之前一直接觸的Linux環境比較多，所以已經習慣了Linux預設的bash環境，忽然接觸HP-UX系統,一下子不適應sh shell命令方式.相信很多初次接觸HP-UX都會感覺有點不適應。下面就這幾天學習HP-UX而瞭解到的bash和sh做一個對比分析：

bash預設:

（1）有命令歷史記憶功能,可以使用上下鍵切換命令；

（2）命令輸入為檔案格式,進退簡單,符合人的習慣；

（3）可以使用TAB鍵補全命令或目錄；

（4）bash是以人為體驗為中心設計；

sh預設:

（1）預設沒有歷史記憶功能,但可以透過配置環境變數達到.

（2）命令輸入為vi模式,輸入命令時,就像我們使用vi編輯,i是插入,x是刪除,u撤銷等,

（3）沒有命令補齊功能.可以使用ECS鍵補齊目錄.

（4）在功能設計上卻有獨到之處.

習慣了bash環境，下面我們就在HP-UX上安裝bash環境做一個詳細的安裝，步驟如下所示：

1、檢查HP_UX的版本

root@rx2660 [/]uname -a

HP-UX rx2660 B.11.31 U ia64 1544395069 unlimited-user license

2、下載相應的軟體包

軟體包下載地址：

看到有一個簡介Run-time dependencies: gettext、libiconv、libunistring、readline、termcap是bash環境執行的依賴包，全部下載下來。

3、透過FTP上傳到HP-UX作業系統的/bash資料夾下

root@rx2660 [/bash]ll

total 111440

-rw-r----- 1 root sys 10557440 Jan 11 02:29 bash-4.4.012-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

-rw-r----- 1 root sys 26501120 Jan 11 02:29 gettext-0.19.8.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

-rw-r----- 1 root sys 3450880 Jan 11 02:29 libiconv-1.15-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

-rw-r----- 1 root sys 10414080 Jan 11 02:29 libunistring-0.9.7-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

-rw-r----- 1 root sys 550089 Jan 11 02:59 make-4.2.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

-rw-r----- 1 root sys 3481600 Jan 11 02:29 readline-7.0.003-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

-rw-r----- 1 root sys 2078720 Jan 11 02:29 termcap-1.3.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

4、安裝

安裝下面的順序依次進行安裝，需要注意的是安裝的路徑必須是絕對路徑，不能使用相對路徑；如果是相對路徑，就會出現下面報錯資訊：

root@rx2660 [/bash]swinstall -s make-4.2.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz \*

======= 01/11/98 03:00:39 EAT BEGIN swinstall SESSION

(non-interactive) (jobid=rx2660-0011)

* Session started for user "root@rx2660".

* Beginning Selection

* Target connection succeeded for "rx2660:/".

ERROR: Could not contact host "make-4.2.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz".

Make sure the hostname is correct and an absolute pathname is

specified (beginning with "/").

* Source connection failed for

"make-4.2.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz:/var/spool/sw".

WARNING: More information may be found in the daemon logfile on this

target (default location is

make-4.2.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz:/var/adm/sw/swagentd.log).

* Selection had errors.

======= 01/11/98 03:00:39 EAT END swinstall SESSION (non-interactive)

(jobid=rx2660-0011)

正確的安裝方法：

root@rx2660 [/bash]swinstall -s /bash/gettext-0.19.8.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz \*

======= 01/11/98 02:56:17 EAT BEGIN swinstall SESSION

(non-interactive) (jobid=rx2660-0009)

* Session started for user "root@rx2660".

* Beginning Selection

* Target connection succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Source:

/bash/gettext-0.19.8.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

* Targets: rx2660:/

* Software selections:

gettext.gettext-MAN,r=0.19.8.1,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

gettext.gettext-RUN,r=0.19.8.1,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

* Selection succeeded.

* Beginning Analysis and Execution

* Session selections have been saved in the file

"/.sw/sessions/swinstall.last".

* The analysis phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* The execution phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Analysis and Execution succeeded.

NOTE: More information may be found in the agent logfile using the

command "swjob -a log rx2660-0009 @ rx2660:/".

======= 01/11/98 02:56:43 EAT END swinstall SESSION (non-interactive)

(jobid=rx2660-0009)

root@rx2660 [/bash]swinstall -s /bash/termcap-1.3.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz \*

======= 01/11/98 03:04:02 EAT BEGIN swinstall SESSION

(non-interactive) (jobid=rx2660-0014)

* Session started for user "root@rx2660".

* Beginning Selection

* Target connection succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Source:

/bash/termcap-1.3.1-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

* Targets: rx2660:/

* Software selections:

termcap.termcap-RUN,r=1.3.1,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

* Selection succeeded.

* Beginning Analysis and Execution

* Session selections have been saved in the file

"/.sw/sessions/swinstall.last".

* The analysis phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* The execution phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Analysis and Execution succeeded.

NOTE: More information may be found in the agent logfile using the

command "swjob -a log rx2660-0014 @ rx2660:/".

======= 01/11/98 03:04:06 EAT END swinstall SESSION (non-interactive)

(jobid=rx2660-0014)

root@rx2660 [/bash]swinstall -s /bash/libiconv-1.15-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz \*

======= 01/11/98 03:04:36 EAT BEGIN swinstall SESSION

(non-interactive) (jobid=rx2660-0015)

* Session started for user "root@rx2660".

* Beginning Selection

* Target connection succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Source:

/bash/libiconv-1.15-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

* Targets: rx2660:/

* Software selections:

libiconv.libiconv-MAN,r=1.15,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

libiconv.libiconv-RUN,r=1.15,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

* Selection succeeded.

* Beginning Analysis and Execution

* Session selections have been saved in the file

"/.sw/sessions/swinstall.last".

* The analysis phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* The execution phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Analysis and Execution succeeded.

NOTE: More information may be found in the agent logfile using the

command "swjob -a log rx2660-0015 @ rx2660:/".

======= 01/11/98 03:04:39 EAT END swinstall SESSION (non-interactive)

(jobid=rx2660-0015)

root@rx2660 [/bash]swinstall -s /bash/libunistring-0.9.7-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz \*

======= 01/11/98 03:05:22 EAT BEGIN swinstall SESSION

(non-interactive) (jobid=rx2660-0016)

* Session started for user "root@rx2660".

* Beginning Selection

* Target connection succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Source:

/bash/libunistring-0.9.7-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

* Targets: rx2660:/

* Software selections:

libunistring.libunistring-INC,r=0.9.7,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

libunistring.libunistring-RUN,r=0.9.7,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

* Selection succeeded.

* Beginning Analysis and Execution

* Session selections have been saved in the file

"/.sw/sessions/swinstall.last".

* The analysis phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* The execution phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Analysis and Execution succeeded.

NOTE: More information may be found in the agent logfile using the

command "swjob -a log rx2660-0016 @ rx2660:/".

======= 01/11/98 03:05:27 EAT END swinstall SESSION (non-interactive)

(jobid=rx2660-0016)

root@rx2660 [/bash]swinstall -s /bash/bash-4.4.012-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz \*

======= 01/11/98 03:06:23 EAT BEGIN swinstall SESSION

(non-interactive) (jobid=rx2660-0017)

* Session started for user "root@rx2660".

* Beginning Selection

* Target connection succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Source:

/bash/bash-4.4.012-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

* Targets: rx2660:/

* Software selections:

bash.bash-RUN,r=4.4.012,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

* Selection succeeded.

* Beginning Analysis and Execution

* Session selections have been saved in the file

"/.sw/sessions/swinstall.last".

* The analysis phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* The execution phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Analysis and Execution succeeded.

NOTE: More information may be found in the agent logfile using the

command "swjob -a log rx2660-0017 @ rx2660:/".

======= 01/11/98 03:06:25 EAT END swinstall SESSION (non-interactive)

(jobid=rx2660-0017)

附帶swinstall安裝介面步驟：

5、檢視軟體包的安裝情況

root@rx2660 [/bash]swlist

# Initializing...

# Contacting target "rx2660"...

#

# Target: rx2660:/

#

……(此處省略N行記錄)

#

# Product(s) not contained in a Bundle:

#

OnlineJFS B.11.31 Online features of the VxFS File System

bash 4.4.012 bash

gettext 0.19.8.1 gettext

libiconv 1.15 libiconv

libunistring 0.9.7 libunistring

termcap 1.3.1 termcap

6、修改環境變數

root@rx2660 [/]chmod 744 .profile

root@rx2660 [/]vi .profile

".profile" 50 lines, 975 characters

# @(#)B.11.31_LR

# Default (example of) super-user's .profile file

# Do not put "." in PATH; it is a potential security breach.

# Do not put "/usr/local/bin" in PATH; it is a potential security breach.

# Example assumes /home/root exists.

set +u

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH:/sbin:/home/root

# Be sure that VUE does not invoke tty commands

if [ ! "$VUE" ]; then

# Set up the terminal:

if [ "$TERM" = "" ]

then

eval ` tset -s -Q -m ':?hp' `

else

eval ` tset -s -Q `

fi

stty erase "^H" kill "^U" intr "^C" eof "^D"

stty hupcl ixon ixoff

tabs

echo

echo "Value of TERM has been set to \"$TERM\". "

export TERM

".profile" 50 lines, 975 characters

# Set up shell environment:

set -u # error if undefined variable.

trap "echo 'logout root'" 0 # what to do on exit.

# Set up shell variables:

MAIL=/var/mail/root

# don't export, so only login shell checks.

echo "WARNING: YOU ARE SUPERUSER !!\n"

umask 027

#增加下面一句

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin

7、退出會話，重新登入檢查bash是否可用

root@rx2660 [/]bash

/usr/lib/hpux64/dld.so: Unable to find library 'libhistory.so'.

Killed

執行bash，出現上面的報錯資訊：是由於缺少依賴的包

解決方法：

root@rx2660 [/bash]swinstall -s /bash/readline-7.0.003-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz \*

======= 01/11/98 03:21:11 EAT BEGIN swinstall SESSION

(non-interactive) (jobid=rx2660-0019)

* Session started for user "root@rx2660".

* Beginning Selection

* Target connection succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Source:

/bash/readline-7.0.003-ia64_64-11.31.depot.gz

* Targets: rx2660:/

* Software selections:

readline.readline-INC,r=7.0.003,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

readline.readline-RUN,r=7.0.003,a=HP-UX_B.11.31_64

* Selection succeeded.

* Beginning Analysis and Execution

* Session selections have been saved in the file

"/.sw/sessions/swinstall.last".

* The analysis phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* The execution phase succeeded for "rx2660:/".

* Analysis and Execution succeeded.

NOTE: More information may be found in the agent logfile using the

command "swjob -a log rx2660-0019 @ rx2660:/".

======= 01/11/98 03:21:15 EAT END swinstall SESSION (non-interactive)

(jobid=rx2660-0019)

再次執行bash成功，這樣就可以使用tab鍵補全指令資訊

root@rx2660 [/]bash

bash-4.4#

bash-4.4#

作者：SEian.G（苦練七十二變，笑對八十一難）

HP-UX 11.31安裝bash環境

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