在大家都瞭解過Android View的測量、佈局、繪製機制後,我們來細化地分析一下關於View的重繪invalidate與更新requestLayout
現象
public class CustomEmptyView extends View {
public CustomEmptyView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public CustomEmptyView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
public CustomEmptyView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
Log.i("CustomEmptyView", "onMeasure");
}
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
Log.i("CustomEmptyView", "onLayout");
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
Log.i("CustomEmptyView", "onDraw");
}
}
複製程式碼
從View的繪製機制可知,View從測量、佈局、繪製的步驟中會對應執行該View#onMeasure()、View#onLayout()、View#onDraw()。那麼我們今天討論的View#invalidate()和View#requestLayout()呢?我們列印一下資料。
View#invalidate()的執行步驟是:
2019-03-26 17:32:34.739 8075-8075/com.example.myapplication I/CustomEmptyView: onDraw
複製程式碼
View#requestLayout()的執行步驟是:
2019-03-26 17:33:13.497 8075-8075/com.example.myapplication I/CustomEmptyView: onMeasure
2019-03-26 17:33:13.501 8075-8075/com.example.myapplication I/CustomEmptyView: onLayout
2019-03-26 17:33:13.503 8075-8075/com.example.myapplication I/CustomEmptyView: onDraw
複製程式碼
從列印資料來推測就是View#invalidate()只會執行View#onDraw();而View#requestLayout()則會重新走View的繪製流程。接下來我們從原始碼的角度來分析一下。 下面的原始碼分析基於android-28
View#requestLayout()
我們分析一下View#requestLayout()。我們定位到對應的原始碼
/**
* Call this when something has changed which has invalidated the
* layout of this view. This will schedule a layout pass of the view
* tree. This should not be called while the view hierarchy is currently in a layout
* pass ({@link #isInLayout()}. If layout is happening, the request may be honored at the
* end of the current layout pass (and then layout will run again) or after the current
* frame is drawn and the next layout occurs.
*
* 當某內容發生更改,導致該檢視的佈局重繪時呼叫此函式。這將安排檢視樹的佈局傳遞。
* 當檢視層次結構當前處於佈局Layout事件時,不會執行該函式.
* 如果正在進行佈局,可以在當前佈局傳遞結束時(然後佈局將再次執行)或在繪製當前幀並執行下一個佈局之後執行請求。
* <p>Subclasses which override this method should call the superclass method to
* handle possible request-during-layout errors correctly.</p>
*/
@CallSuper
public void requestLayout() {
if (mMeasureCache != null) mMeasureCache.clear();
if (mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout == null) {
// Only trigger request-during-layout logic if this is the view requesting it,
// not the views in its parent hierarchy
ViewRootImpl viewRoot = getViewRootImpl();
// 該方法不在佈局事件期間中執行
if (viewRoot != null && viewRoot.isInLayout()) {
if (!viewRoot.requestLayoutDuringLayout(this)) {
return;
}
}
mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout = this;
}
// PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT會在執行View的measure()和layout()方法時判斷,這個是以前的文章看到的。
// 但是在當前原始碼的View.class和ViewRootImpl.class,全域性搜尋PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT,並沒有直接的判斷,導致View#requestLayout()不執行測量和佈局方法
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_INVALIDATED;
// isLayoutRequested()對應是mLayoutRequested欄位,該欄位在預設為false
if (mParent != null && !mParent.isLayoutRequested()) {
// 執行父容器的requestLayout()方法
mParent.requestLayout();
}
if (mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout == this) {
mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout = null;
}
}
複製程式碼
當我們點選ViewGroup#requestLayout(),發現它是一個空實現,我們可知ViewParent是interface類,我們通過之前的View的分析,可以去ViewRootImpl類看看ViewGroup#requestLayout()的實現方法。
@Override
public void requestLayout() {
// mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest這個引數,通過全域性變數定位,在performLayout()開始時為true,結束時為false,與之前說的,不在佈局期間執行相對應
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
// 檢查是否UI執行緒
checkThread();
// 這裡將mLayoutRequested設為true
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
mChoreographer.postCallback(
Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
}
notifyRendererOfFramePending();
pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
}
}
複製程式碼
看到scheduleTraversals(),我相信大家都覺得快觸控到真相,但是發現點選該方法裡的實現,並不能找到我們想要的,此時我們想一下之前的列印資料,View#requestLayout()會重新執行View的繪製步驟,View的繪製步驟最核心是ViewRootImpl#performTraverals,按照這個思路我們繼續尋找。
從上面的原始碼中,我們看到mChoreographer這個物件,我們曾經在分析滑動流程度的時候,提及過Choreographer編舞者這個物件,我們最後從mChoreographer這個物件中的mTraversalRunnable引數找到線索。
final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
doTraversal();
}
}
final TraversalRunnable mTraversalRunnable = new TraversalRunnable();
void doTraversal() {
if (mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = false;
mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
if (mProfile) {
Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
}
performTraversals();
if (mProfile) {
Debug.stopMethodTracing();
mProfile = false;
}
}
}
複製程式碼
最終我們發現mTraversalRunnable這個是一個Runnable物件,在scheduleTraversals()中傳入mTraversalRunnable,就會執行doTraversal(),在doTraversal()中我們也如願地找到我們想要的核心方法ViewRootImpl#performTraverals().當呼叫ViewRootImpl#performTraverals就重新開始該控制元件的測量、佈局、繪製步驟。符合了我們一開始的列印資料。
View#invalidate()
接著我們看一下View#invalidate的原始碼。
/**
* Invalidate the whole view. If the view is visible,
* 重繪整個View,如果View是可視的。
* {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)} will be called at some point in
* the future.
* <p>
* This must be called from a UI thread. To call from a non-UI thread, call
* {@link #postInvalidate()}.
* 這個方法必須被使用在UI執行緒,用在非UI執行緒的方法為postInvalidate()
*/
public void invalidate() {
invalidate(true);
}
/**
* This is where the invalidate() work actually happens. A full invalidate()
* causes the drawing cache to be invalidated, but this function can be
* called with invalidateCache set to false to skip that invalidation step
* for cases that do not need it (for example, a component that remains at
* the same dimensions with the same content).
* 這就是invalidate()方法工作發生的地方,一個完整的invalidate()方法會引起繪製
* 快取失效,但是這個函式能設定引數invalidateCache為false來跳過重繪步驟,由於
* 該方法不被需要,例如一個元件保持相同的尺寸和相同的內容
*
* @param invalidateCache Whether the drawing cache for this view should be
* invalidated as well. This is usually true for a full
* invalidate, but may be set to false if the View's contents or
* dimensions have not changed.
* 這繪製快取是否應被重繪.一個完整的重繪通常為true,但是可能設定為false,如果View的內容和尺寸沒有被改變。
*
* @hide
*/
public void invalidate(boolean invalidateCache) {
invalidateInternal(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop, invalidateCache, true);
}
void invalidateInternal(int l, int t, int r, int b, boolean invalidateCache,
boolean fullInvalidate) {
// 暫不見賦值,從下面的方法中,得出他是一個被捨棄的方法,可以跳過
if (mGhostView != null) {
mGhostView.invalidate(true);
return;
}
// 跳過重繪。從方法描述可知,該方法判斷該View不被重繪,當它處於不可見和沒有處於動畫中
if (skipInvalidate()) {
return;
}
// 這裡大量的引數對比,應該就是上面所說的判斷座標位置有沒發生變化,如果發生了變化就標識為需要重繪
if ((mPrivateFlags & (PFLAG_DRAWN | PFLAG_HAS_BOUNDS)) == (PFLAG_DRAWN | PFLAG_HAS_BOUNDS)
|| (invalidateCache && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAWING_CACHE_VALID) == PFLAG_DRAWING_CACHE_VALID)
|| (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_INVALIDATED) != PFLAG_INVALIDATED
|| (fullInvalidate && isOpaque() != mLastIsOpaque)) {
if (fullInvalidate) {
mLastIsOpaque = isOpaque();
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DRAWN;
}
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_DIRTY;
// 如果需要全部重繪,invalidate()未傳參呼叫時預設為true
if (invalidateCache) {
// 記住這個PFLAG_INVALIDATED標誌位
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_INVALIDATED;
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DRAWING_CACHE_VALID;
}
// Propagate the damage rectangle to the parent view.
// 從下面引數mParent可知,應該是將需要重繪這個事件通知給父容器
final AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
final ViewParent p = mParent;
if (p != null && ai != null && l < r && t < b) {
final Rect damage = ai.mTmpInvalRect;
damage.set(l, t, r, b);
// 這個就是重點,我們去看一下父容器的invalidateChild()方法
p.invalidateChild(this, damage);
}
// Damage the entire projection receiver, if necessary.
if (mBackground != null && mBackground.isProjected()) {
final View receiver = getProjectionReceiver();
if (receiver != null) {
receiver.damageInParent();
}
}
}
}
複製程式碼
從上面的分析可知,經過invalidate()的過載方法,最終會呼叫invalidateInternal(),在這個方法裡頭,要判斷是否需要重繪,如果需要重繪,就對該View進行標識,然後將該View的Rect資訊傳遞給父容器的invalidateChild().
與之前的View#requestLayout()相似,最終同樣是執行ViewRootImpl#invalidateChild(),然後我繼續分析ViewRootImpl#invalidateChild()的實現。
@Override
public void invalidateChild(View child, Rect dirty) {
invalidateChildInParent(null, dirty);
}
// 由於沒有註釋,我們從方法名去分析原始碼,過載至這個最終的方法,意思為在父容器中重繪子控制元件
@Override
public ViewParent invalidateChildInParent(int[] location, Rect dirty) {
// 檢查執行緒,裡面判斷為,該方法需要執行在UI執行緒,驗證了之前View#invalidate()的描述
checkThread();
if (DEBUG_DRAW) Log.v(mTag, "Invalidate child: " + dirty);
// 從上一步可知,dirty是不為空的
if (dirty == null) {
invalidate();
return null;
} else if (dirty.isEmpty() && !mIsAnimating) {
return null;
}
// 這裡應該是一些座標位置的設定賦值
if (mCurScrollY != 0 || mTranslator != null) {
mTempRect.set(dirty);
dirty = mTempRect;
if (mCurScrollY != 0) {
dirty.offset(0, -mCurScrollY);
}
if (mTranslator != null) {
mTranslator.translateRectInAppWindowToScreen(dirty);
}
if (mAttachInfo.mScalingRequired) {
dirty.inset(-1, -1);
}
}
// 從方法的命名,這裡應該是我們需要的方法,重繪
invalidateRectOnScreen(dirty);
return null;
}
private void invalidateRectOnScreen(Rect dirty) {
final Rect localDirty = mDirty;
if (!localDirty.isEmpty() && !localDirty.contains(dirty)) {
mAttachInfo.mSetIgnoreDirtyState = true;
mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = true;
}
// Add the new dirty rect to the current one
localDirty.union(dirty.left, dirty.top, dirty.right, dirty.bottom);
// Intersect with the bounds of the window to skip
// updates that lie outside of the visible region
final float appScale = mAttachInfo.mApplicationScale;
final boolean intersected = localDirty.intersect(0, 0,
(int) (mWidth * appScale + 0.5f), (int) (mHeight * appScale + 0.5f));
if (!intersected) {
localDirty.setEmpty();
}
if (!mWillDrawSoon && (intersected || mIsAnimating)) {
// 上面的設定和調整,最終呼叫scheduleTraversals()
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
mChoreographer.postCallback(
Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
}
notifyRendererOfFramePending();
pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
}
}
複製程式碼
看到這裡,我們馬上聯想起之前分析的View#requestLayout(),同樣是scheduleTraversals(),但是從列印資料可知,View#invalidate()是不會執行測量與佈局的,但是目前來看它們最終呼叫的方法可是一致的。
我們可以留意一下之前的ViewRootImpl#requestLayout()方法中,主動將一個全域性變數mLayoutRequested設定為true;那麼大膽猜測這個物件肯定會影響到performMeasure()與performLayout(),我們翻一下ViewRootImpl#performTraversals()
private void performTraversals() {
···
boolean layoutRequested = mLayoutRequested && (!mStopped || mReportNextDraw);
···
boolean windowShouldResize = layoutRequested && windowSizeMayChange
&& ((mWidth != host.getMeasuredWidth() || mHeight != host.getMeasuredHeight())
|| (lp.width == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT &&
frame.width() < desiredWindowWidth && frame.width() != mWidth)
|| (lp.height == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT &&
frame.height() < desiredWindowHeight && frame.height() != mHeight));
···
if (mFirst || windowShouldResize || insetsChanged || viewVisibilityChanged || params != null || mForceNextWindowRelayout) {
···
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
···
}
···
final boolean didLayout = layoutRequested && (!mStopped || mReportNextDraw);
boolean triggerGlobalLayoutListener = didLayout
|| mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes;
if (didLayout) {
performLayout(lp, mWidth, mHeight);
}
···
}
複製程式碼
對於複雜的ViewRootImpl#performTraversals(),我們抽取一些關鍵的程式碼,的確可以驗證mLayoutRequested物件是會影響測量和佈局對應的方法的,因此可以驗證我們一開始的列印資料,View#invalidate()是不會執行測量和佈局的。
View#postInvalidate()
從View#invalidate()的註釋描述可知,View#invalidate()需要執行在UI執行緒中,如果在非UI執行緒需要使用View#postInvalidate(),我們簡單地分析一下原始碼。
public void postInvalidate() {
postInvalidateDelayed(0);
}
public void postInvalidate(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
postInvalidateDelayed(0, left, top, right, bottom);
}
public void postInvalidateDelayed(long delayMilliseconds, int left, int top,
int right, int bottom) {
// We try only with the AttachInfo because there's no point in invalidating
// if we are not attached to our window
final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
if (attachInfo != null) {
final AttachInfo.InvalidateInfo info = AttachInfo.InvalidateInfo.obtain();
info.target = this;
info.left = left;
info.top = top;
info.right = right;
info.bottom = bottom;
attachInfo.mViewRootImpl.dispatchInvalidateRectDelayed(info, delayMilliseconds);
}
}
複製程式碼
ViewRootImpl#dispatchInvalidateRectDelayed()
public void dispatchInvalidateRectDelayed(AttachInfo.InvalidateInfo info, long delayMilliseconds) {
final Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_INVALIDATE_RECT, info);
mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMilliseconds);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_INVALIDATE_RECT:
final View.AttachInfo.InvalidateInfo info = (View.AttachInfo.InvalidateInfo) msg.obj;
info.target.invalidate(info.left, info.top, info.right, info.bottom);
info.recycle();
break;
···
}
}
複製程式碼
從原始碼可知,View#postInvalidate()會傳送一個MSG_INVALIDATE_RECT的Handler訊息,在接收訊息後,同樣是執行View#invalidate()方法。
疑問:requestLayout不執行performDraw()?
在翻閱資料的時候,很多地方都會描述到View#requestLayout不執行performDraw(),但是自己的列印結果是會顯示執行performDraw()的。我們帶著問題翻一下原始碼。直接定位到ViewRootImpl#performTraversals的performDraw()
private void performTraversals() {
···
// dispatchOnPreDraw()返回註釋是:如果當前繪製應該被取消和重新排程,則為True,否則為false。
// final boolean isViewVisible = viewVisibility == View.VISIBLE; 只要是顯示的View,cancelDraw為true
boolean cancelDraw = mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnPreDraw() || !isViewVisible;
// cancelDraw通過dispatchOnPreDraw()的註釋解析和isViewVisible,得出cancelDraw應該為false
// newSurface預設為false,在測量判斷邏輯中,在判斷是否新的Surface會設定為true,這裡應該是false
// 因為會執行performDraw()
if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) {
if (mPendingTransitions != null && mPendingTransitions.size() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < mPendingTransitions.size(); ++i) {
mPendingTransitions.get(i).startChangingAnimations();
}
mPendingTransitions.clear();
}
performDraw();
}
}
複製程式碼
ViewRootImpl#performDraw()
private void performDraw() {
// Display.STATE_OFF表示顯示狀態:顯示關閉。
// mReportNextDraw物件預設false,可在ViewRootImpl#reportNextDraw()中設定為true,但是第一個判斷已經為false,不影響判斷
if (mAttachInfo.mDisplayState == Display.STATE_OFF && !mReportNextDraw) {
return;
} else if (mView == null) {// 必然不為null
return;
}
final boolean fullRedrawNeeded = mFullRedrawNeeded || mReportNextDraw;
mFullRedrawNeeded = false;
mIsDrawing = true;
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "draw");
boolean usingAsyncReport = false;
if (mReportNextDraw && mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer != null
&& mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.isEnabled()) {
usingAsyncReport = true;
mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.setFrameCompleteCallback((long frameNr) -> {
// TODO: Use the frame number
pendingDrawFinished();
});
}
try {
// 最重點是這句,draw()方法的執行,能影響這段程式碼的執行,只有上面的兩個return邏輯。
boolean canUseAsync = draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
if (usingAsyncReport && !canUseAsync) {
mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.setFrameCompleteCallback(null);
usingAsyncReport = false;
}
} finally {
mIsDrawing = false;
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
···
}
複製程式碼
從上面的判斷可以推斷到draw()是會被執行,與網上得出結論不一致,暫時沒得出什麼原因,如有分析錯誤和不足的地方,希望指定一下。
總結
View繪製步驟是performMeasure()、performLayout()、performDraw(),我們經過對invalidate和requestLayout的原始碼分析,可以得出。invalidate()方法只會執行performDraw()方法;而requestLayout()方法會執行performMeasure()、performLayout()、performDraw()。在對應的應用場景,如果只是View的顯示內容發生變化且不改變View的大小和位置,則使用invalidate(),如果大小、位置、內容都發生改變則呼叫requestLayout()。