什麼是IntentService?
一個帶有工作執行緒的,並且具有任務完成會自動停止功能的Service
一.IntentService的用法
//繼承IntentService,並取個名兒
class SampleIntentService : IntentService("SampleIntentService") {
//重寫onHandleIntent
override fun onHandleIntent(intent: Intent?) {
//進行耗時操作,這裡是工作執行緒
}
//別忘了在mainfest裡註冊哦
}
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emmmm,IntentService就這麼簡單,不過這只是用法哦。
二.IntentService結構組成
要想了解原始碼,別單單看別人的技術文章,看是沒有用的,最好把原始碼開啟,邊看邊對著原始碼瞭解,那樣能理解的快些。
- 看看繼承類
這裡看到IntentService是繼承Service
public abstract class IntentService extends Service
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- 看看構造方法
/**
* Creates an IntentService. Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
*
* @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
*/
這裡可以看到剛才為嘛給IntentService帶個String的引數了,原來給是工作執行緒取名字呀
public IntentService(String name) {
super();
mName = name;
}
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- 因為是繼承Service的,所以我們可以看看onCreate()方法
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
//這裡建立工作執行緒,所以使用intentService為什麼不需要建立工作執行緒
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
//獲取looper,與handler產生聯動,實現訊息的通訊
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
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這裡小結下(IntentService裡有什麼東西)
- 建立了一個具有looper的工作執行緒
- 建立了一個執行緒通訊的Handler
- 把具有looper的執行緒跟handler聯動
三.IntentService具體實現
當一個IntentService開啟時,先呼叫onCreate方法,然後會呼叫onStartCommand(),然後呼叫onStart(),儲存message,handler傳送訊息,handleMessage()處理訊息,然後onHandleIntent交給子類去實現,等message都處理完了,stopSelf(msg.arg1)停止服務
//繼承Handler類
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
@Override
public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId; //這裡要注意,儲存這個startId是有用的,後面會講到
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
/**
* You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
* override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
* receives a start request.
* @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mServiceLooper.quit();
}
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這裡有個關鍵,每次start(),都會把message儲存到messagequeue佇列中,messagequeue是單執行緒佇列,那麼intentService是怎麼知道任務全部完成才會去取消任務的呢? 可以看看ActiveServices原始碼 關鍵程式碼
boolean stopServiceTokenLocked(ComponentName className, IBinder token,
int startId) {
if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "stopServiceToken: " + className
+ " " + token + " startId=" + startId);
ServiceRecord r = findServiceLocked(className, token, UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
if (r != null) {
if (startId >= 0) {
// Asked to only stop if done with all work. Note that
// to avoid leaks, we will take this as dropping all
// start items up to and including this one.
ServiceRecord.StartItem si = r.findDeliveredStart(startId, false);
if (si != null) {
while (r.deliveredStarts.size() > 0) {
ServiceRecord.StartItem cur = r.deliveredStarts.remove(0);
cur.removeUriPermissionsLocked();
if (cur == si) {
break;
}
}
}
if (r.getLastStartId() != startId) {
return false;
}
if (r.deliveredStarts.size() > 0) {
Slog.w(TAG, "stopServiceToken startId " + startId
+ " is last, but have " + r.deliveredStarts.size()
+ " remaining args");
}
}
synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {
r.stats.stopRunningLocked();
}
r.startRequested = false;
if (r.tracker != null) {
r.tracker.setStarted(false, mAm.mProcessStats.getMemFactorLocked(),
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
}
r.callStart = false;
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
bringDownServiceIfNeededLocked(r, false, false);
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
return true;
}
return false;
}
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ActiveServices裡的stopServiceTokenLocked()裡的判斷r.getLastStartId()!= startId,來判斷當前startId是不是最後一個startId,是就執行r.stats.stopRunningLocked()來終止
課外知識 Handler是負責執行緒間的通訊的 HandlerThread是什麼呢?簡單看看介紹(這個類蠻重要的 ,想要了解大家可以去查查資料,原理也不難)
/**
* Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be
* used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called.
*/
是一個擁有looper的執行緒類,這個looper可以用來跟handler來互動,但一定要用start方法來開啟
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