CocoaPods的安裝以及遇到的坑

weixin_33670713發表於2016-12-08

前幾天安裝cocopods出了些問題,搜尋了才知道,反正各種的坑,於是在網上找了篇部落格,博主寫的很全面,轉載過來收藏,也可以讓跟我有相同經歷的人得到解決方案

以下是正文:

一.CocoaPods是什麼?

CocoaPods是一個用Ruby寫的、負責管理iOS專案中第三方開源庫的工具,CocoaPods能讓我們集中的、統一管理第三方開源庫,為我們節省設定和更新第三方開源庫的時間。

二.CocoaPods的安裝

因為Mac電腦自帶Ruby環境,我們就只需開啟終端開始動手。

(1)、將Ruby 的軟體源替換成國內的

ruby 的軟體源( https://rubygems.org )使用的是亞馬遜的雲服務,所以自帶的需要翻牆,但我們可以使用如下程式碼將官方的 ruby 源替換成國內淘寶的源(https://ruby.taobao.org/ )或者是由 Ruby China 社群專注維護的這個源(https://gems.ruby-china.org/ )。(我在映象的時候開始用的是淘寶的,但會卡死,可能是不能用了,也可能是網速慢,在後面講“坑”的時候會說)。在這我用的是Ruby China 社群專注維護的這個源(https://gems.ruby-china.org/)。

##(注意:複製別人的命令時不要將$也複製,終端是一直自動帶著的)

*首先,執行以下命令刪除原來的ruby源:

gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/

執行命令後可在終端看見以下資訊:

https://rubygems.org/ removed from sources

*然後下一步新增你找到的可用的映象源(這裡我沒有用淘寶的源:https://ruby.taobao.org/ ):

gem sources -a https://gems.ruby-china.org/

*驗證新源是否替換成功

gem sources -l

終端輸出:

*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://gems.ruby-china.org/

到此ruby 源替已經換成國內的源

(2)、開始安裝 CocoaPods

其實就是執行sudo gem install cocoapods命令這麼簡單,但這一步是最容易出現坑的。

=========可能出現的狀況(坑)=========

問題一:While executing gem ... (Errno::EPERM)  Operation not permitted - /usr/bin/fuzzy_match    錯誤

解決方案 :

執行sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods  語句。然後提示gems installed即可。

問題二:Error installing pods:active support requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2

解決方案 :

檢視ruby版本

$ruby -v

終端會輸出你的ruby 版本資訊

檢視目前的所有ruby版本:

$rvm list known

如果提示command not found 請先安裝rvm

$curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

如果已安裝會列出所有的ruby版本:

MRI Rubies

[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]

[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head

[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]

[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]

[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]

[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]

[ruby-]2.1[.8]

[ruby-]2.2[.4]

[ruby-]2.3[.0]

[ruby-]2.2-head

ruby-head

......

安裝2.2.2:

$rvm install 2.2.2

終端執行結果:(如果直接成功請繞過homebrew的解除安裝安裝)

Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.

Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2

Checking requirements for osx.

About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,

type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user)

:

回車:

It appears Homebrew is already installed. If your intent is to reinstall you

should do the following before running this installer again:

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL

"The current contents of /usr/local are .git

Requirements installation failed with status: 1.

出現Requirements installation failed with status: 1.時才執行:

$ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"

解除安裝home-brew

Warning: This script will remove:/Library/Caches/Homebrew//usr/local/.git/

Are you sure you want to uninstall Homebrew? [y/N] y

==> Removing Homebrew installation...

==> Removing empty directories...

==> Homebrew uninstalled!

You may want to restore /usr/local's original permissions

sudo chmod 0755 /usr/local

sudo chgrp wheel /usr/local

再執行:

$ rvm install 2.2.2

提示:

Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.

Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2

Checking requirements for osx.

About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,

type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user):

按回車:

==> This script will install:

/usr/local/bin/brew

/usr/local/Library/...

/usr/local/share/doc/homebrew

/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew

/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew

Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort

==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir /Library/Caches/Homebrew

Password:

這裡需要輸入電腦密碼:

==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Library/Caches/Homebrew

==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown haha /Library/Caches/Homebrew

==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...

remote: Counting objects: 501, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (445/445), done.

remote: Total 501 (delta 29), reused 360 (delta 27), pack-reused 0

Receiving objects: 100% (501/501), 787.83 KiB | 169.00 KiB/s, done.

Resolving deltas: 100% (29/29), done.

From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew

* [new branch]      master    -> origin/master

HEAD is now at 32f7e73 download_strategy: ensure fixed commit hash length

==> Tapping homebrew/core

Cloning into '/usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...

remote: Counting objects: 3714, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3598/3598), done.

remote: Total 3714 (delta 14), reused 2112 (delta 6), pack-reused 0

Receiving objects: 100% (3714/3714), 2.88 MiB | 240.00 KiB/s, done.

Resolving deltas: 100% (14/14), done.

Checking connectivity... done.

Checking out files: 100% (3717/3717), done.

Tapped 3591 formulae (3,740 files, 9.0M)

==> Installation successful!

==> Next steps

Run `brew help` to get started

Further documentation: https://git.io/brew-docs

==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analytics

Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:

https://git.io/brew-analytics

Installing requirements for osx.

Updating system.....

Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, libyaml, readline, libksba, openssl........

Certificates in '/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem' are already up to date.

Requirements installation successful.

ruby-2.2.2 - #configure

ruby-2.2.2 - #download

% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed  Time    Time    Time  Current

Dload  Upload  Total  Spent    Left  Speed

100 6854k  100 6854k    0    0  61342      0  0:01:54  0:01:54 --:--:--  132k

ruby-2.2.2 - #validate archive

ruby-2.2.2 - #extract

ruby-2.2.2 - #validate binary

ruby-2.2.2 - #setup

ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2@global

ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemset /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems..............................

ruby-2.2.2 - #generating global wrappers........

ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2

ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list

ruby-2.2.2 - #generating default wrappers........

Updating certificates in '/etc/openssl/cert.pem'.

mkdir: /etc/openssl: Permission denied

mkdir -p "/etc/openssl" failed, retrying with sudo

haha password required for 'mkdir -p /etc/openssl':

and sudo mkdir worked

至此ruby2.2.2就安裝好了,也可以直接安裝更高的版本,只需將版本號修改一下

然後我們繼續sudo gem install cocoapods

問題三、Setting up CocoaPods master repo 卡著不動

出現Setting up CocoaPods master repo,說明Cocoapods正在將它的資訊下載到 ~/.cocoapods裡;(這一步是很費時間的,等輸出Setup completed 安裝完成啦)

在此過程中可以右擊終端選 --->新建視窗;在新建的終端視窗輸入:

cd ~/.cocoapods

進入cocoa pods檔案,然後在終端輸入:

du -sh *

即可檢視下載的檔案大小。也就可以知道是網速不好,還是源不可用了。

解決方案 :

1、第一次我用淘寶的https://ruby.taobao.org/ 替換自帶的軟體源,du -sh *檢視下載的檔案大小,一直不變(不知道是網速的原因,還是淘寶這個源不可用)。然後我就換到這個源https://gems.ruby-china.org/ 。重新搞了一遍。它的下載速度還是蠻快的,檔案大約是800多兆。

2、也可以使用cocoapods的映象索引.

所有專案的Podspec檔案都託管在https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs ,第一次執行pod setup時,CocoaPods會將這些podspec索引檔案更新到本地的~/.cocoapods目錄下,這個索引檔案比較大,所以第一次更新時非常慢.友好人士在國內的伺服器建立了Cocoapods索引庫的映象,所以執行索引跟新操作時候會快很多.具體操作方法如下:

$ pod repo remove master

$ git clone https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git ~/.cocoapods/repos/master

$ pod repo update

這是使用gitcafe上的映象,將以上程式碼中的 https://gitcafe.com/akuandev/Specs.git 替換成 https://git.oschina.net/akuandev/Specs.git 即可使用oschina上的映象。

問題四、出現如下

[!] An error occurred while performing `git pull` on repo `master`.

[!] /usr/bin/git pull --ff-only

原因: Cocoapods的分支不支援當前最新的Xcode版本

解決辦法: 刪除master分支 重新建立新的分支

sudo rm -fr ~/.cocoapods/repos/master

然後再: pod setup

第五個問題是在別人的部落格中看到的

問題五:解決升級EI Capiton CocoaPods "pod: command not found"

升級OS X EI Capiton之後,發現CocoaPods的pod無效了,執行pod後顯示:"pod: command not found"的錯誤。

解決步驟:

1.為了安全起見,執行命令"sudo gem uninstall cocoapods",解除安裝原有的CocoaPod

2.執行命令"sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods"來重新安裝cocoapod

3.如果沒有許可權執行pod,執行命令"sudo chmod +rx /usr/local/bin/",賦予/usr/local/bin給予執行與讀取許可權

原文連結:http://www.jianshu.com/p/6ff1903c3f11

三、CocoaPods的使用

(1)查詢第三方庫

pod search AFNetworking

(2)、建立Podfile檔案

在終端使用cd +路徑切換到專案所在檔案下,然後輸入:

touch Podfile

就可以在專案目錄裡看到Podfile檔案。也可以使用

pod init

來建立,

開啟Podfile檔案:

open Podfile

然後 pod install就可以了

(3)、 刪除已經配置的類庫和移除CocoaPods

可以去檢視http://www.jianshu.com/p/552f21a989ba?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral 這篇文章。

pod install與pod update區別:

1.使用pod install來安裝新的庫,即使你的工程裡面已經有了Podfile,並且已經執行過pod install命令了;所以即使你是新增或移除庫,都應該使用pod install。

2.使用pod update [PODNAME] 只有在你需要更新庫到更新的版本時候用。

小技巧:

最近使用CocoaPods來新增第三方類庫,無論是執行pod install還是pod update都卡在了Analyzing dependencies不動原因在於當執行以上兩個命令的時候會升級CocoaPods的spec倉庫,加一個引數可以省略這一步,然後速度就會提升不少。加引數的命令如下:

pod install --verbose --no-repo-updatepod update --verbose --no-repo-update

參考資料:http://blog.csdn.net/u012960049/article/details/52275272

http://blog.devtang.com/2014/05/25/use-cocoapod-to-manage-ios-lib-dependency/

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