Mac下安裝LNMP(Nginx+PHP5.6)環境

追憶丶年華發表於2018-01-16

安裝Homebrew

最近工作環境切換到Mac,所以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)為例,記錄一下從零開始安裝Mac下LNMP環境的過程

確保系統已經安裝xcode,然後使用一行命令安裝依賴管理工具Homebrew

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
之後就可以使用

brew install FORMULA
來安裝所需要的依賴了。

brew(意為釀酒)的命名很有意思,全部都使用了釀酒過程中採用的材料/器具,名詞對應以下的概念:

Formula(配方) 程式包定義,本質上是一個rb檔案
Keg(桶)程式包的安裝路徑
Cellar(地窖)所有程式包(桶)的根目錄
Tap(水龍頭)程式包的源
Bottle (瓶子)編譯打包好的程式包
最終編譯安裝完畢的程式就是一桶釀造好的酒

更詳細的資訊參考Homebrew的官方Cookbook

因此使用Homebrew常見的流程是:

增加一個程式源(新增一個水龍頭) brew tap homebrew/php
更新程式源 brew update
安裝程式包(按照配方釀酒) brew install git
檢視配置 brew config 可以看到程式包預設安裝在/usr/local/Cellar下 (酒桶放在地窖內)
安裝PHP5.6(FPM方式)

首先加入Homebrew官方的幾個軟體源

brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php
PHP如果採用預設配置安裝,會編譯mod_php模組並只執行在Apache環境下,為了使用Nginx,這裡需要編譯php-fpm並且禁用apache,主要通過引數--without-fpm --without-apache來實現。完整的安裝指令為

brew install php56 \
--without-snmp \
--without-apache \
--with-debug \
--with-fpm \
--with-intl \
--with-homebrew-curl \
--with-homebrew-libxslt \
--with-homebrew-openssl \
--with-imap \
--with-mysql \
--with-tidy
由於OSX已經自帶了PHP環境,因此需要修改系統路徑,優先執行brew安裝的版本,在~/.bashrc里加入:

export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
如果要安裝新的php擴充套件,可以直接安裝而不用每次重新編譯php,所有的擴充套件可以通過

brew search php56
看到,下面是我自己所需要的擴充套件,可以支援Phalcon框架:

brew install php56-gearman php56-msgpack php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug
PHP-FPM的載入與啟動

安裝完畢後可以通過以下指令啟動和停止php-fpm

php-fpm -D
killall php-fpm
同時可以將php-fpm加入開機啟動

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist
安裝Nginx

brew install nginx
安裝完畢後可以通過

nginx
nginx -s quit
啟動和關閉,同時也支援過載配置檔案等操作

nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
nginx安裝後預設監聽8080埠,可以訪問http://localhost:8080檢視狀態。如果要想監聽80埠需要root許可權,執行

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
並使用root許可權啟動

sudo nginx
開機啟動

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx + PHP-FPM配置

Nginx一般都會執行多個域名,因此這裡參考了@fish的方法,按Ubuntu的資料夾結構來存放Nginx的配置檔案

mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
編輯Nginx全域性配置

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 256;
}


http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
'"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
'"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme '
'$cookie_evalogin';

access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
port_in_redirect off;

include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
這樣一來首先可以把一些可複用配置獨立出來放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下,比如fastcgi的設定就可以獨立出來

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
內容為

location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}
然後/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目錄下可以一個檔案對應一個域名的配置,比如web伺服器目錄是/opt/htdocs

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /opt/htdocs/;

location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}
此時啟動了php-fpm並且啟動了Nginx後,就可以通過http://localhost來執行php程式了

安裝MySQL

brew install mysql
可以通過

mysql.server start
mysql.server stop
來啟動/停止,啟動後預設應為空密碼,可以通過mysqladmin設定一個密碼

mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"
但是在操作的時候出現了空密碼無法登入的情況,最終只能通過mysqld_safe來設定

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
最後將MySQL加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Memcache

brew install memcached
啟動/停止指令

memcached -d
killall memcached
加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Redis

brew install redis
Redis預設配置檔案不允許以Deamon方式執行,因此需要先修改配置檔案

vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
將daemonize修改為yes,然後載入配置檔案即可實現後臺程式啟動

redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
設定別名

最後可以對所有服務的啟動停止設定別名方便操作

vim ~/.bash_profile
加入

alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'
安裝其他專案支援

brew install composer node
安裝Oh My Zsh

brew install zsh-completions
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
vim ~/.zshenv
加入內容

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
然後

vim ~/.zshrc
加入內容

fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit -u
最後執行

rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit
檢視正在使用的shell

dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell
安裝Oh My Zsh

wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh

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