目錄
- ansible 變數優先順序示例
- 1.不是變數的變數
- 2.角色預設值
- 3.主機配置清單 或 動態指令碼生成的 group vars
- 4.主機配置清單 group_vars/all
- 5.劇本 group_vars/all
- 6 主機配置清單 group_vars/*
- 7 劇本 group_vars/*
- 8.主機清單檔案 or 動態生成主機清單檔案的主機變數
- 9.主機清單檔案 host_var/*
- 10.劇本 host_vars/*
- 11. host facts / cached set_facts
- 12. 劇本 vars
- 13. 劇本 vars_prompt
- 14. play vars_files
- 15 角色 變數
- 16 塊 vars (only for tasks in block)
- 17. 任務 vars (only for the task)
- 18. include_vars
- 19. set_facts / registered vars
- 20.角色與 引入角色 引數
- 21.include params
- 22. 額外變數 (for example, -e "user=my_user")(always win precedence)
ansible 變數優先順序示例
ansible多處都可設定變數，但是其中變數優先順序不清楚，這裡按官方示例文件基於最新2.17 ansible-core版本，編寫驗證編寫驗證變數優先順序的示例
以下按從優先順序低到高排序
1.不是變數的變數
command line values (for example, -u my_user, these are not variables)
這裡使用變數ansible_user,它一般對應引數 -u 或 inventory檔案的 ansible_user變數
這裡說的最低的優先順序是: 如果inventory配置了ansible_user 大於 -u 權重
ansible的非 -e 方式傳遞引數權重最低
priority01.yml
---
- hosts: ubuntu
tasks:
- name: Display the user running the task
debug:
msg: "The user is {{ ansible_user }}"
/etc/ansible/hosts
[ubuntu]
107.151.199.209 ansible_user=root
ansible-playbook -u rootb priority01.yml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [Display the user running the task] **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "The user is root"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
2.角色預設值
role defaults (as defined in Role directory structure)
先建立一個簡單的role
#手動建立角色的基本目錄結構
#tasks定義任務
#defaults: 角色預設變數
#files: 存放檔案
#templates: 模板檔案
#handlers: 觸發器
#vars: 高於defaults的變數儲存目錄
#meta: 後設資料資訊
mkdir -p my_simple_role/{tasks,defaults,files,templates,handlers,vars,meta}
編輯task檔案
my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml
- name: print vars
debug:
msg: "{{ role_default_vars }}"
編輯預設變數檔案
my_simple_role/defaults/main.yml
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_defaults"
編輯可用playbook檔案
playbook.yaml
---
- hosts: ubuntu
roles:
- my_simple_role
3.主機配置清單 或 動態指令碼生成的 group vars
inventory file or script group vars
這是指在 inventory 檔案或動態 inventory 指令碼中為特定組定義的變數
一般形式是
[groupname:vars]動態 inventory 指令碼生成的變數暫時用不到
在inventory中也可以配置組變數
/etc/ansible/hosts
[ubuntu]
107.151.199.209 ansible_user=root
[ubuntu:vars]
role_default_vars="role_default_vars_with_inventory_group_vars"
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_inventory_group_vars"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
4.主機配置清單 group_vars/all
inventory group_vars/all
這裡指的是 /etc/ansible/group_vars/all檔案
/etc/ansible/group_vars/all
---
role_default_vars: role_default_vars_with_group_vars_all
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_group_vars_all"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
5.劇本 group_vars/all
這裡指的playbook.yaml檔案成的位置下的 group_vars/all檔案變數
#建立目錄
mkdir group_vars
group_vars/all
---
role_default_vars: role_default_vars_with_playbook_group_vars_all
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_playbook_group_vars_all"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
6 主機配置清單 group_vars/*
inventory group_vars/*
示例
/etc/ansible/group_vars/ubuntu
指的是整個ubuntu的組變數
*表示group_vars目錄下所有的檔案，一般檔名稱對應組名稱
/etc/ansible/group_vars/ubuntu
---
tar: zar
ping: pong
foo_list:
- one
- two
- three
role_default_vars: role_default_vars_with_group_vars_ubuntu
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_group_vars_ubuntu"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
7 劇本 group_vars/*
playbook group_vars/*
示例
group_vars/ubuntu
指的是當前playbook.yaml劇本目錄下
*表示group_vars目錄下所有的檔案，一般檔名稱對應組名稱
---
role_default_vars: role_default_vars_with_playbook_group_vars_ubuntu
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_playbook_group_vars_ubuntu"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
8.主機清單檔案 or 動態生成主機清單檔案的主機變數
inventory file or script host vars
示例
[webservers]
webserver1 ansible_host=192.168.1.10 http_port=8080
/etc/ansible/hosts
[ubuntu]
107.151.199.209 ansible_user=root role_default_vars="role_default_vars_with_inventory_hosts_vars"
[ubuntu:vars]
role_default_vars="role_default_vars_with_inventory_group_vars"
ansible-playbook /root/handlers/priority/playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_inventory_hosts_vars"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
9.主機清單檔案 host_var/*
示例
/etc/ansible/host_vars/107.151.199.209
指定單個主機變數資訊
/etc/ansible/host_vars/107.151.199.209
---
foo: bar
baz: qux
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_inventory_hosts_vars_hosts_vars"
ansible-playbook /root/handlers/priority/playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_inventory_hosts_vars_hosts_vars"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.劇本 host_vars/*
示例
host_vars/107.151.199.209
在playbook.yaml檔案目錄下的 host_vars/ip檔案中指定單個主機變數資訊
mkdir host_vars
host_vars/107.151.199.209
---
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_hosts_vars"
ansible-playbook /root/handlers/priority/playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_playbook_hosts_vars"
}
PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11. host facts / cached set_facts
Host Facts 是 Ansible 透過setup自動收集的系統資訊，用於描述目標主機的狀態
Cached Set Facts 是您透過 set_fact 動態設定並選擇快取的自定義變數cached set_facts 指的是將獲取到的變數快取,可以與redis關聯，或透過內建set_fact模組快取變數,此配置較為複雜,不再詳細描述
當前的檔案裡沒有與facts相關的變數，facts變數有一個叫ansible_os_family的，會列印出作業系統名稱，那麼我使用第10個優先順序的變數配置下
host_vars/107.151.199.209
---
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_hosts_vars"
ansible_os_family: "None"
修改role
my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml
- name: print vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
- "{{ ansible_os_family }}"
修改playbook.yaml
gather_facts: no 禁止獲取系統資訊
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: no
roles:
- my_simple_role
此時列印的變數ansible_os_family結果為None是符合設定的變數的
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *****
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_playbook_hosts_vars",
"None"
]
}
PLAY RECAP *****
107.151.199.209 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
再次修改playbook.yaml
gather_facts: yes 獲取系統資訊
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
roles:
- my_simple_role
此時變數已被facts覆蓋,獲取到真實的系統名稱
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *****
TASK [Gathering Facts] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_playbook_hosts_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
PLAY RECAP *****
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
12. 劇本 vars
play vars
就是在playbook 劇本中設定變數
playbook.yaml
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
roles:
- my_simple_role
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *****
TASK [Gathering Facts] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
PLAY RECAP *****
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
13. 劇本 vars_prompt
vars_prompt 模組
就是在playbook 劇本中手動設定變數
修改playbook檔案,playbook.yaml
name: "role_default_vars" 指定變數名稱
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
vars_prompt:
- name: "role_default_vars"
prompt: "Please enter role_default_vars:"
private: no
roles:
- my_simple_role
手動輸入變數值
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
Please enter role_default_vars:: role_default_vars_with_prompt
PLAY [ubuntu] *****
TASK [Gathering Facts] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_prompt",
"Debian"
]
}
PLAY RECAP *****
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
14. play vars_files
vars_files 模組
vars_files 載入變數檔案，將變數定義儲存在單獨的 YAML 檔案中，並在 Playbook 中引用這些檔案，從而使變數管理更加模組化和易於維護
建立目錄
mkdir vars
建立變數檔案
vars/vars.yaml
---
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars_file"
修改playbook.yaml檔案
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
vars_files:
- "vars/vars.yaml"
vars_prompt:
- name: "role_default_vars"
prompt: "Please enter role_default_vars:"
private: no
roles:
- my_simple_role
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
Please enter role_default_vars:: role_default_vars_with_prompt
PLAY [ubuntu] ******
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars_file",
"Debian"
]
}
PLAY RECAP ******
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
15 角色 變數
role vars (as defined in Role directory structure)
在角色變數中定義檔案，需要透過vars/main.yml檔案
vars/main.yaml
---
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_role_vars_main"
playbook.yaml
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
vars_files:
- "vars/vars.yaml"
vars_prompt:
- name: "role_default_vars"
prompt: "Please enter role_default_vars:"
private: no
roles:
- my_simple_role
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
Please enter role_default_vars:: role_default_vars_with_prompt
PLAY [ubuntu] ******
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_role_vars_main",
"Debian"
]
}
PLAY RECAP ******
107.151.199.209 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
16 塊 vars (only for tasks in block)
block vars (only for tasks in block)
block是 Ansible 中的一種結構化語法，允許您將一組任務組織在一起，並對整個塊應用特定的處理，比如錯誤處理、條件判斷或變數定義- block: - name: Print a message debug: msg: "The variable inside block is {{ block_var }}" - name: Print another message debug: msg: "This is another task using the block variable {{ block_var }}" vars: block_var: "This is a block-level variable"block塊下的變數 block_var只會作用於block塊區域中
因vars_prompt需要反覆輸入變數，此時移除此程式碼，新增block程式碼
playbook.yaml
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
vars_files:
- "vars/vars.yaml"
roles:
- my_simple_role
my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml
- name: print vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
- "{{ ansible_os_family }}"
- block:
- name: print block vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
- "{{ ansible_os_family }}"
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_block_vars"
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] ******
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_role_vars_main",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_block_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
PLAY RECAP ******
107.151.199.209 : ok=3 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
17. 任務 vars (only for the task)
task vars (only for the task)
playbook.yaml
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
vars_files:
- "vars/vars.yaml"
tasks:
- name: print task vars
debug:
msg: "{{ role_default_vars }}"
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_tasks_vars"
roles:
- my_simple_role
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] ******
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_role_vars_main",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_block_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [print task vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_tasks_vars"
}
PLAY RECAP ******
107.151.199.209 : ok=4 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
18. include_vars
include_vars
用於動態載入變數，這與前面 vars_files 有不同
特性 include_vars vars_files 功能 動態載入變數檔案 靜態載入變數檔案 使用位置 在任務中使用，可以結合條件和迴圈 在 Playbook 頂層定義 載入時機 在任務執行時載入 在 Playbook 開始時載入 靈活性 高，可動態載入不同的變數檔案 低，載入固定的變數檔案 典型使用場景 根據條件或其他動態因素載入變數檔案,可以與條件和迴圈結合使用 預先載入全域性變數檔案,適用於預先載入固定變數檔案的場景
include_vars.yaml
---
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_include_vars"
playbook.yaml
新增include_vars模組
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
vars_files:
- "vars/vars.yaml"
tasks:
- name: include vars
include_vars: "include_vars.yaml"
- name: print task vars
debug:
msg: "{{ role_default_vars }}"
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_tasks_vars"
roles:
- my_simple_role
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] ******
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_role_vars_main",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_block_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [include vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [print task vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_playbook_include_vars"
}
PLAY RECAP ******
107.151.199.209 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
19. set_facts / registered vars
set_facts 是一個模組,可顯示設定變數
register 只是用於承接任務的結果標準輸出和錯誤輸出
因為顯示兩者明顯區別要配置facts_cache快取及多playbook任務,較為複雜,因此暫時略過,後結再行構建示例
特性 set_facts register 建立方式 顯式地建立或修改變數 捕獲任務的輸出結果 作用範圍 可配置facts_cache開啟快取,實現多playbook全域性有效,否則與register作用範圍相同 僅對建立此變數的playbook有效 使用場景 動態設定主機變數，用於 playbook 內的變數共享 捕獲 task 的執行結果，用於後續 tasks 的條件判斷或資訊展示
my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml
- name: print vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
- "{{ ansible_os_family }}"
- block:
- name: print block vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
- "{{ ansible_os_family }}"
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_block_vars"
- name: set register vars
shell: "echo role_default_vars_with_register_vars"
register: role_default_vars
- name: print role_default_vars vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars.stdout }}"
- name: set set_fact vars
set_fact:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_set_fact_vars"
- name: print role_default_vars vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *******
TASK [Gathering Facts] *******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
#....#略過
TASK [my_simple_role : set register vars] *******
changed: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_register_vars"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set set_fact vars] *******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_set_fact_vars"
]
}
#....#略過
PLAY RECAP *******
107.151.199.209 : ok=9 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
20.角色與 引入角色 引數
role (and include_role) params
role引入角色的方式與-tasks類似,必須與hosts繫結,include_role可以在playbook的任意位置引入
這裡說明下,playbook執行順序,在同一檔案中包含tasks與roles時,先執行roles,再執行tasks,tasks中的include_roles按tasks順序正常執行,所以此playbook有兩次引入了role,roles方式載入引入時,變數role_default_vars是有stdout屬性的,而在include_roles引入時,因為變數被引入,導致變數role_default_vars是沒有stdout屬性的,因此配置了ignore_errors
playbook.yaml
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
vars_files:
- "vars/vars.yaml"
tasks:
- name: include vars
include_vars: "include_vars.yaml"
- name: print task vars
debug:
msg: "{{ role_default_vars }}"
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_tasks_vars"
- name: "include_role 載入方式"
include_role:
name: my_simple_role
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_include_role_params_vars"
roles:
- name: "role 方式載入"
role: my_simple_role
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_role_params_vars"
/root/handlers/priority/my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml
- name: print vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
- "{{ ansible_os_family }}"
- block:
- name: print block vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
- "{{ ansible_os_family }}"
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_block_vars"
- name: set register vars
shell: "echo role_default_vars_with_register_vars"
register: role_default_vars
- name: print role_default_vars vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars.stdout }}"
ignore_errors: yes
- name: set set_fact vars
set_fact:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_set_fact_vars"
- name: print role_default_vars vars
debug:
msg:
- "{{ role_default_vars }}"
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] ******
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_role_params_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_block_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set register vars] ******
changed: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_register_vars"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set set_fact vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_set_fact_vars"
]
}
TASK [include vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [print task vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_set_fact_vars"
}
TASK [include_role 載入方式] ******
included: my_simple_role for 107.151.199.209
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_include_role_params_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_include_role_params_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set register vars] ******
changed: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] ******
fatal: [107.151.199.209]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleUnicode object' has no attribute 'stdout'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/root/handlers/priority/my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml': line 20, column 3, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n\n- name: print role_default_vars vars\n ^ here\n"}
...ignoring
TASK [my_simple_role : set set_fact vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] ******
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_include_role_params_vars"
]
}
PLAY RECAP ******
107.151.199.209 : ok=16 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=1
21.include params
include params
include和include_tasks可以使用 params 來傳遞變數- name: 包含另一個任務檔案 include_tasks: other_tasks.yml vars: param1: "value1" param2: "value2"
include_params.yaml
---
- name: Display vars
debug:
msg: "The user is {{ role_default_vars }}"
playbook.yaml
---
- hosts: ubuntu
gather_facts: yes
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_playbook_vars"
vars_files:
- "vars/vars.yaml"
tasks:
- name: include vars
include_vars: "include_vars.yaml"
- name: print task vars
debug:
msg: "{{ role_default_vars }}"
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_tasks_vars"
- name: "include_role 載入方式"
include_role:
name: my_simple_role
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_include_role_params_vars"
- name: print include_tasks_params_vars
include_tasks: "include_params.yaml"
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_include_task_params_vars"
roles:
- name: "role 方式載入"
role: my_simple_role
vars:
role_default_vars: "role_default_vars_with_role_params_vars"
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
PLAY [ubuntu] *****
TASK [Gathering Facts] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_role_params_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_block_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set register vars] *****
changed: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_register_vars"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set set_fact vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_set_fact_vars"
]
}
TASK [include vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [print task vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "role_default_vars_with_set_fact_vars"
}
TASK [include_role 載入方式] *****
included: my_simple_role for 107.151.199.209
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_include_role_params_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_include_role_params_vars",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set register vars] *****
changed: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *****
fatal: [107.151.199.209]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleUnicode object' has no attribute 'stdout'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/root/handlers/priority/my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml': line 20, column 3, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n\n- name: print role_default_vars vars\n ^ here\n"}
...ignoring
TASK [my_simple_role : set set_fact vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"role_default_vars_with_include_role_params_vars"
]
}
TASK [print include_tasks_params_vars] *****
included: /root/handlers/priority/include_params.yaml for 107.151.199.209
TASK [Display vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "The user is role_default_vars_with_include_task_params_vars"
}
PLAY RECAP *****
107.151.199.209 : ok=18 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=1
22. 額外變數 (for example, -e "user=my_user")(always win precedence)
extra vars (for example, -e "user=my_user")(always win precedence)
這屬於開掛,像極了css的 !import 提升權重
ansible-playbook playbook.yaml -e "role_default_vars=123"
PLAY [ubuntu] *****
TASK [Gathering Facts] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"123",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"123",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set register vars] *****
changed: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *****
fatal: [107.151.199.209]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'str object' has no attribute 'stdout'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/root/handlers/priority/my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml': line 20, column 3, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n\n- name: print role_default_vars vars\n ^ here\n"}
...ignoring
TASK [my_simple_role : set set_fact vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"123"
]
}
TASK [include vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [print task vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "123"
}
TASK [include_role 載入方式] *****
included: my_simple_role for 107.151.199.209
TASK [my_simple_role : print vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"123",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : print block vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"123",
"Debian"
]
}
TASK [my_simple_role : set register vars] *****
changed: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *****
fatal: [107.151.199.209]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'str object' has no attribute 'stdout'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/root/handlers/priority/my_simple_role/tasks/main.yml': line 20, column 3, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n\n- name: print role_default_vars vars\n ^ here\n"}
...ignoring
TASK [my_simple_role : set set_fact vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209]
TASK [my_simple_role : print role_default_vars vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": [
"123"
]
}
TASK [print include_tasks_params_vars] *****
included: /root/handlers/priority/include_params.yaml for 107.151.199.209
TASK [Display vars] *****
ok: [107.151.199.209] => {
"msg": "The user is 123"
}
PLAY RECAP *****
107.151.199.209 : ok=18 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=2