前言:
之前專案中一直使用的Xutils開源框架,從xutils 2.1.5版本使用到最近的xutils 3.0,使用起來也是蠻方便的,只不過最近想著完善一下app中使用的開源框架,由於Xutils裡面包含的東西相對來說比較雜,有資料庫、圖片快取、註解、網路請求等等,秉著一個開源庫只處理一件事的想法,決定逐步替換到Xutils,上網搜了一下比較好的開源框架,就找到了okHttp、volley、android-async-http等比較推薦的開源網路請求,該如何選擇呢?
okHttp相關文章地址:
- Android okHttp網路請求之Get/Post請求
- Android okHttp網路請求之檔案上傳下載
- Android okHttp網路請求之Json解析
- Android okHttp網路請求之快取控制Cache-Control
- Android okHttp網路請求之Retrofit+Okhttp組合
okHttp、volley、android-async-http對比:
- volley是一個簡單的非同步http庫,僅此而已。缺點是不支援同步,這點會限制開發模式;不能post大資料,所以不適合用來上傳檔案
- android-async-http。與volley一樣是非同步網路庫,但volley是封裝的httpUrlConnection,它是封裝的httpClient,而android平臺不推薦用HttpClient了,所以這個庫已經不適合android平臺了。
- okhttp是高效能的http庫,支援同步、非同步,而且實現了spdy、http2、websocket協議,api很簡潔易用,和volley一樣實現了http協議的快取。
okHttp介紹:
通過上面的對比說明,讓你不得不做出明智的選擇,OkHttp是一個相對成熟的解決方案,據說Android4.4的原始碼中可以看到HttpURLConnection已經替換成OkHttp實現了,所以決定選擇採用okhttp。
官網地址:http://square.github.io/okhttp/
官方API地址:http://m.blog.csdn.net/article/details?id=50747352
github原始碼地址:https://github.com/square/okhttp
okHttp主要類:
1.)OkHttpClient.java
2.)Request.java
3.)Call.java
4.)RequestBody.java
5.)Response.java
okHttp使用:
1.)新增引用 build.gradle新增如下
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.2.0'
2.)建立一個RequestManager類接下來以專案中用來的實戰為例
RequestManager.java 全域性屬性解說
private static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_JSON = MediaType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");//mdiatype 這個需要和服務端保持一致 private static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");//mdiatype 這個需要和服務端保持一致 private static final String TAG = RequestManager.class.getSimpleName(); private static final String BASE_URL = "http://xxx.com/openapi";//請求介面根地址 private static volatile RequestManager mInstance;//單利引用 public static final int TYPE_GET = 0;//get請求 public static final int TYPE_POST_JSON = 1;//post請求引數為json public static final int TYPE_POST_FORM = 2;//post請求引數為表單 private OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient;//okHttpClient 例項 private Handler okHttpHandler;//全域性處理子執行緒和M主執行緒通訊
RequestManager.java 建構函式
/** * 初始化RequestManager */ public RequestManager(Context context) { //初始化OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient().newBuilder() .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設定超時時間 .readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設定讀取超時時間 .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設定寫入超時時間 .build(); //初始化Handler okHttpHandler = new Handler(context.getMainLooper()); }
RequestManager.java 獲取單利引用 這裡用到了雙重檢查鎖實現單例
/** * 獲取單例引用 * * @return */ public static RequestManager getInstance(Context context) { RequestManager inst = mInstance; if (inst == null) { synchronized (RequestManager.class) { inst = mInstance; if (inst == null) { inst = new RequestManager(context.getApplicationContext()); mInstance = inst; } } } return inst; }
3.)實現okHttp同步請求
同步請求統一入口
/** * okHttp同步請求統一入口 * @param actionUrl 介面地址 * @param requestType 請求型別 * @param paramsMap 請求引數 */ public void requestSyn(String actionUrl, int requestType, HashMap<String, String> paramsMap) { switch (requestType) { case TYPE_GET: requestGetBySyn(actionUrl, paramsMap); break; case TYPE_POST_JSON: requestPostBySyn(actionUrl, paramsMap); break; case TYPE_POST_FORM: requestPostBySynWithForm(actionUrl, paramsMap); break; } }
okHttp get同步請求
/** * okHttp get同步請求 * @param actionUrl 介面地址 * @param paramsMap 請求引數 */ private void requestGetBySyn(String actionUrl, HashMap<String, String> paramsMap) { StringBuilder tempParams = new StringBuilder(); try { //處理引數 int pos = 0; for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { if (pos > 0) { tempParams.append("&"); } //對引數進行URLEncoder tempParams.append(String.format("%s=%s", key, URLEncoder.encode(paramsMap.get(key), "utf-8"))); pos++; } //補全請求地址 String requestUrl = String.format("%s/%s?%s", BASE_URL, actionUrl, tempParams.toString()); //建立一個請求 Request request = addHeaders().url(requestUrl).build(); //建立一個Call final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request); //執行請求 final Response response = call.execute(); response.body().string(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } }
okHttp post同步請求
/** * okHttp post同步請求 * @param actionUrl 介面地址 * @param paramsMap 請求引數 */ private void requestPostBySyn(String actionUrl, HashMap<String, String> paramsMap) { try { //處理引數 StringBuilder tempParams = new StringBuilder(); int pos = 0; for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { if (pos > 0) { tempParams.append("&"); } tempParams.append(String.format("%s=%s", key, URLEncoder.encode(paramsMap.get(key), "utf-8"))); pos++; } //補全請求地址 String requestUrl = String.format("%s/%s", BASE_URL, actionUrl); //生成引數 String params = tempParams.toString(); //建立一個請求實體物件 RequestBody RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_JSON, params); //建立一個請求 final Request request = addHeaders().url(requestUrl).post(body).build(); //建立一個Call final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request); //執行請求 Response response = call.execute(); //請求執行成功 if (response.isSuccessful()) { //獲取返回資料 可以是String,bytes ,byteStream Log.e(TAG, "response ----->" + response.body().string()); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } }
okHttp post同步請求表單提交
/** * okHttp post同步請求表單提交 * @param actionUrl 介面地址 * @param paramsMap 請求引數 */ private void requestPostBySynWithForm(String actionUrl, HashMap<String, String> paramsMap) { try { //建立一個FormBody.Builder FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder(); for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { //追加表單資訊 builder.add(key, paramsMap.get(key)); } //生成表單實體物件 RequestBody formBody = builder.build(); //補全請求地址 String requestUrl = String.format("%s/%s", BASE_URL, actionUrl); //建立一個請求 final Request request = addHeaders().url(requestUrl).post(formBody).build(); //建立一個Call final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request); //執行請求 Response response = call.execute(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { Log.e(TAG, "response ----->" + response.body().string()); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } }
4.)實現okHttp非同步請求
非同步請求統一入口
/** * okHttp非同步請求統一入口 * @param actionUrl 介面地址 * @param requestType 請求型別 * @param paramsMap 請求引數 * @param callBack 請求返回資料回撥 * @param <T> 資料泛型 **/ public <T> Call requestAsyn(String actionUrl, int requestType, HashMap<String, String> paramsMap, ReqCallBack<T> callBack) { Call call = null; switch (requestType) { case TYPE_GET: call = requestGetByAsyn(actionUrl, paramsMap, callBack); break; case TYPE_POST_JSON: call = requestPostByAsyn(actionUrl, paramsMap, callBack); break; case TYPE_POST_FORM: call = requestPostByAsynWithForm(actionUrl, paramsMap, callBack); break; } return call; }
okHttp get非同步請求
/** * okHttp get非同步請求 * @param actionUrl 介面地址 * @param paramsMap 請求引數 * @param callBack 請求返回資料回撥 * @param <T> 資料泛型 * @return */ private <T> Call requestGetByAsyn(String actionUrl, HashMap<String, String> paramsMap, final ReqCallBack<T> callBack) { StringBuilder tempParams = new StringBuilder(); try { int pos = 0; for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { if (pos > 0) { tempParams.append("&"); } tempParams.append(String.format("%s=%s", key, URLEncoder.encode(paramsMap.get(key), "utf-8"))); pos++; } String requestUrl = String.format("%s/%s?%s", BASE_URL, actionUrl, tempParams.toString()); final Request request = addHeaders().url(requestUrl).build(); final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request); call.enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { failedCallBack("訪問失敗", callBack); Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException { if (response.isSuccessful()) { String string = response.body().string(); Log.e(TAG, "response ----->" + string); successCallBack((T) string, callBack); } else { failedCallBack("伺服器錯誤", callBack); } } }); return call; } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } return null; }
okHttp post非同步請求
/** * okHttp post非同步請求 * @param actionUrl 介面地址 * @param paramsMap 請求引數 * @param callBack 請求返回資料回撥 * @param <T> 資料泛型 * @return */ private <T> Call requestPostByAsyn(String actionUrl, HashMap<String, String> paramsMap, final ReqCallBack<T> callBack) { try { StringBuilder tempParams = new StringBuilder(); int pos = 0; for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { if (pos > 0) { tempParams.append("&"); } tempParams.append(String.format("%s=%s", key, URLEncoder.encode(paramsMap.get(key), "utf-8"))); pos++; } String params = tempParams.toString(); RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_JSON, params); String requestUrl = String.format("%s/%s", BASE_URL, actionUrl); final Request request = addHeaders().url(requestUrl).post(body).build(); final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request); call.enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { failedCallBack("訪問失敗", callBack); Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException { if (response.isSuccessful()) { String string = response.body().string(); Log.e(TAG, "response ----->" + string); successCallBack((T) string, callBack); } else { failedCallBack("伺服器錯誤", callBack); } } }); return call; } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } return null; }
okHttp post非同步請求表單提交
/** * okHttp post非同步請求表單提交 * @param actionUrl 介面地址 * @param paramsMap 請求引數 * @param callBack 請求返回資料回撥 * @param <T> 資料泛型 * @return */ private <T> Call requestPostByAsynWithForm(String actionUrl, HashMap<String, String> paramsMap, final ReqCallBack<T> callBack) { try { FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder(); for (String key : paramsMap.keySet()) { builder.add(key, paramsMap.get(key)); } RequestBody formBody = builder.build(); String requestUrl = String.format("%s/%s", BASE_URL, actionUrl); final Request request = addHeaders().url(requestUrl).post(formBody).build(); final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request); call.enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { failedCallBack("訪問失敗", callBack); Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException { if (response.isSuccessful()) { String string = response.body().string(); Log.e(TAG, "response ----->" + string); successCallBack((T) string, callBack); } else { failedCallBack("伺服器錯誤", callBack); } } }); return call; } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } return null; }
介面ReqCallBack.java實現
public interface ReqCallBack<T> { /** * 響應成功 */ void onReqSuccess(T result); /** * 響應失敗 */ void onReqFailed(String errorMsg); }
5.)如何新增請求頭
/** * 統一為請求新增頭資訊 * @return */ private Request.Builder addHeaders() { Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder() .addHeader("Connection", "keep-alive") .addHeader("platform", "2") .addHeader("phoneModel", Build.MODEL) .addHeader("systemVersion", Build.VERSION.RELEASE) .addHeader("appVersion", "3.2.0"); return builder; }
6.)成功與失敗 回撥處理
成功回撥處理
/** * 統一同意處理成功資訊 * @param result * @param callBack * @param <T> */ private <T> void successCallBack(final T result, final ReqCallBack<T> callBack) { okHttpHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (callBack != null) { callBack.onReqSuccess(result); } } }); }
失敗回撥處理
/** * 統一處理失敗資訊 * @param errorMsg * @param callBack * @param <T> */ private <T> void failedCallBack(final String errorMsg, final ReqCallBack<T> callBack) { okHttpHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (callBack != null) { callBack.onReqFailed(errorMsg); } } }); }
小結:基於上述基本上可以實現http之間的網路通訊,接下來我們來研究如何搞定檔案的上傳和下載。具體實現參考(http://www.cnblogs.com/whoislcj/p/5529827.html)