linux下用C編寫的基於smtp的郵件傳送程式

tanqiuwei發表於2013-12-05

smtp協議原理：http://blog.csdn.net/woshinia/article/details/8994833

我的webf伺服器是動態ip，因此需要檢測伺服器ip的變化然後更新域名的ip，打算檢測到ip變化後自動傳送郵件告知自己，於是上網搜了下程式設計傳送郵件的方法，大部分是基於vc的，我找了個例子修改成了linux下的程式。這個程式是基於smtp協議的，smtp是基於tcp的，有興趣的可以先自己看看smtp協議，這樣看程式會更容易理解。

這個程式目前126的郵箱經測試成功傳送，新浪的雖然顯示傳送成功但是總也收不到，有空再慢慢實驗吧，其他郵箱還未測試。

程式如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>

// Function prototype
void StreamClient(char *szServer, short nPort, char *szMessage);
// Helper macro for displaying errors

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char hostname[255];
int nRet;
short nPort;
nPort =25;
StreamClient("smtp.126.com", nPort, "AUTH LOGIN\r\n");
return 0;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void StreamClient(char *szServer, short nPort, char *szMessage)
{

int sockfd;
char buffer[1024];
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
struct hostent *host;

if((host=gethostbyname(szServer))==NULL)/*取得主機IP地址*/
{
fprintf(stderr,"Gethostname error, %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

if((sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1)/*建立SOCKET連線*/
{
fprintf(stderr,"Socket Error:%s\a\n",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

/* 客戶程式填充服務端的資料 */
bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port=htons(nPort);
server_addr.sin_addr=*((struct in_addr *)host->h_addr);

/* 客戶程式發起連線請求 */
if(connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)(&server_addr),sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1)/*連線網站*/
{
fprintf(stderr,"Connect Error:%s\a\n",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

printf("\nStream Client connecting to server: %s on port: %d",szServer, nPort);

char szBuf[1024];
memset(szBuf,0,1024);
int nRet;
// strcpy(szBuf, "From the Client");
char buf[350]="0";
char server[250];
gethostname(server,250);
strcpy(buf, "HELO ");

strcat(buf, szServer);
strcat(buf, " \r\n");
printf("%s:::%d",buf,strlen(buf));

//
// Wait for a reply
//
nRet = recv(sockfd,szBuf,sizeof(szBuf)+1,0); printf("\nData received OVER DATA: %s", szBuf);

nRet = send(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);printf("\nsend %s",buf);
nRet = recv(sockfd, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf), 0); printf("\nData received2: %s", szBuf);

//傳送準備登陸資訊
nRet = send(sockfd, "AUTH LOGIN\r\n", strlen("AUTH LOGIN\r\n"), 0);
nRet = recv(sockfd, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf), 0); printf("\nData received LOGIN: %s", szBuf);

//傳送使用者名稱和密碼,這裡的使用者名稱和密碼必須用base64進行轉碼,傳送轉碼以後的字串，對於126郵箱來說使用者名稱是@前面的字串
nRet = send(sockfd,"轉碼後的使用者名稱\r\n", strlen("轉碼後的使用者名稱\r\n"),0);printf("\nData Send USERNAME");
nRet = recv(sockfd, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf),0);printf("\nData received USERNAME: %s", szBuf);printf("\nData Send PASS");

//傳送使用者密碼
nRet = send(sockfd,"轉碼後的密碼\r\n", strlen("轉碼後的密碼\r\n"), 0);
//printf("\nData Send PASS");
nRet = recv(sockfd, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf),0); printf("\nData received USERPASSWORD: %s", szBuf);

//傳送[傳送郵件]的信箱(改成你的郵箱!），該郵箱要與使用者名稱一致，否則傳送不成功
send(sockfd,"MAIL FROM: <server_ip_alert@126.com>\r\n",strlen("MAIL FROM: <server_ip_alert@126.com>\r\n"),0);printf("\nsend MAIL FROM\n");
nRet = recv(sockfd, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf), 0);printf("\nData received MAILFROM: %s", szBuf);

//傳送[接收郵件]的郵箱
nRet= send(sockfd,"RCPT TO: <tootoogo@hotmail.com>\r\n",strlen("RCPT TO: <tootoogo@hotmail.com>\r\n"),0);printf("\nsend RCPT TO\r\n");
nRet = recv(sockfd, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf), 0); printf("\nData received TO MAIL: %s", szBuf);
/*
nRet= send(sockfd,"RCPT TO: <server_ip_alert@hotmail.com>\r\n",strlen("RCPT TO: <server_ip_alert@hotmail.com>\r\n"),0);printf("\nsend RCPT TO\r\n");
nRet = recv(sockfd, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf), 0); printf("\nData received TO MAIL: %s", szBuf);
*/
char MailData[] ="From: \"server_ip_alert@sina.com\"<server_ip_alert@sina.com>\r\nTo: tootoogo@hotmail.com\r\nSubject: IP Address\r\n\r\n"; //主題可以改成別的

//各訴郵件伺服器，準備傳送郵件內容

send(sockfd,"DATA\r\n", strlen("DATA\r\n"),0);printf("\nsend DATA\n");
// nRet = recv(sockfd, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf)+1, 0); printf("\nData receivedSEND DATA: %s", szBuf);
//傳送郵件標題
send(sockfd,MailData, strlen(MailData),0);
//傳送郵件內容
send(sockfd,"test!!!!\r\n", strlen("abcdefg\r\n"),0);//我隨便寫了幾個字元進行測試
//傳送郵件結束
send(sockfd,"\r\n.\r\n", strlen("\r\n.\r\n"),0);
//接收郵件伺服器返回資訊
nRet = recv(sockfd,szBuf,sizeof(szBuf),0); printf("\nData received OVER DATA: %s", szBuf);
send(sockfd,"QUIT\r\n", strlen("QUIT\r\n"),0);
nRet = recv(sockfd,szBuf,sizeof(szBuf),0); printf("\nData received QUIT: %s", szBuf);

//
// Display the received data
//
//printf("\nData received3: %s", szBuf);

close(sockfd);
return;
}

1、安裝庫libesmtp-devel

yum install libesmtp-devel
或
apt-get install libesmtp-devel

如果沒法用命令安裝，就上http://www.stafford.uklinux.net/libesmtp/自己下載包安裝。

2、不認證即可發資訊

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <libesmtp.h>

int main() {
    smtp_session_t session;
    smtp_message_t message;
struct sigaction sa;
const smtp_status_t *status;
char buf[128];
    FILE *fp;
/* This program sends only one message at a time. Create an SMTP
       session and add a message to it. */
if( (session = smtp_create_session ()) == NULL){
        fprintf (stderr, "smtp_create_session problem %s\n",
                smtp_strerror (smtp_errno (), buf, sizeof buf));
return 1;
    }
if((message = smtp_add_message (session)) == NULL){
        fprintf (stderr, "smtp_add_message problem %s\n",
                smtp_strerror (smtp_errno (), buf, sizeof buf));
return 1;
    }
/* NB. libESMTP sets timeouts as it progresses through the protocol.
       In addition the remote server might close its socket on a timeout.
       Consequently libESMTP may sometimes try to write to a socket with
       no reader. Ignore SIGPIPE, then the program doesn't get killed
       if/when this happens. */
    sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
    sigemptyset (&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_flags = 0;
    sigaction (SIGPIPE, &sa, NULL); 
/* Set the host running the SMTP server. LibESMTP has a default port
       number of 587, however this is not widely deployed so the port
       is specified as 25 along with the default MTA host. */
    smtp_set_server (session, "127.0.0.1:25");
/* Set the reverse path for the mail envelope. (NULL is ok)
*/
    smtp_set_reverse_path (message, "test@test.com");
/* RFC 2822 doesn't require recipient headers but a To: header would
     * be nice to have if not present. */
    smtp_set_header (message, "To", NULL, NULL);
    smtp_set_header (message, "Subject", " test mail");
    smtp_set_header_option (message, "Subject", Hdr_OVERRIDE, 1);
    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n","smtp_set_server.");
if ((fp = fopen ("test-mail.eml", "r")) == NULL) {
        fprintf (stderr, "can't open mail file: %s\n", strerror (errno));
return (1);
    }
    smtp_set_message_fp (message, fp);
    smtp_add_recipient (message,"yourQQ@qq.com");
/* Initiate a connection to the SMTP server and transfer the
       message. */
if (!smtp_start_session (session)){
        fprintf (stderr, "SMTP server problem %s\n",
                smtp_strerror (smtp_errno (), buf, sizeof buf));
    }
else{
/* Report on the success or otherwise of the mail transfer.
*/
        status = smtp_message_transfer_status (message);
        printf ("%d %s", status->code,
                (status->text != NULL) ? status->text : "\n");
    }
/* Free resources consumed by the program.
*/
    smtp_destroy_session (session);
if(fp != NULL){
        fclose(fp);
    }

return 0;
}

3、把上面的程式碼寫入sendmail.c，並把裡面的"yourQQ@qq.com"替換成你自己的QQ郵箱地址或者其它郵箱地址，然後用下面命令編譯

gcc -std=c99 -Wall `libesmtp-config --cflags`   -o sendmail sendmail.c -lesmtp

4、同目錄下新建test-mail.eml檔案，裡面內容隨便自己填。

5、執行

./sendmail

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