrib-3.2.0/modules ..

引數說明:

There are somevery importantoptions we are supplying to CMake here, so let’s break them down:

CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: This option indicates that we are building a release binary of OpenCV.

CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX: The base directory where OpenCV will be installed.

PYTHON2_PACKAGES_PATH: Theexplicitpath to where oursite-packagesdirectory lives in ourcvvirtual environment.

PYTHON2_LIBRARY: Path to our Hombrew installation of Python.

PYTHON2_INCLUDE_DIR: The path to our Python header files for compilation.

INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES: Indicate that we want to install the C/C++ examples after compilation.

INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES: Indicate that we want to install the Python examples after complication.

BUILD_EXAMPLES: A flag that determines whether or not the included OpenCV examples will be compiled or not.

OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH:This option is extremely important— here we supply the path to theopencv_contribrepo that we pulled down earlier, indicating that OpenCV should compile the extra modules as well.

3 安裝

make install #  安裝

3.1 Mac OS

PS: 如果你是MacOS 那麼還需要手動的新增cv2的相關檔案到python 中;

我這裡提供兩種方式:

如果使用brew 安裝的, (安裝步驟詳見 )僅需如此:

檢視有沒有這個目錄   /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.10/

cd /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/

ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.13.2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv.py cv.py

ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.13.2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so cv2.so

如果是安裝以上的原始碼方式在本地編譯安裝的情況:

sudo ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/opencv/2.4.13.2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cv2.so

 即可

4 參考文獻

在mac上安裝opencv 與python 

ubuntu opencv3.1

opencv-3-0-trouble-with-installation