Linux是作為一個多使用者、多工的作業系統，檔案一旦被刪除是難以恢復的。儘管刪除命令只是在檔案節點中作刪除標記，並不真正清除檔案內容，但是其他使用者和一些有寫盤動作的程式會很快覆蓋這些資料。在日常工程中，誰也說不準永遠不犯錯誤，萬一哪天不小心誤操作刪除了一些重要檔案，該怎麼辦呢？？
莫慌！這裡介紹一款神器extundelete，這是針對ext4檔案格式下檔案刪除後的恢復工具，十分強大！！
廢話不多說，下面開始介紹這款神器的使用：
1）下載並安裝軟體
extundelete主頁：http://extundelete.sourceforge.net/
下載地址：http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/extundelete/extundelete/0.2.0/extundelete-0.2.0.tar.bz2
百度雲盤下載：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1c1XYHc0
獲取地址：xsmg
下載到本機的/usr/local/src目錄下
[root@slave-node ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@slave-node src]# tar -jvxf extundelete-0.2.0.tar.bz2
[root@slave-node src]# cd extundelete-0.2.0
[root@slave-node extundelete-0.2.0]# yum -y install e2fsprogs* //不然會提示找不到ext2fs庫
[root@slave-node extundelete-0.2.0]# ./configure
[root@slave-node extundelete-0.2.0]# make && make install
2)執行刪除操作（要是/根分割槽之外的分割槽，並且只能是檔案刪除後的恢復，目錄刪除不能恢復）
[root@slave-node ~]# df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 ext4 151189708 2370020 141139688 2% /
tmpfs tmpfs 32960412 0 32960412 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 198337 26798 161299 15% /boot
/dev/sda2 ext4 806346400 201304 765185096 1% /home
[root@slave-node ~]# cd /home/
[root@slave-node home]# echo "123456"> test1
[root@slave-node home]# echo "hahahahha" > wangshibo
[root@slave-node home]# ls
lost+found test1 wangshibo zabbix
刪除檔案
[root@slave-node home]# rm -rf test1 wangshibo
[root@slave-node home]# ls
lost+found zabbix
3）資料刪除後的恢復操作
首先恢復前，解除安裝需要恢復檔案的分割槽
[root@slave-node ~]# umount /home/ //如果解除安裝失敗，就用命令"fuser -k /home"結束使用此分割槽的程式樹
[root@slave-node ~]# df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 ext4 151189708 2370024 141139684 2% /
tmpfs tmpfs 32960412 0 32960412 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 198337 26798 161299 15% /boot
使用extundelete檢視分割槽上存在的檔案,如下：
--inode 為查詢某i節點中的內容，使用2則說明為搜尋，如果需要進入目錄搜尋，只須要指定目錄I節點即可
[root@slave-node ~]# extundelete --inode 2 /dev/sda2
WARNING: Extended attributes are not restored.
Loading filesystem metadata ... 6250 groups loaded.
Contents of inode 2:
0000 | ed 41 00 00 00 10 00 00 84 10 49 58 82 10 49 58 | .A........IX..IX
0010 | 82 10 49 58 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 08 00 00 00 | ..IX............
0020 | 00 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 21 24 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ........!$......
0030 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0040 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0050 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0060 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0070 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0080 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
0090 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 62 0e 49 58 62 0e 49 58 | ........b.IXb.IX
00a0 | 62 0e 49 58 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | b.IX............
00b0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00d0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
00f0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................
Inode is Allocated
Group: 0
File mode: 16877
Low 16 bits of Owner Uid: 0
Size in bytes: 4096
Access time: 1481183364
Creation time: 1481183362
Modification time: 1481183362
Deletion Time: 0
Low 16 bits of Group Id: 0
Links count: 4
Blocks count: 8
File flags: 0
File version (for NFS): 0
File ACL: 0
Directory ACL: 0
Fragment address: 0
Direct blocks: 9249, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
Indirect block: 0
Double indirect block: 0
Triple indirect block: 0
File name | Inode number | Deleted status
Directory block 9249:
. 2
.. 2
lost+found 11
haha 12 Deleted
zabbix 17432577
test1 12 Deleted
wangshibo 13 Deleted
如上可以看出，被刪除的兩個檔案test1和wangshibo已經被找到，狀態為已經刪除。
接下來就將它們恢復出來：
[root@slave-node ~]# extundelete --restore-inode 12 /dev/sda2
WARNING: Extended attributes are not restored.
Loading filesystem metadata ... 6250 groups loaded.
Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded.
Restored inode 12 to file RECOVERED_FILES/file.12
[root@slave-node ~]# extundelete --restore-inode 13 /dev/sda2
WARNING: Extended attributes are not restored.
Loading filesystem metadata ... 6250 groups loaded.
Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded.
Restored inode 13 to file RECOVERED_FILES/file.13
[root@slave-node ~]# ls RECOVERED_FILES/
file.12 file.13
[root@slave-node ~]# mount /dev/sda2 /home/ //重新掛載home分割槽
[root@slave-node ~]# mv RECOVERED_FILES/file.12 /home/test1
[root@slave-node ~]# mv RECOVERED_FILES/file.13 /home/wangshibo
再次檢視home分割槽，發現刪除的檔案已經恢復回來了,很強大！！！
[root@slave-node ~]# cd /home/
[root@slave-node home]# ls
lost+found test1 wangshibo zabbix
[root@slave-node home]# cat test1
123456
[root@slave-node home]# cat wangshibo
hahahahha
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面介紹的是在ext4檔案格式下的檔案刪除後的恢復，那如果是ext3檔案格式下的檔案刪除後想恢復，怎麼辦呢？
可以使用debugfs工具，這是linux系統自帶工具，debugfs恢復Ext3的檔案系統中被rm、rm -f 掉的檔案。
例項說明：
[root@slave-node ~]# df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 ext3 151189708 2370036 141139672 2% /
tmpfs tmpfs 32960412 0 32960412 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext3 198337 26798 161299 15% /boot
建立一個檔案
[root@slave-node ~]# mkdir test
[root@slave-node ~]# echo "123456" > /root/test/test.file
刪除檔案
[root@slave-node ~]# rm -rf /root/test/test.file
接著運用系統自帶工具debugfs來恢復已刪除的檔案
首先開啟，剛剛被刪除檔案所在的分割槽
注意上面顯示的有<>尖括號內的數字就是我們要找的檔案Inode號，執行logdump –i <8654024>
[root@slave-node ~]# debugfs
debugfs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
debugfs: open /dev/sda3
debugfs: ls -d /root/test
8654023 (12) . 8519681 (4084) .. <8654024> (4072) test.file
debugfs: logdump -i 8654024
FS block 1006 logged at sequence 404351, journal block 7241
(inode block for inode 15):
Inode: 15 Type: regular Mode: 0664 Flags: 0×0 Generation: 0
User: 0 Group: 0 Size: 20
File ACL: 0 Directory ACL: 0
Links: 1 Blockcount: 8
Fragment: Address: 0 Number: 0 Size: 0
ctime: 0×48159f2d — Mon Apr 28 15:25:57 2008
atime: 0×48159f27 — Mon Apr 28 15:25:51 2008
mtime: 0×4806f070 — Thu Apr 17 12:08:40 2008
Blocks: (0+1): 102348
No magic number at block 7247: end of journal.
執行完命令後，顯示了一屏資訊，需要注意的是下面Blocks這一行後面的值（如上資訊，需要記住Blocks這一行後面的數字102348）
輸入quit，退出debugfs
debugfs: quit
[root@slave-node ~]#
執行如下命令進行恢復：
[root@slave-node ~]# dd if=/dev/sda3 of=/tmp/test.file.bk bs=4096 count=1 skip=102348
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 0.0110028 s, 372 kB/s
最後檢視tmp目錄下，發現已經恢復了我們之前刪除的檔案內容
[root@slave-node ~]# cd /tmp/
[root@slave-node tmp]# cat test.file.bk
[root@slave-node tmp]# mv test.file.bk /root/test.file
[root@slave-node tmp]# cat /root/test.file
123456