1.開發中如何使用NSTimer
1. self.timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(timerFired) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];複製程式碼
2. self.timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(timerFired) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
[[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] addTimer:self.timer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
複製程式碼
這兩個方法是等價的,區別是第一個方法預設建立了一個NSTimer並自動新增到了當前執行緒的Runloop中去,第二個需要我們手動新增。如果當前執行緒是主執行緒的話,某些UI事件,比如UIScrollView的拖拽操作,會將Runloop切換成UITrackingRunLoopMode,這時候,預設的NSDefaultRunLoopMode模式中註冊的事件是不會被執行的。所以為了設定一個不會被UI干擾的Timer,我們需要手動將timer的當前RunloopMode設定為NSRunLoopCommonModes,這個模式等效於NSDefaultRunLoopMode和UITrackingRunLoopMode的結合。
2.NSTimer無法釋放的原因分析
上面的使用方法是沒問題的,但是大家在使用過程中一定遇到過因使用了NSTimer,導致所在的UIViewController記憶體洩漏的問題,這種原因是怎麼出現的呢?
其中許多人都認為是UIViewController和NSTimer迴圈引用的問題,彼此強引用,導致了彼此無法釋放,那麼問題真的是這樣嗎?
驗證如下:
NSTimer *timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(timerFired) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; [[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] addTimer:timer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes]; //結果:將NSTimer設定成區域性變數,你會發現兩者仍釋放不了。複製程式碼
- 將self設定成弱引用,又會是什麼現象呢?
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self; NSTimer *timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:weakSelf selector:@selector(timerFired) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; [[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] addTimer:timer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes]; //結果:兩者仍然無法釋放。複製程式碼
如果我們將target強制釋放,強制破壞迴圈引用呢?
TimerAction *Test = [TimerAction new]; NSTimer *timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:Test selector:@selector(test) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; [[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] addTimer:timer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes]; CFRelease((__bridge CFTypeRef)(Test)); //結果:Test順利釋放,但Timer仍在執行。並且在Timer觸發事件時崩潰複製程式碼
在timer建立後面斷點,檢視執行的時候記憶體圖
結果:其實只有timer單向的指向target,target並未指向timer,是因為timer執行的時候釋放不了,導致被強引用的target也無法釋放。並非迴圈引用導致不釋放。
3.解決NSTimer的記憶體洩漏問題
一般呢解決NSTimer的記憶體洩漏問題,通常有兩種方法,第一種是找對合適的時機釋放NSTimer,通常人們會想到兩個呼叫時機。
-(void)dealloc { [self.timer invalidate]; } //NSTimer,通常人們會想到兩個呼叫時機。 複製程式碼
-(void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillDisappear:animated]; [self.timer invalidate]; } //這種情況是可以解決迴圈引用的問題,記憶體可以釋放,但是又會引來新的問題,當導航控制器push到下一個頁面時,當前VC並沒有被釋放,這時候我們可能並不想銷燬NSTimer,我們通常希望VC該銷燬的時候,同時銷燬NSTimer,所以呼叫invalidate方法的時機很難找複製程式碼
那麼就是第二種了,想辦法破除強引用,讓NSTimer和VC同生共死,這種方法呢也有兩種方式
1.使用block的方式:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
typedef void(^JSTimerBlcok)(NSTimer *timer);
@interface NSTimer (Category)
+ (NSTimer *)js_scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeInterval executeBlock:(JSTimerBlcok)block repeats:(BOOL)repeats;
@end
#import "NSTimer+Category.h"
@implementation NSTimer (Category)
+(NSTimer *)js_scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeInterval executeBlock:(JSTimerBlcok)block repeats:(BOOL)repeats
{
NSTimer *timer = [self scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:timeInterval target:self selector:@selector(js_executeTimer:) userInfo:[block copy] repeats:repeats];
return timer;
}
+(void)js_executeTimer:(NSTimer *)timer
{
JSTimerBlcok block = timer.userInfo;
if (block) {
block(timer);
}
}
@end
使用案例: - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self; self.timer = [NSTimer js_scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 executeBlock:^(NSTimer *timer){ __strong typeof(weakSelf) strongSelf = weakSelf; [strongSelf timerFired:timer]; } repeats:YES]; }複製程式碼
2.使用NSProxy來初始化一個子類,這裡我們直接用YYWeakProcy
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface YYWeakProxy : NSProxy
@property (nullable, nonatomic, weak, readonly) id target;
- (instancetype)initWithTarget:(id)target;
+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
#import "YYWeakProxy.h"
@implementation YYWeakProxy
- (instancetype)initWithTarget:(id)target {
_target = target;
return self;
}
+ (instancetype)proxyWithTarget:(id)target {
return [[YYWeakProxy alloc] initWithTarget:target];
}
- (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)selector {
return _target;
}
- (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)invocation {
void *null = NULL;
[invocation setReturnValue:&null];
}
- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)selector {
return [NSObject instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:@selector(init)];
}
- (BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL)aSelector {
return [_target respondsToSelector:aSelector];
}
- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object {
return [_target isEqual:object];
}
- (NSUInteger)hash {
return [_target hash];
}
- (Class)superclass {
return [_target superclass];
}
- (Class)class {
return [_target class];
}
- (BOOL)isKindOfClass:(Class)aClass {
return [_target isKindOfClass:aClass];
}
- (BOOL)isMemberOfClass:(Class)aClass {
return [_target isMemberOfClass:aClass];
}
- (BOOL)conformsToProtocol:(Protocol *)aProtocol {
return [_target conformsToProtocol:aProtocol];
}
- (BOOL)isProxy {
return YES;
}
- (NSString *)description {
return [_target description];
}
- (NSString *)debugDescription {
return [_target debugDescription];
}
@end
使用案例:
- (void)initTimer {
YYWeakProxy *proxy = [YYWeakProxy proxyWithTarget:self];
_timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:0.1 target:proxy selector:@selector(tick:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
}
//至於具體的原理,讓NSTimer定時中的方法由YYWeakProxy轉發給VC執行.但是NStimer持有的卻不是VC.這樣就不會迴圈引用.複製程式碼
4.開發中如何建立更精確的定時器
大家應該知道,NSTimer的精確度一般能達到1ms,也就是小於1毫秒時,誤差會很大,那麼如何建立一個誤差很小,甚至沒有誤差的定時器呢
納秒級精度的Timer
#include <mach mach.h=""> #include <mach mach_time.h=""> static const uint64_t NANOS_PER_USEC = 1000ULL; static const uint64_t NANOS_PER_MILLISEC = 1000ULL * NANOS_PER_USEC; static const uint64_t NANOS_PER_SEC = 1000ULL * NANOS_PER_MILLISEC; static mach_timebase_info_data_t timebase_info; static uint64_t nanos_to_abs(uint64_t nanos) { return nanos * timebase_info.denom / timebase_info.numer; } void waitSeconds(int seconds) { mach_timebase_info(&timebase_info); uint64_t time_to_wait = nanos_to_abs(seconds * NANOS_PER_SEC); uint64_t now = mach_absolute_time(); mach_wait_until(now + time_to_wait); }</mach></mach> //理論上這是iPhone上最精準的定時器,可以達到納秒級別的精度複製程式碼
CADisplayLink
CADisplayLink * displayLink = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:self selector:@selector(logInfo)]; [displayLink addToRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes]; //CADisplayLink是一個頻率能達到螢幕重新整理率的定時器類。iPhone螢幕重新整理頻率為60幀/秒,也就是說最小間隔可以達到1/60s。複製程式碼
GCD定時器
NSTimeInterval interval = 1.0; _timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0)); dispatch_source_set_timer(_timer, dispatch_walltime(NULL, 0), interval * NSEC_PER_SEC, 0); dispatch_source_set_event_handler(_timer, ^{ NSLog(@"GCD timer test"); }); dispatch_resume(_timer); //RunLoop是dispatch_source_t實現的timer,所以理論上來說,GCD定時器的精度比NSTimer只高不低。複製程式碼
參考資料: