Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS 安裝 Docker 與 Docker Compose

參考

• https://www.sysgeek.cn/install-docker-ubuntu/ (主要參考)
• https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/ (清華映象站)
• https://blog.csdn.net/dragonstrong/article/details/118915771 (ubuntu 設定代理，需要梯子開啟區域網訪問，並指定埠號)
• https://blog.csdn.net/sxzlc/article/details/105922314 (telnet 驗證主機埠是否正常訪問)
• https://blog.csdn.net/Fengdf666/article/details/140218342 (解決docker官方無法正常訪問，切換docker下載為阿里源)
• https://juejin.cn/post/7135739035158315022
• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45558497/article/details/123970473 (設定 docker 開機自啟)

環境

軟體/系統	版本	說明
VMware	Workstation 16 Pro 16.2.4 build-20089737
Ubuntu Server	Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS
net-tools	2.10-0.1ubuntu4	軟體包 (檢視虛擬機器ip使用)
nano	7.2-2build1	軟體包(編輯器)
apt-transport-https	2.7.14build2	軟體包
curl	8.5.0-2ubuntu10.3	軟體包
docker-ce	5:27.2.0-1	軟體包
docker-ce-cli	5:27.2.0-1	軟體包
containerd.io	1.7.21-1	軟體包
docker-compose-plugin	2.29.2-1	軟體包

正文

1. 設定軟體源為國內源(此處使用清華源)

   # 備份源
   sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.back
   # 編輯源
   sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
   

   將下面的內容填充到 ubuntu.sources

   Types: deb
   URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
   Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
   Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # 預設註釋了原始碼映象以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消註釋
   # Types: deb-src
   # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
   # Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
   # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # 以下安全更新軟體源包含了官方源與映象站配置，如有需要可自行修改註釋切換
   Types: deb
   URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
   Suites: noble-security
   Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # Types: deb-src
   # URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
   # Suites: noble-security
   # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # 預釋出軟體源，不建議啟用
   
   # Types: deb
   # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
   # Suites: noble-proposed
   # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   
   # # Types: deb-src
   # # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
   # # Suites: noble-proposed
   # # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
   # # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
   

2. 更新軟體包並安裝必要軟體

   由於備份了 ubuntu.sources 為 ubuntu.sources.back 所以後續執行 apt 相關命令時會提示N: Ignoring file 'ubuntu.sources.back' in directory '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/' as it has an invalid filename extension，忽視即可。

   sudo apt update
   sudo apt install apt-transport-https curl
   

3. 匯入阿里雲官方 GPG 金鑰

   curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
   

4. 新增阿里雲源

   echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
   

5. 更新源

   sudo apt update
   

6. 安裝

   sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y
   

7. 檢查執行狀態

   ubuntu@ubuntu:~$  sudo systemctl is-active docker
   

   顯示如下為正常

   active
   

8. 設定 docker 開機啟動

   systemctl enable docker.service