SpringMVC實現原理及解析

Java特種兵發表於2018-10-28

1、Spring mvc介紹

SpringMVC框架是以請求為驅動,圍繞Servlet設計,將請求發給控制器,然後通過模型物件,分派器來展示請求結果檢視。其中核心類是DispatcherServlet,它是一個Servlet,頂層是實現的Servlet介面。

2、SpringMVC使用

需要在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet。並且需要配置spring監聽器ContextLoaderListener

org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

springmvc

org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

contextConfigLocation

classpath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml

1

springmvc

/

3、SpringMVC執行原理

如圖所示:

流程說明:

(1)客戶端(瀏覽器)傳送請求,直接請求到DispatcherServlet。

(2)DispatcherServlet根據請求資訊呼叫HandlerMapping,解析請求對應的Handler。

(3)解析到對應的Handler後,開始由HandlerAdapter介面卡處理。

(4)HandlerAdapter會根據Handler來呼叫真正的處理器開處理請求,並處理相應的業務邏輯。

(5)處理器處理完業務後,會返回一個ModelAndView物件,Model是返回的資料物件,View是個邏輯上的View。

(6)ViewResolver會根據邏輯View查詢實際的View。

(7)DispaterServlet把返回的Model傳給View。

(8)通過View返回給請求者(瀏覽器)

4、DispatcherServlet詳細解析

首先看下原始碼:

package org.springframework.web.servlet;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")

public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {

public static final String MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "multipartResolver";

public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "localeResolver";

public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "themeResolver";

public static final String HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME = "handlerMapping";

public static final String HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerAdapter";

public static final String HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerExceptionResolver";

public static final String REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME = "viewNameTranslator";

public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "viewResolver";

public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "flashMapManager";

public static final String WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".CONTEXT";

public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".LOCALE_RESOLVER";

public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".THEME_RESOLVER";

public static final String THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".THEME_SOURCE";

public static final String INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".INPUT_FLASH_MAP";

public static final String OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP";

public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".FLASH_MAP_MANAGER";

public static final String EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".EXCEPTION";

public static final String PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY = "org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound";

private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "DispatcherServlet.properties";

protected static final Log pageNotFoundLogger = LogFactory.getLog(PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY);

private static final Properties defaultStrategies;

static {

try {

ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);

defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);

}

catch (IOException ex) {

throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage());

}

}

/** Detect all HandlerMappings or just expect "handlerMapping" bean? */

private boolean detectAllHandlerMappings = true;

/** Detect all HandlerAdapters or just expect "handlerAdapter" bean? */

private boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters = true;

/** Detect all HandlerExceptionResolvers or just expect "handlerExceptionResolver" bean? */

private boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers = true;

/** Detect all ViewResolvers or just expect "viewResolver" bean? */

private boolean detectAllViewResolvers = true;

/** Throw a NoHandlerFoundException if no Handler was found to process this request? **/

private boolean throwExceptionIfNoHandlerFound = false;

/** Perform cleanup of request attributes after include request? */

private boolean cleanupAfterInclude = true;

/** MultipartResolver used by this servlet */

private MultipartResolver multipartResolver;

/** LocaleResolver used by this servlet */

private LocaleResolver localeResolver;

/** ThemeResolver used by this servlet */

private ThemeResolver themeResolver;

/** List of HandlerMappings used by this servlet */

private List handlerMappings;

/** List of HandlerAdapters used by this servlet */

private List handlerAdapters;

/** List of HandlerExceptionResolvers used by this servlet */

private List handlerExceptionResolvers;

/** RequestToViewNameTranslator used by this servlet */

private RequestToViewNameTranslator viewNameTranslator;

private FlashMapManager flashMapManager;

/** List of ViewResolvers used by this servlet */

private List viewResolvers;

public DispatcherServlet() {

super();

}

public DispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext) {

super(webApplicationContext);

}

@Override

protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {

initStrategies(context);

}

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {

initMultipartResolver(context);

initLocaleResolver(context);

initThemeResolver(context);

initHandlerMappings(context);

initHandlerAdapters(context);

initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);

initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);

initViewResolvers(context);

initFlashMapManager(context);

}

}

DispatcherServlet類中的屬性beans:

HandlerMapping:用於handlers對映請求和一系列的對於攔截器的前處理和後處理,大部分用@Controller註解。

HandlerAdapter:幫助DispatcherServlet處理對映請求處理程式的介面卡,而不用考慮實際呼叫的是 哪個處理程式。

HandlerExceptionResolver:處理對映異常。

ViewResolver:根據實際配置解析實際的View型別。

LocaleResolver:解決客戶正在使用的區域設定以及可能的時區,以便能夠提供國際化視野。

ThemeResolver:解決Web應用程式可以使用的主題,例如提供個性化佈局。

MultipartResolver:解析多部分請求,以支援從HTML表單上傳檔案。

FlashMapManager:儲存並檢索可用於將一個請求屬性傳遞到另一個請求的input和output的FlashMap,通常用於重定向。

在Web MVC框架中,每個DispatcherServlet都擁自己的WebApplicationContext,它繼承了ApplicationContext。WebApplicationContext包含了其上下文和Servlet例項之間共享的所有的基礎框架beans。

HandlerMapping:

HandlerMapping介面處理請求的對映

HandlerMapping介面的實現類:

SimpleUrlHandlerMapping類通過配置檔案把URL對映到Controller類。

DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping類通過註解把URL對映到Controller類。

HandlerAdapter:

HandlerAdapter介面-處理請求對映

AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter:通過註解,把請求URL對映到Controller類的方法上。

HandlerExceptionResolver:

HandlerExceptionResolver介面-異常處理介面

SimpleMappingExceptionResolver通過配置檔案進行異常處理。

AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver:通過註解進行異常處理。

ViewResolver:

ViewResolver介面解析View檢視。

UrlBasedViewResolver類 通過配置檔案,把一個檢視名交給到一個View來處理。

最後歡迎大家加入Java技術交流群:894370482驗證:002,群裡有各路大神交流Java技術及問題解答。

相關文章