nginx 安裝和使用

不設限發表於2016-09-07

1.解除安裝已有的 nginx
2.軟體下載地址
3.預先安裝軟體
4.安裝 nginx
5.出現問題解決
6.啟動和停止nginx
7.停止
8.啟動
9.重啟
10.測試
11.常見例子->訪問靜態檔案
12.常見例子->一個負載均衡例子
13.常見例子->多個負載均衡，多個服務，多個埠
14.nginx可以實現的效果

解除安裝已有的 nginx

find -name nginx
./nginx
./nginx/sbin/nginx
./nginx-1.2.6/objs/nginx
yum remove nginx

軟體下載地址

預先安裝軟體

yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl--devel pcre pcre-devel

安裝 nginx

cd /usr/local
tar -zxv -f nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
rm -rf nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
mv nginx-1.2.6 nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx

#設定安裝位置，可以自己定義


#資料夾出現位置是在 make, make install 之後才出現的，新增http檢測模組

./configure --prefix=/data/software/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module

#安裝

make && make install

出現問題解決

安裝報錯：
時候，我們需要單獨安裝nginx，來處理大量的下載請求。
單獨在Centos5安裝nginx遇到的rewrite和HTTP cache錯誤解決辦法：
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-0.8.33.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-0.8.33.tar.gz 
cd nginx-0.8.33
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

安裝Nginx時報錯

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

安裝pcre-devel解決問題
yum -y install pcre-devel

錯誤提示：./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions
from OpenSSL library.   You can either disable the module by using
--without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system,
or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using
--with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=<path> options.

解決辦法：

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

總結：

yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

配置防火牆


#修改防火牆配置： 

[root@admin nginx-1.2.6]# vi + /etc/sysconfig/iptables

#新增配置項 

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

#重啟防火牆 

[root@admin nginx-1.2.6]# service iptables restart

啟動和停止nginx


#方法1

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#方法2

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx

停止


#查詢nginx主程式號 

ps -ef | grep nginx

#停止程式 

kill -QUIT 主程式號 

#快速停止 

kill -TERM 主程式號 

#強制停止 

pkill -9 nginx

重啟
```
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
```

測試


#埠測試 

netstat –na|grep 80

#瀏覽器中測試 

http://ip:80

常見例子->訪問靜態檔案

user  nginx nginx;
worker_processes  8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65536;

#error_log  logs/error.log;


#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;


#error_log  logs/error.log  info;



#pid        logs/nginx.pid;



events {
    worker_connections  65536;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - ';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #keepalive_timeout  1000;
    charset utf-8;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 10k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css  application/xml application/octet-stream;
    gzip_vary on;

    server {
        #被監聽的埠號和網址
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.test.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/test_access.log  main;

        location / {
        #這個地方指定被訪問的資料夾位置
            root   /data/test;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css|js)$ {
        root /data/test;
        expires 30d;
        }
    }


    #location ~ /purge(/.*){
    #    allow 192.168.0.0/16;
    #    deny all;
    #    proxy_cache_purge resource $host$1$is_args$args;
    #}
    }

常見例子->一個負載均衡例子

user  nginx nginx;
worker_processes  8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65536;

#error_log  logs/error.log;


#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;


#error_log  logs/error.log  info;



#pid        logs/nginx.pid;



events {
    worker_connections  65536;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

# log_format 日誌格式

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - ';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #keepalive_timeout  1000;
    charset utf-8;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 10k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css  application/xml application/octet-stream;
    gzip_vary on;


    upstream balance{
        server 192.168.21.77:8080;
    }


    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name www.website.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/website.log  main;
    #request proxy server
        location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            #這裡設定代理的位置
            proxy_pass http://balance;
            proxy_redirect default;
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    location /nginx_status{
                stub_status on;
                access_log off;#指定全域性的 log 是否開啟
                allow all;
               # deny all;
        }
    }

}

13. 常見例子->多個負載均衡，多個服務，多個埠

user  nginx nginx;
worker_processes  8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65536;

#error_log  logs/error.log;


#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;


#error_log  logs/error.log  info;



#pid        logs/nginx.pid;



events {
    worker_connections  65536;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - ';

    #全域性日誌記錄記錄的位置及日誌格式
    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #keepalive_timeout  1000;
    charset utf-8;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 10k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css  application/xml application/octet-stream;
    gzip_vary on;


#負載均衡示例 1

    upstream balance1{
        server 192.168.21.76:8093 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    }

#負載均衡示例 2

    upstream balance2{
        server 192.168.21.76:8070;
        server 192.168.21.76:8071 down;
    }

#負載均衡示例 3

    upstream balance3{
        server 192.168.21.76:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    }


#web 服務 1

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name www.website1.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

#當前 web 服務的日誌 位置、格式

        access_log  logs/404_access.log  main;
    #request proxy server
        location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://balance1;
            proxy_redirect default;
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    location /nginx_status{
                stub_status on;
                access_log off;#指定全域性的 access_log 是否開啟
                allow all;
               # deny all;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name website2.com;

        #charset koi8-r;
#
        access_log  logs/website2.log  main;
    #request proxy server
        location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://balance3;
            proxy_redirect default;
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    location /nginx_status{
                stub_status on;
                access_log off;
                allow all;
               # deny all;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name www.website3.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/website3.log  main;
    #request proxy server
        location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://balance1;
            proxy_redirect default;
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    location /nginx_status{
                stub_status on;
                access_log off;
                allow all;
               # deny all;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen       8060;
        server_name 192.168.1.111;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/website4.log  main;
    #request proxy server
        location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://balance2;
            proxy_redirect default;
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    location /nginx_status{
                stub_status on;
                access_log off;
                allow all;
               # deny all;
        }

    }

}

同一個域名下的不同 url 指向不同應用

worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;


#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;


#error_log  logs/error.log  info;


#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

# log_format 日誌格式

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr [$time_local] $upstream_addr $upstream_status $upstream_response_time "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    log_format cachelog '$time_local - $upstream_cache_status - Cache-Control:$upstream_http_cache_control - $request($status) - ';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #keepalive_timeout  1000;
    charset utf-8;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 10k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types text/plain text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css  application/xml application/octet-stream;
    gzip_vary on;

    upstream tomcat-cfhd-admin {
        ip_hash;
    server 192.168.87.105:8081;
        server 192.168.87.104:8081;
    }
    upstream tomcat-cfhd-service {
    server 192.168.87.105:8082;
    server 192.168.87.104:8082;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        #server_name  203.158.23.152;
        server_name  test.ync365.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/hd.access.log  main;
    #request proxy server
    #http://test.ync365.com/cfhd-admin
    #上面的請求將會由 http://tomcat-cfhd-admin 處理
    #****需要注意的是*****
    #http://tomcat-cfhd-admin 所指向的那個tomcat裡面所部署的war檔案的名稱需要固定為
    #cfhd-admin.war
    #因為代理的域名指向了指定了 upstream 下面的 /cfhd-admin，所以那個工程的 war名稱必須的跟他一致才能找到
    location /cfhd-admin {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://tomcat-cfhd-admin;
        proxy_redirect default;
    client_max_body_size 50m;
        }
    #http://test.ync365.com/cfhd-service
    #上面的請求將會由 http://tomcat-cfhd-service 處理
    #****需要注意的是*****
    #http://tomcat-cfhd-service 所指向的那個tomcat裡面所部署的war檔案的名稱需要固定為
    #cfhd-service.war
    #因為代理的域名指向了指定了 upstream 下面的 /cfhd-service，所以那個工程的 war名稱必須的跟他一致才能找到
    location /cfhd-service {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://tomcat-cfhd-service;
        proxy_redirect default;
        }   

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    location /nginx_status{
                stub_status on;
                access_log off;#指定全域性的 log 是否開啟
                allow all;
               # deny all;
        }
    }

}

nginx可以實現的效果
（1）可以指定多個埠。
（2）一個負載均衡可以被多個服務名訪問。
（3）一個埠可以被多個服務監聽。
（4）一個負載均衡可以配置多個 tomcat 服務。

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