開發和測試需要哪些步驟？

What steps are needed to develop and run software tests?
The following are some of the steps to consider:

需要考慮下面步驟：

• Obtain requirements, functional design, and internal design specifications and other necessary documents

      獲得需求、功能設計和詳細地設計說明書和其他必要的文件；

• Obtain budget and schedule requirements

      確定預算和進度表；

• Determine project-related personnel and their responsibilities, reporting requirements, required standards and processes (such as release processes, change processes, etc.)

      確定專案相關人員和他們的職責，彙報需求、必要的標準和步驟（例如：發行步  驟、變更過程）

• Determine project context, relative to the existing quality culture of the organization and business, and how it might impact testing scope, aproaches, and methods.

      確定專案計劃，公司和業務中已經存在的質量規範，以及可能對測試範圍、方法和步驟產生影響的因素；

• Identify application's higher-risk aspects, set priorities, and determine scope and limitations of tests

      識別應用程式中高風險的方面，設定優先順序和確定測試範圍和侷限性； 

• Determine test approaches and methods - unit, integration, functional, system, load, usability tests, etc.

     確定測試方法和步驟－單元測試、繼承測試、功能測試、系統測試、壓力測試、可用性測試等等；

• Determine test environment requirements (hardware, software, communications, etc.)

      確定測試環境需求（軟、硬體、通訊等）；

• Determine testware requirements (record/playback tools, coverage analyzers, test tracking, problem/bug tracking, etc.)

     確定測試工具（記錄/回放工具、覆蓋率分析、測試跟蹤、缺陷/問題跟蹤工具等）；

• Determine test input data requirements

     確定測試輸入資料需求；

• Identify tasks, those responsible for tasks, and labor requirements

     確定任務，任務相關人員並分工；

• Set schedule estimates, timelines, milestones

      設定評估進度表、時間線和里程碑；

• Determine input equivalence classes, boundary value analyses, error classes

      確定輸入等價類、邊界值分析和錯誤分類；

• Prepare test plan document and have needed reviews/approvals

      編寫測試計劃文件並經過評審/批准； 

• Write test cases

      設計測試用例；

• Have needed reviews/inspections/approvals of test cases

      有必要對測試用例進行評審/審查/批准；

• Prepare test environment and testware, obtain needed user manuals/reference documents/configuration guides/installation guides, set up test tracking processes, set up logging and archiving processes, set up or obtain test input data

     準備測試環境和測試工具，獲得必要的使用者手冊/參考文件/配置嚮導/安裝手冊，建立測試跟蹤流程、建立日誌和存檔流程、設計或獲得測試輸入資料；

• Obtain and install software releases

      獲得可安裝的發行軟體版本；

• Perform tests

      執行測試；

• Evaluate and report results

      評估和報告測試結果；

• Track problems/bugs and fixes

      跟蹤問題/bug 和修改過程；

• Retest as needed

      必要的迴歸測試；

• Maintain and update test plans, test cases, test environment, and testware through life cycle

     在整個軟體生命週期中，維護和升級測試計劃、測試用例、測試環境和測試工具。