【Oracle】service_name和service_names的關係

路途中的人2012發表於2015-10-02
原文網址 : http://blog.itpub.net/29067253/viewspace-1813338/
Oracle
從oracle9i開始，後臺程式PMON自動在監聽器中註冊初始化引數SERVICE_NAMES中定義的服務名，SERVICE_NAMES預設為db_name.db_dimain。客戶端tns配置中SERVICE_NAME的名稱必須是SERVICE_NAMES或其中的一個NAME。
1 listenter.ora檔案中的 GLOBAL_DBNAME和tnsnames.ora檔案SERVICE_NAME的配置一樣時，GLOBAL_DBNAME = A, 連線串中的SERVICE_NAME = A,此時就可以連線上資料庫。根據tnsnames.ora檔案中的連線串中的SERVICE_NAME = A 找到監聽器listener.ora中的SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME= A)，之後在找到SID_NAME, 來連線到資料庫例項。
2listenter.ora檔案中的 GLOBAL_DBNAME和tnsnames.ora檔案的SERVICE_NAME的配置一樣時，tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME要與引數檔案中的SERVICE_NAMES 引數一樣或者是其中之一，否則無法透過tns連線到資料庫。
tnsnames.ora檔案中的service_name 和 listener.oar檔案中的GLOBAL_DBNAME一樣的情況：
檢視tnsnames.ora檔案的配置資訊：
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
YANGDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb)
    )
  )
YANGDB1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb1)
    )
  )

YANGDB2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb2)
    )
  )
YANGDB3 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb3)
    )
  )
RAC =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.250.7.200)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = rac)
    )
  )
 監聽檔案中的配置資訊：
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
      (SID_LIST =
         (SID_DESC =
           (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
             (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre)
           (PROGRAM = extproc)
         )
        (SID_DESC =
          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = yangdb)
           (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre)
          (SID_NAME = yangdb)
         )
     ) 
yangdb =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle
引數service_names是靜態的，必須重啟機器才能夠生效。
oracle@rac3:/home/oracle>sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SYS@yangdb-rac3> alter system set service_names='yangdb,yangdb1,yangdb2,yangdb3' scope=both;
System altered.
SYS@yangdb-rac3> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@yangdb-rac3> startup 
ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@yangdb-rac3> show parameter service_names
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      yangdb,yangdb1,yangdb2,yangdb3
進行連線測試：
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>sqlplus yang/yang@yangdb1
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Oct 20 11:12:13 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
YANG@yangdb-rac3> show parameter service_ 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      yangdb,yangdb1,yangdb2,yangdb3
YANG@yangdb-rac3> exit
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>sqlplus yang/yang@yangdb2
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Oct 20 11:57:26 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

YANG@yangdb-rac3> show parameter service_

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      yangdb,yangdb1,yangdb2,yangdb3
YANG@yangdb-rac3> exit

oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>sqlplus yang/yang@yangdb3
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Oct 20 11:57:38 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
YANG@yangdb-rac3> show parameter service_

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      yangdb,yangdb1,yangdb2,yangdb3
YANG@yangdb-rac3> exit
檢視監聽服務狀態，可以知道共有6個監聽服務名。
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>lsnrctl service
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-OCT-2011 11:59:11
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdb" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0
         LOCAL SERVER
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdb1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdb2" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdb3" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdbXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready
         DISPATCHER
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rac3)(PORT=45357))
The command completed successfully
tnsnames.ora檔案中的service_name 和 引數檔案中的service_name不一樣的情況：
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>vi tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
lily =   ----連線標識，可以為任意值
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = lily)
    )
  )
YANGDB1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb1)
    )
  )
YANGDB2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb2)
    )
  )
YANGDB3 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb3)
    )
  )
"tnsnames.ora" 60L, 1198C 已寫入                            
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>vi listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
      (SID_LIST =
         (SID_DESC =
           (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
             (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre)
           (PROGRAM = extproc)
         )
        (SID_DESC =
          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = lily)
           (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre)
          (SID_NAME = yangdb)
         )
     )
yangdb =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-OCT-2011 10:58:30
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                27-SEP-2011 21:47:16
Uptime                    22 days 13 hr. 11 min. 14 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rac3/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rac3)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "yangdb" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "yangdb1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "yangdb2" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "yangdb3" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "yangdbXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>lsnrctl service
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-OCT-2011 10:58:37

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdb" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0
         LOCAL SERVER
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdb1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdb2" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdb3" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "yangdbXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "yangdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready
         DISPATCHER
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rac3)(PORT=45357))
The command completed successfully
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>lsnrctl reload
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-OCT-2011 10:58:45
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
The command completed successfully
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>
更改tnsnames.ora檔案中的service_name的值 yangdb為lily，並相應的修改listener.ora檔案中的global_dbname的值為lily ，也可以成功連線資料庫。
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>vi tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
lily =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = lily)
    )
  )
YANGDB1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb1)
    )
  )
YANGDB2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb2)
    )
  )

YANGDB3 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = yangdb3)
    )
  )
"tnsnames.ora" 60L, 1196C 已寫入
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>sqlplus yang/yang@lily 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Oct 20 11:00:11 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
YANG@yangdb-rac3> show parameter service_        
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      yangdb,yangdb1,yangdb2,yangdb3  --動態監聽裡面沒有lily 這樣的服務
YANG@yangdb-rac3> exit
說明：如果 引數檔案中的service_names沒有lily這個值，但是listener.ora檔案中有與之對應的GLOBAL_DBNAME，並且已經啟動了靜態監聽服務，則sqlplus透過@lily也可以連線資料庫。
如果沒有啟動靜態監聽，即沒有lily 這樣的service,則不可以連線資料庫，(當然修改過之後沒有執行reload 或沒有重啟監聽，則還可以連線，因為之前存在，這樣的例子不討論)
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>vi listener.ora     
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
# SID_LIST_LISTENER =
#      (SID_LIST =
#         (SID_DESC =
#           (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
#             (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre)
#           (PROGRAM = extproc)
#         )
#        (SID_DESC =
#          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = lily)
#           (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre)
#          (SID_NAME = yangdb)
#         )
#     ) 
yangdb =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle    
編輯過之後重新啟動資料庫（可選），重啟監聽，目的重新註冊服務，去掉靜態監聽的服務。
 SYS@yangdb-rac3> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@yangdb-rac3>  startup 
Database mounted.
Database opened. 
SYS@yangdb-rac3> 
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-OCT-2011 11:11:24
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rac3/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rac3)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                20-OCT-2011 11:11:24
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rac3/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rac3)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services  --沒有靜態監聽服務，這時只能透過動態監聽的服務來連線到資料庫。
The command completed successfully
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>sqlplus yang/yang@lily
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Oct 20 11:11:35 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect 
descriptor --報錯，監聽沒有lily這樣的服務

Enter user-name: ^[[ 
--透過pmon動態監聽的服務名來連線資料庫。
oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/alifpre/network/admin>sqlplus yang/yang@yangdb1
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Oct 20 11:12:13 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
YANG@yangdb-rac3> show parameter service_ 
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      yangdb,yangdb1,yangdb2,yangdb3

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