概述
目的
透過 velero 工具, 實現以下整體目標:
- 特定 namespace 在B A兩個叢集間做遷移;
具體目標為:
- 在B A叢集上建立 velero (包括 restic )
- 備份 B叢集 特定 namespace :
caseycui2020
:- 備份resources - 如deployments, configmaps等;
- 備份前, 排除特定
secrets
的yaml.
- 備份前, 排除特定
- 備份volume資料; (透過restic實現)
- 透過"選擇性啟用" 的方式, 只備份特定的pod volume
- 備份resources - 如deployments, configmaps等;
- 遷移特定 namespace 到 A叢集 :
caseycui2020
:- 遷移resources - 透過
include
的方式, 僅遷移特定resources; - 遷移volume資料. (透過restic 實現)
- 遷移resources - 透過
安裝
-
在您的本地目錄中建立特定於Velero的憑證檔案(
credentials-velero
):使用的是xsky的物件儲存: (公司的netapp的物件儲存不相容)
[default] aws_access_key_id = xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx aws_secret_access_key = xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
-
(openshift) 需要先建立 namespace :
velero
:oc new-project velero
-
預設情況下,使用者維度的openshift namespace 不會在叢集中的所有節點上排程Pod。
要在所有節點上計劃namespace,需要一個註釋:
oc annotate namespace velero openshift.io/node-selector=""
這應該在安裝velero之前完成。
-
啟動伺服器和儲存服務。 在Velero目錄中,執行:
velero install \ --provider aws \ --plugins velero/velero-plugin-for-aws:v1.0.0 \ --bucket velero \ --secret-file ./credentials-velero \ --use-restic \ --use-volume-snapshots=true \ --backup-location-config region="default",s3ForcePathStyle="true",s3Url="http://glacier.ewhisper.cn",insecureSkipTLSVerify="true",signatureVersion="4" \ --snapshot-location-config region="default"
建立的內容包括:
CustomResourceDefinition/backups.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/backups.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/backupstoragelocations.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/backupstoragelocations.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/deletebackuprequests.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/deletebackuprequests.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/downloadrequests.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/downloadrequests.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/podvolumebackups.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/podvolumebackups.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/podvolumerestores.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/podvolumerestores.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/resticrepositories.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/resticrepositories.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/restores.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/restores.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/schedules.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/schedules.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/serverstatusrequests.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/serverstatusrequests.velero.io: created CustomResourceDefinition/volumesnapshotlocations.velero.io: attempting to create resource CustomResourceDefinition/volumesnapshotlocations.velero.io: created Waiting for resources to be ready in cluster... Namespace/velero: attempting to create resource Namespace/velero: created ClusterRoleBinding/velero: attempting to create resource ClusterRoleBinding/velero: created ServiceAccount/velero: attempting to create resource ServiceAccount/velero: created Secret/cloud-credentials: attempting to create resource Secret/cloud-credentials: created BackupStorageLocation/default: attempting to create resource BackupStorageLocation/default: created VolumeSnapshotLocation/default: attempting to create resource VolumeSnapshotLocation/default: created Deployment/velero: attempting to create resource Deployment/velero: created DaemonSet/restic: attempting to create resource DaemonSet/restic: created Velero is installed! ⛵ Use 'kubectl logs deployment/velero -n velero' to view the status.
-
(openshift) 將
velero
ServiceAccount新增到privileged
SCC:$ oc adm policy add-scc-to-user privileged -z velero -n velero
-
(openshift) 對於OpenShift版本> = 4.1,修改DaemonSet yaml以請求
privileged
模式:@@ -67,3 +67,5 @@ spec: value: /credentials/cloud - name: VELERO_SCRATCH_DIR value: /scratch + securityContext: + privileged: true
或:
oc patch ds/restic \ --namespace velero \ --type json \ -p '[{"op":"add","path":"/spec/template/spec/containers/0/securityContext","value": { "privileged": true}}]'
備份 - B叢集
備份叢集級別的特定資源
velero backup create <backup-name> --include-cluster-resources=true --include-resources deployments,configmaps
檢視備份
velero backup describe YOUR_BACKUP_NAME
備份特定 namespace caseycui2020
排除特定資源
標籤為velero.io/exclude-from-backup=true
的資源不包括在備份中,即使它包含匹配的選擇器標籤也是如此。
透過這種方式, 不需要備份的secret
等資源透過velero.io/exclude-from-backup=true
標籤(label)進行排除.
透過這種方式排除的secret
部分示例如下:
builder-dockercfg-jbnzr
default-token-lshh8
pipeline-token-xt645
使用restic 備份Pod Volume
? 注意:
該 namespace 下, 以下2個pod volume也需要備份, 但是目前還沒正式使用:
mycoreapphttptask-callback
mycoreapphttptaskservice-callback
透過 "選擇性啟用" 的方式進行有選擇地備份.
-
對包含要備份的卷的每個Pod執行以下命令:
oc -n caseycui2020 annotate pod/<mybackendapp-pod-name> backup.velero.io/backup-volumes=jmx-exporter-agent,pinpoint-agent,my-mybackendapp-claim oc -n caseycui2020 annotate pod/<elitegetrecservice-pod-name> backup.velero.io/backup-volumes=uploadfile
其中,卷名是容器 spec中卷的名稱。
例如,對於以下pod:
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: sample namespace: foo spec: containers: - image: k8s.gcr.io/test-webserver name: test-webserver volumeMounts: - name: pvc-volume mountPath: /volume-1 - name: emptydir-volume mountPath: /volume-2 volumes: - name: pvc-volume persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: test-volume-claim - name: emptydir-volume emptyDir: {}
你應該執行:
kubectl -n foo annotate pod/sample backup.velero.io/backup-volumes=pvc-volume,emptydir-volume
如果您使用控制器來管理您的pods,則也可以在pod template spec中提供此批註。
備份及驗證
備份namespace及其物件, 以及具有相關annotation的pod volume:
# 生產 namespace
velero backup create caseycui2020 --include-namespaces caseycui2020
檢視備份
velero backup describe YOUR_BACKUP_NAME
velero backup logs caseycui2020
oc -n velero get podvolumebackups -l velero.io/backup-name=caseycui2020 -o yaml
describe檢視的結果如下:
Name: caseycui2020
Namespace: velero
Labels: velero.io/storage-location=default
Annotations: velero.io/source-cluster-k8s-gitversion=v1.18.3+2cf11e2
velero.io/source-cluster-k8s-major-version=1
velero.io/source-cluster-k8s-minor-version=18+
Phase: Completed
Errors: 0
Warnimybackendapp: 0
Namespaces:
Included: caseycui2020
Excluded: <none>
Resources:
Included: *
Excluded: <none>
Cluster-scoped: auto
Label selector: <none>
Storage Location: default
Velero-Native Snapshot PVs: auto
TTL: 720h0m0s
Hooks: <none>
Backup Format Version: 1.1.0
Started: 2020-10-21 09:28:16 +0800 CST
Completed: 2020-10-21 09:29:17 +0800 CST
Expiration: 2020-11-20 09:28:16 +0800 CST
Total items to be backed up: 591
Items backed up: 591
Velero-Native Snapshots: <none included>
Restic Backups (specify --details for more information):
Completed: 3
定期備份
使用基於cron表示式建立定期計劃的備份:
velero schedule create caseycui2020-b-daily --schedule="0 3 * * *" --include-namespaces caseycui2020
另外,您可以使用一些非標準的速記cron表示式:
velero schedule create test-daily --schedule="@every 24h" --include-namespaces caseycui2020
有關更多用法示例,請參見cron軟體包的文件。
叢集遷移 - 到A叢集
使用 Backups 和 Restores
只要您將每個Velero例項指向相同的雲物件儲存位置,Velero就能幫助您將資源從一個群集移植到另一個群集。 此方案假定您的群集由同一雲提供商託管。 請注意,Velero本身不支援跨雲提供程式遷移持久卷快照。 如果要在雲平臺之間遷移卷資料,請啟用restic,它將在檔案系統級別備份卷內容。
-
(叢集 B)假設您尚未使用Velero
schedule
操作對資料進行檢查點檢查,則需要首先備份整個群集(根據需要替換<BACKUP-NAME>
):velero backup create <BACKUP-NAME>
預設備份保留期限以TTL(有效期)表示,為30天(720小時); 您可以使用
--ttl <DURATION>
標誌根據需要進行更改。 有關備份到期的更多資訊,請參見velero的工作原理。 -
(叢集 A)配置
BackupStorageLocations
和VolumeSnapshotLocations
, 指向 叢集1 使用的位置, 使用velero backup-location create
和velero snapshot-location create
. 要確保配置BackupStorageLocations
為 read-only, 透過在velero backup-location create
時使用--access-mode=ReadOnly
flag (因為我就只有一個bucket, 所以就沒有配置只讀這一項). 如下為在A叢集安裝, 安裝時已配置了BackupStorageLocations
和VolumeSnapshotLocations
.velero install \ --provider aws \ --plugins velero/velero-plugin-for-aws:v1.0.0 \ --bucket velero \ --secret-file ./credentials-velero \ --use-restic \ --use-volume-snapshots=true \ --backup-location-config region="default",s3ForcePathStyle="true",s3Url="http://glacier.ewhisper.cn",insecureSkipTLSVerify="true",signatureVersion="4"\ --snapshot-location-config region="default"
-
(叢集A)確保已建立Velero Backup物件。 Velero資源與雲端儲存中的備份檔案同步。
velero backup describe <BACKUP-NAME>
注意:預設同步間隔為1分鐘,因此請確保在檢查之前等待。 您可以使用Velero伺服器的
--backup-sync-period
標誌配置此間隔。 -
(叢集A)一旦確認現在存在正確的備份(
<BACKUP-NAME>
),就可以使用以下方法還原所有內容: (因為backup
中只有caseycui2020
一個 namespace , 所以還原是就不需要--include-namespaces caseycui2020
進行過濾)velero restore create --from-backup caseycui2020 --include-resources buildconfigs.build.openshift.io,configmaps,deploymentconfigs.apps.openshift.io,imagestreams.image.openshift.io,imagestreamtags.image.openshift.io,imagetags.image.openshift.io,limitranges,namespaces,networkpolicies.networking.k8s.io,persistentvolumeclaims,prometheusrules.monitoring.coreos.com,resourcequotas,rolebindimybackendapp.authorization.openshift.io,rolebindimybackendapp.rbac.authorization.k8s.io,routes.route.openshift.io,secrets,servicemonitors.monitoring.coreos.com,services,templateinstances.template.openshift.io
因為後面驗證
persistentvolumeclaims
的restore
有問題, 所以後續使用的時候先拿掉這個pvc, 後面再想辦法解決:velero restore create --from-backup caseycui2020 --include-resources buildconfigs.build.openshift.io,configmaps,deploymentconfigs.apps.openshift.io,imagestreams.image.openshift.io,imagestreamtags.image.openshift.io,imagetags.image.openshift.io,limitranges,namespaces,networkpolicies.networking.k8s.io,persistentvolumeclaims,prometheusrules.monitoring.coreos.com,resourcequotas,rolebindimybackendapp.authorization.openshift.io,rolebindimybackendapp.rbac.authorization.k8s.io,routes.route.openshift.io,secrets,servicemonitors.monitoring.coreos.com,services,templateinstances.template.openshift.io
驗證2個叢集
檢查第二個群集是否按預期執行:
-
(叢集A)執行:
velero restore get
結果如下:
NAME BACKUP STATUS STARTED COMPLETED ERRORS WARNImybackendapp CREATED SELECTOR caseycui2020-20201021102342 caseycui2020 Failed <nil> <nil> 0 0 2020-10-21 10:24:14 +0800 CST <none> caseycui2020-20201021103040 caseycui2020 PartiallyFailed <nil> <nil> 46 34 2020-10-21 10:31:12 +0800 CST <none> caseycui2020-20201021105848 caseycui2020 InProgress <nil> <nil> 0 0 2020-10-21 10:59:20 +0800 CST <none>
-
然後執行:
velero restore describe <RESTORE-NAME-FROM-GET-COMMAND> oc -n velero get podvolumerestores -l velero.io/restore-name=YOUR_RESTORE_NAME -o yaml
結果如下:
Name: caseycui2020-20201021102342 Namespace: velero Labels: <none> Annotations: <none> Phase: InProgress Started: <n/a> Completed: <n/a> Backup: caseycui2020 Namespaces: Included: all namespaces found in the backup Excluded: <none> Resources: Included: buildconfigs.build.openshift.io, configmaps, deploymentconfigs.apps.openshift.io, imagestreams.image.openshift.io, imagestreamtags.image.openshift.io, imagetags.image.openshift.io, limitranges, namespaces, networkpolicies.networking.k8s.io, persistentvolumeclaims, prometheusrules.monitoring.coreos.com, resourcequotas, rolebindimybackendapp.authorization.openshift.io, rolebindimybackendapp.rbac.authorization.k8s.io, routes.route.openshift.io, secrets, servicemonitors.monitoring.coreos.com, services, templateinstances.template.openshift.io Excluded: nodes, events, events.events.k8s.io, backups.velero.io, restores.velero.io, resticrepositories.velero.io Cluster-scoped: auto Namespace mappimybackendapp: <none> Label selector: <none> Restore PVs: auto
如果遇到問題,請確保Velero在兩個群集中的相同namespace中執行。
我這邊碰到問題, 就是openshift裡邊, 使用了imagestream和imagetag, 然後對應的映象拉不過來, 容器沒有啟動.
容器沒有啟動, podvolume也沒有恢復成功.
Name: caseycui2020-20201021110424
Namespace: velero
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Phase: PartiallyFailed (run 'velero restore logs caseycui2020-20201021110424' for more information)
Started: <n/a>
Completed: <n/a>
Warnimybackendapp:
Velero: <none>
Cluster: <none>
Namespaces:
caseycui2020: could not restore, imagetags.image.openshift.io "mybackendapp:1.0.0" already exists. Warning: the in-cluster version is different than the backed-up version.
could not restore, imagetags.image.openshift.io "mybackendappno:1.0.0" already exists. Warning: the in-cluster version is different than the backed-up version.
...
Errors:
Velero: <none>
Cluster: <none>
Namespaces:
caseycui2020: error restoring imagestreams.image.openshift.io/caseycui2020/mybackendapp: ImageStream.image.openshift.io "mybackendapp" is invalid: []: Internal error: imagestreams "mybackendapp" is invalid: spec.tags[latest].from.name: Invalid value: "mybackendapp@sha256:6c5ab553a97c74ad602d2427a326124621c163676df91f7040b035fa64b533c7": error generating tag event: imagestreamimage.image.openshift.io ......
Backup: caseycui2020
Namespaces:
Included: all namespaces found in the backup
Excluded: <none>
Resources:
Included: buildconfigs.build.openshift.io, configmaps, deploymentconfigs.apps.openshift.io, imagestreams.image.openshift.io, imagestreamtags.image.openshift.io, imagetags.image.openshift.io, limitranges, namespaces, networkpolicies.networking.k8s.io, persistentvolumeclaims, prometheusrules.monitoring.coreos.com, resourcequotas, rolebindimybackendapp.authorization.openshift.io, rolebindimybackendapp.rbac.authorization.k8s.io, routes.route.openshift.io, secrets, servicemonitors.monitoring.coreos.com, services, templateinstances.template.openshift.io
Excluded: nodes, events, events.events.k8s.io, backups.velero.io, restores.velero.io, resticrepositories.velero.io
Cluster-scoped: auto
Namespace mappimybackendapp: <none>
Label selector: <none>
Restore PVs: auto
遷移問題總結
目前總結問題如下:
-
imagestreams.image.openshift.io, imagestreamtags.image.openshift.io, imagetags.image.openshift.io
裡的映象沒有成功匯入; 確切地說是latest
這個tag沒有匯入成功.imagestreamtags.image.openshift.io
生效也需要時間. -
persistentvolumeclaims
遷移過來後報錯, 報錯如下:phase: Lost
原因是: A B叢集的StorageClass的配置是不同的, 所以B叢集的PVC, 在A叢集想要直接binding是不可能的. 而且建立後無法直接修改, 需要刪掉重新建立.
-
Routes
域名, 有部分域名是特定於A B叢集的域名, 如:jenkins-caseycui2020.b.caas.ewhisper.cn
遷移到A叢集調整為:jenkins-caseycui2020.a.caas.ewhisper.cn
-
podVolume
資料沒有遷移.
latest
這個tag沒有匯入成功
手動匯入, 命令如下: (1.0.1
為ImageStream的最新的版本)
oc tag xxl-job-admin:1.0.1 xxl-job-admin:latest
PVC phase Lost問題
如果手動建立, 需要對PVC yaml進行調整. 調整前後PVC如下:
B叢集原YAML:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
annotations:
pv.kubernetes.io/bind-completed: 'yes'
pv.kubernetes.io/bound-by-controller: 'yes'
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-provisioner: csi.trident.netapp.io
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/caseycui2020/persistentvolumeclaims/jenkins
resourceVersion: '77304786'
name: jenkins
uid: ffcabc42-845d-4cdf-8c7c-56e97cb5ea82
creationTimestamp: '2020-10-21T03:05:46Z'
managedFields:
- manager: kube-controller-manager
operation: Update
apiVersion: v1
time: '2020-10-21T03:05:46Z'
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
'f:status':
'f:phase': {}
- manager: velero-server
operation: Update
apiVersion: v1
time: '2020-10-21T03:05:46Z'
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
'f:metadata':
'f:annotations':
.: {}
'f:pv.kubernetes.io/bind-completed': {}
'f:pv.kubernetes.io/bound-by-controller': {}
'f:volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-provisioner': {}
'f:labels':
.: {}
'f:app': {}
'f:template': {}
'f:template.openshift.io/template-instance-owner': {}
'f:velero.io/backup-name': {}
'f:velero.io/restore-name': {}
'f:spec':
'f:accessModes': {}
'f:resources':
'f:requests':
.: {}
'f:storage': {}
'f:storageClassName': {}
'f:volumeMode': {}
'f:volumeName': {}
namespace: caseycui2020
finalizers:
- kubernetes.io/pvc-protection
labels:
app: jenkins-persistent
template: jenkins-persistent-monitored
template.openshift.io/template-instance-owner: 5a0b28c3-c760-451b-b92f-a781406d9e91
velero.io/backup-name: caseycui2020
velero.io/restore-name: caseycui2020-20201021110424
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 5Gi
volumeName: pvc-414efafd-8b22-48da-8c20-6025a8e671ca
storageClassName: nas-data
volumeMode: Filesystem
status:
phase: Lost
調整後:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: jenkins
namespace: caseycui2020
labels:
app: jenkins-persistent
template: jenkins-persistent-monitored
template.openshift.io/template-instance-owner: 5a0b28c3-c760-451b-b92f-a781406d9e91
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 5Gi
storageClassName: nas-data
volumeMode: Filesystem
podVolume
資料沒有遷移
可以手動遷移, 命令如下:
# 登入B叢集
# 先把B 叢集/opt/prometheus資料拿出來到當前資料夾
oc rsync xxl-job-admin-5-9sgf7:/opt/prometheus .
# 上邊rsync命令會建立個prometheus的目錄
cd prometheus
# 登入A叢集
# 再把資料複製進去(複製之前得先確保這個pod啟動起來) (可以先把`JAVA_OPTS`刪掉)
oc rsync ./ xxl-job-admin-2-6k8df:/opt/prometheus/
總結
本文寫的比較早, 後面 OpenShift 出了基於 Velero 封裝的 OpenShift 專有的遷移工具, 可以直接透過它提供的工具進行遷移.
另外, OpenShift 叢集上限制很多, 另外也有很多專屬於 OpenShift 的資源, 所以在實際使用上和標準 K8S 的差別還是比較大的, 需要仔細注意.
本次雖然嘗試失敗, 但是其中的思路還是可供借鑑的.
系列文章
?️參考文件
三人行, 必有我師; 知識共享, 天下為公. 本文由東風微鳴技術部落格 EWhisper.cn 編寫.