0x00 前言說明
最近買了一塊Raspberry Pi Zero 2W來玩，目的是想搭建一臺遠端執行的個人伺服器，上面放個部落格、點個燈啥的。於是就有了這篇文章。
樹莓派官網地址：https://www.raspberrypi.com/
補一張圖哈哈！
0x01 SSH連線
首先一開始買到手之後我是很懵的，於是在google上找到了以下幾篇文章幫助了我很多。
- https://www.freesion.com/article/3840979679/
- https://www.cnblogs.com/liaouser/p/15844159.html
- https://www.freebuf.com/geek/209255.html
- https://shumeipai.nxez.com/2018/02/20/raspberry-pi-zero-usb-ethernet-gadget-tutorial.html?variant=zh-cn
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUU-ch8LEcE&ab_channel=ITCommander
看了那個youtube上面的視訊後，發現其實買之前是可以叫淘寶客服幫忙焊接gpio引腳的。然後發現我身邊有一個電烙鐵，於是打算試一下（從來焊接過），結局如下
貼一個國外大佬的樹莓派zero2w gpio焊接教程：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDdbaMk39tM&ab_channel=BasvanderSluis
還好，沒有壞掉！哈哈，這就是不看教程就直接動手的後果，望大家引以為戒！那麼，跟著上面的教程寫入作業系統到sd卡之後就是安裝驅動和ssh連線樹莓派了，連線的時候遇到了一個問題就是pi@raspberrypi.local's password，ssh登入不上去，看了下官方發現：
There are also mechanisms to preconfigure an image without using Imager. To set up a user on first boot and bypass the wizard completely, create a file called userconf or userconf.txt in the boot partition of the SD card; this is the part of the SD card which can be seen when it is mounted in a Windows or MacOS computer.
This file should contain a single line of text, consisting of username:encrypted- password – so your desired username, followed immediately by a colon, followed immediately by an encrypted representation of the password you want to use.
To generate the encrypted password, the easiest way is to use OpenSSL on a Raspberry Pi that is already running – open a terminal window and enter
echo 'mypassword' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin
This will produce what looks like a string of random characters, which is actually an encrypted version of the supplied password.
https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-bullseye-update-april-2022/
簡單來說就是樹莓派為了安全起見不在使用預設密碼，所以需要在啟動前在boot目錄下建立一個userconf.txt，格式如下：
username:encrypted-password
其中encrypted-password可以用echo 'mypassword' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin這條命令生成，貼一下我生成的配置：
pi:$6$T12E4motTbeG7HXC$0vvzm.7sNj9bsEzVL2JT4P9OYXpvsk3lwqK6CzTVyyLrRdUA.fZVWrfzqmU./mmuU1O/i3xSueXPX4ieBjrCM/
也就是使用者名稱為pi，密碼為raspberry。重新寫入sd卡之後，再次連線一波！
λ ssh pi@raspberrypi.local -p 22
Warning: Permanently added the ECDSA host key for IP address '169.254.155.237' to the list of known hosts.
pi@raspberrypi.local's password:
Linux raspberrypi 5.15.32-v8+ #1538 SMP PREEMPT Thu Mar 31 19:40:39 BST 2022 aarch64
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Mon Apr 4 15:41:56 2022
SSH is enabled and the default password for the 'pi' user has not been changed.
This is a security risk - please login as the 'pi' user and type 'passwd' to set a new password.
Wi-Fi is currently blocked by rfkill.
Use raspi-config to set the country before use.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $
成功了！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！哇，成就感滿滿的！
0x02 配置網路
輸入sudo raspi-config,選擇國家—> “System Options”—>選第一個 —> 輸入WiFi名稱密碼—> 重啟sudo reboot
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 10 bytes 1600 (1.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 10 bytes 1600 (1.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
usb0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 169.254.174.149 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 169.254.255.255
inet6 fe80::74a7:e6a5:d1b2:66e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 62:ae:a7:2d:b5:2f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 187 bytes 19160 (18.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 30 bytes 5905 (5.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 240e:379:1a87:b500:fc16:62d:3ce4:de2b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
inet6 fe80::4ee:25c1:2732:51c0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether e4:5f:01:4b:3a:e4 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 157 bytes 24008 (23.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 87 bytes 14755 (14.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.39) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=19.8 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=23.1 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=4 ttl=55 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=5 ttl=55 time=22.8 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=6 ttl=55 time=24.1 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 5007ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 19.849/22.594/24.104/1.306 ms
pi@raspberrypi:~ $
連線網路成功！哦耶！
0x03 文字結語
那麼先到這裡，後續出一個電燈的文章！！！