1、Spring mvc介紹
SpringMVC框架是以請求為驅動,圍繞Servlet設計,將請求發給控制器,然後通過模型物件,分派器來展示請求結果檢視。其中核心類是DispatcherServlet,它是一個Servlet,頂層是實現的Servlet介面。
2、SpringMVC使用
需要在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet。並且需要配置spring監聽器ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
springmvc
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
contextConfigLocation
classpath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml
1
springmvc
/
3、SpringMVC執行原理
如圖所示:
流程說明:
(1)客戶端(瀏覽器)傳送請求,直接請求到DispatcherServlet。
(2)DispatcherServlet根據請求資訊呼叫HandlerMapping,解析請求對應的Handler。
(3)解析到對應的Handler後,開始由HandlerAdapter介面卡處理。
(4)HandlerAdapter會根據Handler來呼叫真正的處理器開處理請求,並處理相應的業務邏輯。
(5)處理器處理完業務後,會返回一個ModelAndView物件,Model是返回的資料物件,View是個邏輯上的View。
(6)ViewResolver會根據邏輯View查詢實際的View。
(7)DispaterServlet把返回的Model傳給View。
(8)通過View返回給請求者(瀏覽器)
4、DispatcherServlet詳細解析
首先看下原始碼:
package org.springframework.web.servlet;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
public static final String MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "multipartResolver";
public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "localeResolver";
public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "themeResolver";
public static final String HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME = "handlerMapping";
public static final String HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerAdapter";
public static final String HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerExceptionResolver";
public static final String REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME = "viewNameTranslator";
public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "viewResolver";
public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "flashMapManager";
public static final String WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".CONTEXT";
public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".LOCALE_RESOLVER";
public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".THEME_RESOLVER";
public static final String THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".THEME_SOURCE";
public static final String INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".INPUT_FLASH_MAP";
public static final String OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP";
public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".FLASH_MAP_MANAGER";
public static final String EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".EXCEPTION";
public static final String PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY = "org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound";
private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "DispatcherServlet.properties";
protected static final Log pageNotFoundLogger = LogFactory.getLog(PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY);
private static final Properties defaultStrategies;
static {
try {
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);
defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
/** Detect all HandlerMappings or just expect "handlerMapping" bean? */
private boolean detectAllHandlerMappings = true;
/** Detect all HandlerAdapters or just expect "handlerAdapter" bean? */
private boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters = true;
/** Detect all HandlerExceptionResolvers or just expect "handlerExceptionResolver" bean? */
private boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers = true;
/** Detect all ViewResolvers or just expect "viewResolver" bean? */
private boolean detectAllViewResolvers = true;
/** Throw a NoHandlerFoundException if no Handler was found to process this request? **/
private boolean throwExceptionIfNoHandlerFound = false;
/** Perform cleanup of request attributes after include request? */
private boolean cleanupAfterInclude = true;
/** MultipartResolver used by this servlet */
private MultipartResolver multipartResolver;
/** LocaleResolver used by this servlet */
private LocaleResolver localeResolver;
/** ThemeResolver used by this servlet */
private ThemeResolver themeResolver;
/** List of HandlerMappings used by this servlet */
private List handlerMappings;
/** List of HandlerAdapters used by this servlet */
private List handlerAdapters;
/** List of HandlerExceptionResolvers used by this servlet */
private List handlerExceptionResolvers;
/** RequestToViewNameTranslator used by this servlet */
private RequestToViewNameTranslator viewNameTranslator;
private FlashMapManager flashMapManager;
/** List of ViewResolvers used by this servlet */
private List viewResolvers;
public DispatcherServlet() {
super();
}
public DispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext) {
super(webApplicationContext);
}
@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
initStrategies(context);
}
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
initMultipartResolver(context);
initLocaleResolver(context);
initThemeResolver(context);
initHandlerMappings(context);
initHandlerAdapters(context);
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
initViewResolvers(context);
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
}
DispatcherServlet類中的屬性beans:
HandlerMapping:用於handlers對映請求和一系列的對於攔截器的前處理和後處理,大部分用@Controller註解。
HandlerAdapter:幫助DispatcherServlet處理對映請求處理程式的介面卡,而不用考慮實際呼叫的是 哪個處理程式。
HandlerExceptionResolver:處理對映異常。
ViewResolver:根據實際配置解析實際的View型別。
LocaleResolver:解決客戶正在使用的區域設定以及可能的時區,以便能夠提供國際化視野。
ThemeResolver:解決Web應用程式可以使用的主題,例如提供個性化佈局。
MultipartResolver:解析多部分請求,以支援從HTML表單上傳檔案。
FlashMapManager:儲存並檢索可用於將一個請求屬性傳遞到另一個請求的input和output的FlashMap,通常用於重定向。
在Web MVC框架中,每個DispatcherServlet都擁自己的WebApplicationContext,它繼承了ApplicationContext。WebApplicationContext包含了其上下文和Servlet例項之間共享的所有的基礎框架beans。
HandlerMapping:
HandlerMapping介面處理請求的對映
HandlerMapping介面的實現類:
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping類通過配置檔案把URL對映到Controller類。
DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping類通過註解把URL對映到Controller類。
HandlerAdapter:
HandlerAdapter介面-處理請求對映
AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter:通過註解,把請求URL對映到Controller類的方法上。
HandlerExceptionResolver:
HandlerExceptionResolver介面-異常處理介面
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver通過配置檔案進行異常處理。
AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver:通過註解進行異常處理。
ViewResolver:
ViewResolver介面解析View檢視。
UrlBasedViewResolver類 通過配置檔案,把一個檢視名交給到一個View來處理。
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