html5呼叫攝像頭功能

距離發表於2019-02-16

前言

前些天,線上筆試的時候,發現需要瀏覽器同意開啟攝像頭,感覺像是 js 呼叫的,由於當時筆試,也就沒想到這麼多?。今天閒來無事,看了下自己的 todo,發現有這個呼叫攝像頭的todo,才想到?。網上查了一下,果然 js 有呼叫攝像頭的 api,為此自己寫一個 demo ,避免忘記。

正文

呼叫攝像頭

一共有兩種實現方式,一種是使用navigator.getUserMedia該特性已經從 Web 標準中刪除,雖然一些瀏覽器目前仍然支援它,但也許會在未來的某個時間停止支援,請儘量不要使用該特性),前面一種已經從 Web 標準中刪除,僅為了向後相容而存在,第二種是使用navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(推薦使用),這兩種方法 Safari 貌似都不支援。。。。

  • 第一種方法navigator.getUserMedia用法詳見 mdn ,程式碼如下:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>攝像頭呼叫1</title>
</head>

<body>
    <video id="v"></video>
    <script>
        !(function () {
            function userMedia() {
                return navigator.getUserMedia = navigator.getUserMedia ||
                    navigator.webkitGetUserMedia ||
                    navigator.mozGetUserMedia ||
                    navigator.msGetUserMedia || null;
            }
            if (userMedia()) {
                var constraints = {
                    video: true,
                    audio: false
                };
                var media = navigator.getUserMedia(constraints, function (stream) {
                    var v = document.getElementById(`v`);
                    var url = window.URL || window.webkitURL;
                    v.src = url ? url.createObjectURL(stream) : stream;
                    v.play();
                }, function (error) {
                    console.log("ERROR");
                    console.log(error);
                });
            } else {
                console.log("不支援");
            }
        })();
    </script>
</body>
</html>
  • 第二種方法navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia用法詳見mdnnavigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia 其實和第一種差不多,主要第二種返回是一個 Promise 物件,程式碼如下:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>攝像頭呼叫2</title>
</head>

<body>
    <video id="v"></video>
    <script>
        !(function () {
            // 老的瀏覽器可能根本沒有實現 mediaDevices,所以我們可以先設定一個空的物件
            if (navigator.mediaDevices === undefined) {
                navigator.mediaDevices = {};
            }
            if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia === undefined) {
                navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia = function (constraints) {
                    // 首先,如果有getUserMedia的話,就獲得它
                    var getUserMedia = navigator.webkitGetUserMedia || navigator.mozGetUserMedia || navigator.msGetUserMedia;

                    // 一些瀏覽器根本沒實現它 - 那麼就返回一個error到promise的reject來保持一個統一的介面
                    if (!getUserMedia) {
                        return Promise.reject(new Error(`getUserMedia is not implemented in this browser`));
                    }

                    // 否則,為老的navigator.getUserMedia方法包裹一個Promise
                    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
                        getUserMedia.call(navigator, constraints, resolve, reject);
                    });
                }
            }
            const constraints = {
                video: true,
                audio: false
            };
            let promise = navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints);
            promise.then(stream => {
                let v = document.getElementById(`v`);
                // 舊的瀏覽器可能沒有srcObject
                if ("srcObject" in v) {
                    v.srcObject = stream;
                } else {
                    // 防止再新的瀏覽器裡使用它,應為它已經不再支援了
                    v.src = window.URL.createObjectURL(stream);
                }
                v.onloadedmetadata = function (e) {
                    v.play();
                };
            }).catch(err => {
                console.error(err.name + ": " + err.message);
            })
        })();
    </script>
</body>
</html>

拍照

思路是設定一個標誌變數 videoPlaying 看看是否 video 有在 play,監聽拍照按鈕的點選事件,如果videoPlaying 為 true ,使用一個canvas 獲取 video 的寬高(預設 canvas 是不顯示的),然後使用 canvas 的drawImage,然後使用 canvas 的 toDataURL返回一個 data url,將這個 url,設定在一個 img 標籤上即可?

  • 第一種方法navigator.getUserMedia實現程式碼:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>拍照1</title>
</head>
<body>
    <button id="take">拍照</button>
    <br />
    <video id="v" style="width: 640px;height: 480px;"></video>
    <canvas id="canvas" style="display:none;"></canvas>
    <br />
    <img src="http://placehold.it/640&text=Your%20image%20here%20..." id="photo" alt="photo">
    <script>
        !(function () {
            function userMedia() {
                return navigator.getUserMedia = navigator.getUserMedia ||
                    navigator.webkitGetUserMedia ||
                    navigator.mozGetUserMedia ||
                    navigator.msGetUserMedia || null;
            }
            if (userMedia()) {
                let videoPlaying = false;
                let constraints = {
                    video: true,
                    audio: false
                };
                let video = document.getElementById(`v`);
                let media = navigator.getUserMedia(constraints, function (stream) {
                    let url = window.URL || window.webkitURL;
                    video.src = url ? url.createObjectURL(stream) : stream;
                    video.play();
                    videoPlaying = true;
                }, function (error) {
                    console.log("ERROR");
                    console.log(error);
                });
                document.getElementById(`take`).addEventListener(`click`, function () {
                    if (videoPlaying) {
                        let canvas = document.getElementById(`canvas`);
                        canvas.width = video.videoWidth;
                        canvas.height = video.videoHeight;
                        canvas.getContext(`2d`).drawImage(video, 0, 0);
                        let data = canvas.toDataURL(`image/webp`);
                        document.getElementById(`photo`).setAttribute(`src`, data);
                    }
                }, false);
            } else {
                console.log("不支援");
            }
        })();
    </script>
</body>
</html>

第二種navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia實現方法:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>拍照2</title>
</head>

<body>
    <button id="take">拍照</button>
    <br />
    <video id="v" style="width: 640px;height: 480px;"></video>
    <canvas id="canvas" style="display:none;"></canvas>
    <br />
    <img src="http://placehold.it/640&text=Your%20image%20here%20..." id="photo" alt="photo">
    <script>
        !(function () {
            // 老的瀏覽器可能根本沒有實現 mediaDevices,所以我們可以先設定一個空的物件
            if (navigator.mediaDevices === undefined) {
                navigator.mediaDevices = {};
            }
            if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia === undefined) {
                navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia = function (constraints) {
                    // 首先,如果有getUserMedia的話,就獲得它
                    var getUserMedia = navigator.webkitGetUserMedia || navigator.mozGetUserMedia || navigator.msGetUserMedia;

                    // 一些瀏覽器根本沒實現它 - 那麼就返回一個error到promise的reject來保持一個統一的介面
                    if (!getUserMedia) {
                        return Promise.reject(new Error(`getUserMedia is not implemented in this browser`));
                    }

                    // 否則,為老的navigator.getUserMedia方法包裹一個Promise
                    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
                        getUserMedia.call(navigator, constraints, resolve, reject);
                    });
                }
            }
            const constraints = {
                video: true,
                audio: false
            };
            let videoPlaying = false;
            let v = document.getElementById(`v`);
            let promise = navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints);
            promise.then(stream => {
                // 舊的瀏覽器可能沒有srcObject
                if ("srcObject" in v) {
                    v.srcObject = stream;
                } else {
                    // 防止再新的瀏覽器裡使用它,應為它已經不再支援了
                    v.src = window.URL.createObjectURL(stream);
                }
                v.onloadedmetadata = function (e) {
                    v.play();
                    videoPlaying = true;
                };
            }).catch(err => {
                console.error(err.name + ": " + err.message);
            })
            document.getElementById(`take`).addEventListener(`click`, function () {
                if (videoPlaying) {
                    let canvas = document.getElementById(`canvas`);
                    canvas.width = v.videoWidth;
                    canvas.height = v.videoHeight;
                    canvas.getContext(`2d`).drawImage(v, 0, 0);
                    let data = canvas.toDataURL(`image/webp`);
                    document.getElementById(`photo`).setAttribute(`src`, data);
                }
            }, false);
        })();
    </script>
</body>

</html>

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