Solana 開發學習之透過RPC與Solana互動

寻月隐君發表於2024-02-22

Solana 開發學習之透過RPC與Solana互動

JSON-RPC 2.0 規範

JSON-RPC 是一種無狀態、輕量級遠端過程呼叫 (RPC) 協議。該規範主要定義了幾種資料結構及其處理規則。它與傳輸無關，因為這些概念可以在同一程序中、透過套接字、透過 http 或在許多不同的訊息傳遞環境中使用。它使用JSON ( RFC 4627 ) 作為資料格式。

介面RPC

節點相關介面

獲取叢集節點資訊

透過getClusterNodes方法可以獲得當前網路內，叢集節點的相關資訊，比如驗證者的key，節點IP，節點版本等。

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
        "method": "getClusterNodes"
    }
    '
    
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"featureSet":3580551090,"gossip":"67.209.54.90:8001","pubkey":"7pbH563fFai2Gm8aXGi27Toj1i7x55rGp7QQ8ZQt6C7i","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":"67.209.54.90:8004","tpuQuic":"67.209.54.90:8010","version":"1.17.21"},{"featureSet":3580551090,"gossip":"37.27.61.250:8000","pubkey":"HPpYXZ944SXpJB3Tb7Zzy2K7YD45zGREsGqPtEP43xBx","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":"37.27.61.250:8003","tpuQuic":"37.27.61.250:8009","version":"1.17.22"},

......
{"featureSet":3011420684,"gossip":"69.197.5.60:8001","pubkey":"FKizb2faoz57ym1bTWcZhei3aUZu7eU5AiY1EYoZsok6","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":null,"tpuQuic":null,"version":"1.17.5"}],"id":1}

區塊相關介面

獲取當前區塊高度

透過getBlockHeight可以獲取當前的區塊高度

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getblockheight

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}

獲取最近的Block Hash

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getlatestblockhash

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}

獲取指定高度block的資訊

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getblock

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlock",
        "params": [
            174302734,
            {
                "encoding": "jsonParsed",
                "maxSupportedTransactionVersion":0,
                "transactionDetails":"full",
                "rewards":false
            }
        ]
    }
    '

獲取指定block的確認狀態

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getblockcommitment

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
        "method": "getBlockCommitment",
        "params":[174302734]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"commitment":null,"totalStake":158091345604635247},"id":1}

一次性獲取多個Block的資訊

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getblocks

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
        "method": "getBlocks",
        "params": [
            174302734, 174302735
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[174302734,174302735],"id":1}

分頁獲取Block

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getblockswithlimit

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id":1,
    "method":"getBlocksWithLimit",
    "params":[174302734, 3]
  }
'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[174302734,174302735,174302736],"id":1}

Slot和Epoch相關介面

獲取當前Epoch資訊

epoch在一般POS中比較常見，表示這個週期內，一些參與驗證的節點資訊是固定的，如果有新節點或者節點權重變更，將在下一個epoch中生效。

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getepochinfo

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getEpochInfo"}
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"absoluteSlot":280331471,"blockHeight":268627796,"epoch":648,"slotIndex":395471,"slotsInEpoch":432000,"transactionCount":13011134475},"id":1}

獲取Epoch的排程資訊

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getepochschedule

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getEpochSchedule"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"firstNormalEpoch":0,"firstNormalSlot":0,"leaderScheduleSlotOffset":432000,"slotsPerEpoch":432000,"warmup":false},"id":1}

獲取最新Slot

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getslot

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
        {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getSlot"}
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":280333661,"id":1}

賬號相關介面

獲取Account資訊

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getaccountinfo

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "id": 1,
        "method": "getAccountInfo",
        "params": [
            "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD",
            {
                "encoding": "base58",
                "commitment": "finalized"
            }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280334128},"value":{"data":["","base58"],"executable":false,"lamports":1984429840,"owner":"11111111111111111111111111111111","rentEpoch":18446744073709551615,"space":0}},"id":1}

"executable"表示是否為可執行合約

"lamports"表示餘額，這裡精度*10^9

所有普通賬號的Owner都是系統根賬號： "11111111111111111111111111111111"

獲取賬號餘額

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getbalance

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
        "method": "getBalance",
        "params": [
            "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD"
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280334989},"value":1984429840},"id":1}

獲取某個合約管理的所有Account

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/getprogramaccounts

curl  https://api.devnet.solana.com  -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
        {
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "id": 1,
            "method": "getProgramAccounts",
            "params": [
            "namesLPneVptA9Z5rqUDD9tMTWEJwofgaYwp8cawRkX",
            {
                "encoding": "jsonParsed",
                "filters": [
                {
                    "dataSize": 128
                }
                ]
            }
            ]
        }
    '

SPL-Token相關介面

獲取某個Token Account賬號的餘額

curl  https://api.devnet.solana.com  -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
        {
            "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
            "method": "getTokenAccountBalance",
            "params": [
                "HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh"
            ]
        }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280346391},"value":{"amount":"90000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":90.0,"uiAmountString":"90"}},"id":1}

交易相關介面

返回分類賬中的當前交易計數

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/gettransactioncount

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getTransactionCount"}
'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":13011550533,"id":1}

返回已確認交易的交易詳細資訊

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/http/gettransaction

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 1,
    "method": "getTransaction",
    "params": [
      "4jbcoJYS6ZGPcUmHpqTnxeLHfQxvUqQQnzgoJCgWWA1LpKkKWRA5y2FZ7rDQ2v4NBBcuUJqh37A9p92mvbTmS6iY",
      "json"
    ]
  }
'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"blockTime":1708498774,"meta":{"computeUnitsConsumed":26670,"err":null,"fee":5000,"innerInstructions":[{"index":0,"instructions":[{"accounts":[6],"data":"84eT","programIdIndex":4,"stackHeight":2},{"accounts":[0,2],"data":"11119os1e9qSs2u7TsThXqkBSRVFxhmYaFKFZ1waB2X7armDmvK3p5GmLdUxYdg3h7QSrL","programIdIndex":3,"stackHeight":2},{"accounts":[2],"data":"P","programIdIndex":4,"stackHeight":2},{"accounts":[2,6],"data":"6dE9a3kQ4bw3BRvx61TGMGrZBgsnwYEPx2MMEsN75K3Ui","programIdIndex":4,"stackHeight":2}]}],"loadedAddresses":{"readonly":[],"writable":[]},"logMessages":["Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL invoke [1]","Program log: CreateIdempotent","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA invoke [2]","Program log: Instruction: GetAccountDataSize","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA consumed 1595 of 394517 compute units","Program return: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA pQAAAAAAAAA=","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA success","Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [2]","Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success","Program log: Initialize the associated token account","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA invoke [2]","Program log: Instruction: InitializeImmutableOwner","Program log: Please upgrade to SPL Token 2022 for immutable owner support","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA consumed 1405 of 387904 compute units","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA success","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA invoke [2]","Program log: Instruction: InitializeAccount3","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA consumed 4214 of 384020 compute units","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA success","Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL consumed 20498 of 400000 compute units","Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL success","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA invoke [1]","Program log: Instruction: TransferChecked","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA consumed 6172 of 379502 compute units","Program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA success"],"postBalances":[1984429840,2039280,2039280,1,934087680,731913600,1461600,10000000],"postTokenBalances":[{"accountIndex":1,"mint":"E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","owner":"6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD","programId":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","uiTokenAmount":{"amount":"90000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":90.0,"uiAmountString":"90"}},{"accountIndex":2,"mint":"E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","owner":"H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k","programId":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","uiTokenAmount":{"amount":"10000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":10.0,"uiAmountString":"10"}}],"preBalances":[1986474120,2039280,0,1,934087680,731913600,1461600,10000000],"preTokenBalances":[{"accountIndex":1,"mint":"E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","owner":"6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD","programId":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","uiTokenAmount":{"amount":"100000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":100.0,"uiAmountString":"100"}}],"rewards":[],"status":{"Ok":null}},"slot":280114248,"transaction":{"message":{"accountKeys":["6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD","HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh","HY1GfCQabyUMFRGpDu3eFoVW3ny8ifHKVZ8LbvzbDPsK","11111111111111111111111111111111","TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL","E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k"],"header":{"numReadonlySignedAccounts":0,"numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts":5,"numRequiredSignatures":1},"instructions":[{"accounts":[0,2,7,6,3,4],"data":"2","programIdIndex":5,"stackHeight":null},{"accounts":[1,6,2,0],"data":"g7c6qhYoikLGp","programIdIndex":4,"stackHeight":null}],"recentBlockhash":"4Y34ks76nadvQXmcbFAX1XmkegHHsQMA1sM4cA3CqYL9"},"signatures":["4jbcoJYS6ZGPcUmHpqTnxeLHfQxvUqQQnzgoJCgWWA1LpKkKWRA5y2FZ7rDQ2v4NBBcuUJqh37A9p92mvbTmS6iY"]}},"id":1}

推送RPC

accountSubscribe : 訂閱Account的變化，比如lamports
logsSubscribe : 訂閱交易的日誌
programSubscribe ：訂閱合約Account的變化
signatureSubscribe : 訂閱簽名狀態變化
slotSubscribe : 訂閱slot的變化

每個事件，還有對應的Unsubscribe動作，取消訂閱。將上面的Subscribe替換成Unsubscribe即可。

安裝wscat

npm install -g ws wscat

建立連線

wscat -c wss://api.devnet.solana.com

https://websocketking.com/
https://solana.com/docs/rpc/websocket

訂閱合約所屬於Account事件

{
        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "id": 1,
        "method": "programSubscribe",
        "params": [
            "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",
            {
            "encoding": "jsonParsed"
            }
        ]
    }

練習

透過curl和wscat命令列來模擬一個監視錢包動作

建立賬號

SOL賬號： 6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD
SPL-Token(Mint Account): E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx
Token Account: HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh

實時展示餘額變化（訂閱SOL餘額變化）

https://solana.com/docs/rpc/websocket/accountsubscribe

獲取1sol

solana airdrop 1
Requesting airdrop of 1 SOL

Signature: 4ZWQHwNYVWcs6THZ5A3C6ccHfovJi3HVgZ55LV8NAcZA95iLjyX9Ey6cUnGV7T4JnZnv97443kQ94pKkDG4x7K7Y

2.98442984 SOL

訂閱Account變化

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "accountSubscribe",
  "params": [
    "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD",
    {
      "encoding": "jsonParsed",
      "commitment": "finalized"
    }
  ]
}

列出已知SPL-Token的餘額

spl-token balance E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx
90

獲取SPL-Token下有多少 Token Account:

curl  https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
        {
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "id": 1,
            "method": "getTokenAccountsByOwner",
            "params": [
            "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD",
            {
                "mint": "E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx"
            },
            {
                "encoding": "jsonParsed"
            }
            ]
        }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280355742},"value":[{"account":{"data":{"parsed":{"info":{"isNative":false,"mint":"E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx","owner":"6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD","state":"initialized","tokenAmount":{"amount":"90000000000","decimals":9,"uiAmount":90.0,"uiAmountString":"90"}},"type":"account"},"program":"spl-token","space":165},"executable":false,"lamports":2039280,"owner":"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA","rentEpoch":18446744073709551615,"space":165},"pubkey":"HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh"}]},"id":1}

實時展示SPL-Token餘額變化

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "accountSubscribe",
  "params": [
    "HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh",
    {
      "encoding": "jsonParsed",
      "commitment": "finalized"
    }
  ]
}

轉賬交易

spl-token transfer --fund-recipient E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx 1 H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k
Transfer 1 tokens
  Sender: HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh
  Recipient: H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k
  Recipient associated token account: HY1GfCQabyUMFRGpDu3eFoVW3ny8ifHKVZ8LbvzbDPsK

Signature: 4WeFPgn7VGbXVqgmtspeKYm38PE9NqxjFfXxZg9QAiy8f5Um7Q3n8hWgiGnzV3SBXdQ7SHGVF22X2pTxpQbwTwGU


spl-token transfer --fund-recipient E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx 1 H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k
Transfer 1 tokens
  Sender: HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh
  Recipient: H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k
  Recipient associated token account: HY1GfCQabyUMFRGpDu3eFoVW3ny8ifHKVZ8LbvzbDPsK

Signature: 5gamUZFLAiXraD3DCQ9XEyaqodDX6iQuvLqapyeLokbdot4HAQEqUvBndXgr1uXa6owcR5YaG7BT5i5d6bEQUMwv

注意：轉賬2次，第一次監聽連線斷開故沒有監控到。

查詢餘額

spl-token balance E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx
88

websocket 監控收到

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "accountNotification",
  "params": {
    "result": {
      "context": {
        "slot": 280357854
      },
      "value": {
        "lamports": 2039280,
        "data": {
          "program": "spl-token",
          "parsed": {
            "info": {
              "isNative": false,
              "mint": "E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx",
              "owner": "6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD",
              "state": "initialized",
              "tokenAmount": {
                "amount": "88000000000",
                "decimals": 9,
                "uiAmount": 88,
                "uiAmountString": "88"
              }
            },
            "type": "account"
          },
          "space": 165
        },
        "owner": "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",
        "executable": false,
        "rentEpoch": 18446744073709552000,
        "space": 165
      }
    },
    "subscription": 601464
  }
}

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Solana 開發學習之透過RPC與Solana互動

Solana 開發學習之透過RPC與Solana互動

相關連結

JSON-RPC 2.0 規範

介面RPC

節點相關介面

獲取叢集節點資訊

區塊相關介面

獲取當前區塊高度

獲取最近的Block Hash

獲取指定高度block的資訊

獲取指定block的確認狀態

一次性獲取多個Block的資訊

分頁獲取Block

Slot和Epoch相關介面

獲取當前Epoch資訊

獲取Epoch的排程資訊

獲取最新Slot

賬號相關介面

獲取Account資訊

獲取賬號餘額

獲取某個合約管理的所有Account

SPL-Token相關介面

獲取某個Token Account賬號的餘額

交易相關介面

返回分類賬中的當前交易計數

返回已確認交易的交易詳細資訊

推送RPC

訂閱合約所屬於Account事件

練習

建立賬號

實時展示餘額變化（訂閱SOL餘額變化）

獲取1sol

訂閱Account變化

列出已知SPL-Token的餘額

實時展示SPL-Token餘額變化

轉賬交易

查詢餘額

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