4-Windows程式設計 -文字輸出

　　4、1 字元輸出

            

 

            

 

 

　　　　4-1 程式   

　　　　　　迴圈輸出介面介面

// 4-1_文字輸出.cpp : 定義應用程式的入口點。
//

#include "pch.h"
#include "framework.h"
#include "4-1_文字輸出.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
#define LINEHEIGHT 15 
// 全域性變數:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // 當前例項
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // 標題欄文字
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // 主視窗類名

// 此程式碼模組中包含的函式的前向宣告:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: 在此處放置程式碼。

    // 初始化全域性字串
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_MY41, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // 執行應用程式初始化:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_MY41));

    MSG msg;

    // 主訊息迴圈:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  函式: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目標: 註冊視窗類。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MY41));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL; // MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_MY41);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   函式: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目標: 儲存例項控制程式碼並建立主視窗
//
//   註釋:
//
//        在此函式中，我們在全域性變數中儲存例項控制程式碼並
//        建立和顯示主程式視窗。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // 將例項控制程式碼儲存在全域性變數中

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  函式: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目標: 處理主視窗的訊息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - 處理應用程式選單
//  WM_PAINT    - 繪製主視窗
//  WM_DESTROY  - 傳送退出訊息並返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // 分析選單選擇:
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {

            TCHAR szBuffer[1024];
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: 在此處新增使用 hdc 的任何繪圖程式碼...
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
            {
                _sntprintf(szBuffer, 1024, TEXT("文字輸出 %d"), i+1);
                TextOut(hdc, 0, i*LINEHEIGHT, szBuffer, lstrlen(szBuffer));
            }
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// “關於”框的訊息處理程式。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

               

 

 

　　4、2 系統字型

               

 

　　　　4-2 程式   

　　　　　　動態計算字型

// 4-2_動態計算字型.cpp : 定義應用程式的入口點。
//

#include "pch.h"
#include "framework.h"
#include "4-2_動態計算字型.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// 全域性變數:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // 當前例項
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // 標題欄文字
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // 主視窗類名

// 此程式碼模組中包含的函式的前向宣告:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: 在此處放置程式碼。

    // 初始化全域性字串
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_MY42, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // 執行應用程式初始化:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_MY42));

    MSG msg;

    // 主訊息迴圈:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  函式: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目標: 註冊視窗類。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MY42));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName =  NULL;//MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_MY42);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   函式: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目標: 儲存例項控制程式碼並建立主視窗
//
//   註釋:
//
//        在此函式中，我們在全域性變數中儲存例項控制程式碼並
//        建立和顯示主程式視窗。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // 將例項控制程式碼儲存在全域性變數中

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  函式: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目標: 處理主視窗的訊息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - 處理應用程式選單
//  WM_PAINT    - 繪製主視窗
//  WM_DESTROY  - 傳送退出訊息並返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
        static int cyChar; //字元高度，行高，行間距
        static int cxChar;//字元寬度
        static int cxCaps; //大寫字元
        static int cxScreen, cyScreen; //螢幕的寬高
        TCHAR szBuffer[40];
        int iLength;
        TEXTMETRIC tm;
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;
    case WM_CREATE:
         hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
        GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm);

        //小寫字元的寬度
        cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth;

        //小寫字元的高度    +     行間距
        cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading;  

        //大寫字元一般設為小寫字元的1.5倍  或  等寬的字元就和小寫相等
        //檢查 低位是 1非等寬字型  0 等寬字型
        cxCaps = ((tm.tmPitchAndFamily & 1) ? 3 : 2) * cxChar / 2;

        //獲取螢幕的寬度
        cxScreen = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);

        //獲取螢幕的高度
        cyScreen = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);

        ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);
        break;
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // 分析選單選擇:
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
           
            hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: 在此處新增使用 hdc 的任何繪圖程式碼...

            //顯示螢幕寬度
            TextOut(hdc, 0, 0, TEXT("SM_CXSCREEN"), lstrlen(TEXT("SM_CXSCREEN")));
            //寬度describe
            TextOut(hdc, 22*cxCaps, 0, TEXT("Screen width in pixels"), lstrlen(TEXT("Screen width in pixels")));
            
            //對齊方式
            SetTextAlign(hdc,TA_RIGHT | TA_TOP);
            iLength = _sntprintf(szBuffer, 40, TEXT("%d"), cxScreen);
            TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps + 40 * cxChar, 0, szBuffer, iLength);

            //對齊方式
            SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_LEFT | TA_TOP);
            //顯示螢幕高度
            TextOut(hdc, 0, cyChar, TEXT("SM_CYSCREEN"), lstrlen(TEXT("SM_CYSCREEN")));
            //高度describe
            TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps, cyChar, TEXT("Screen height in pixels"), lstrlen(TEXT("Screen height in pixels")));
            //對齊方式
            SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_RIGHT | TA_TOP);
            iLength = _sntprintf(szBuffer, 40, TEXT("%d"), cyScreen);
            TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps + 40 * cxChar, cyChar, szBuffer, iLength);

            //對齊方式
            SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_LEFT | TA_TOP);


            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// “關於”框的訊息處理程式。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

               

 

 　　4、3 滾動條

                

 

　　　　4-3 程式   

　　　　　　滾動條。（下面自動建立的程式碼中不需要的程式碼已刪）

// 4-3_滾動條.cpp : 定義應用程式的入口點。
//

#include "pch.h"
#include "framework.h"
#include "4-3_滾動條.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
#define MAX_LINE 200


// 全域性變數:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // 當前例項
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // 標題欄文字
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // 主視窗類名

// 此程式碼模組中包含的函式的前向宣告:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: 在此處放置程式碼。

    // 初始化全域性字串
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_MY43, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // 執行應用程式初始化:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_MY43));

    MSG msg;

    // 主訊息迴圈:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  函式: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目標: 註冊視窗類。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MY43));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;// MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_MY43);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   函式: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目標: 儲存例項控制程式碼並建立主視窗
//
//   註釋:
//
//        在此函式中，我們在全域性變數中儲存例項控制程式碼並
//        建立和顯示主程式視窗。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // 將例項控制程式碼儲存在全域性變數中

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VSCROLL,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  函式: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目標: 處理主視窗的訊息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - 處理應用程式選單
//  WM_PAINT    - 繪製主視窗
//  WM_DESTROY  - 傳送退出訊息並返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;

        static int cyChar;  //字型高度
        int x, y;  //文字顯示座標
        static int iVscrollPos; //滾動條位置
        static int cyClient;  //客戶區
        TEXTMETRIC tm;
        SCROLLINFO si;   
    case WM_SIZE:
        cyClient = HIWORD(lParam); //調整視窗大小，引數中可獲取高度

        si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
        si.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE ;
        si.nMin = 0;
        si.nMax = MAX_LINE - 1;
        si.nPage = cyClient / cyChar;
        SetScrollInfo(hWnd,SB_VERT,&si,TRUE);
        break;
    case WM_CREATE:
        hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
        GetTextMetrics(hdc,&tm); //文字度量
        cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading; //文字高度 + 行間距
        ReleaseDC(hWnd,hdc);

        iVscrollPos = 0;   //滾動條的初始值
        SetScrollRange(hWnd,SB_VERT,0,MAX_LINE-1,FALSE); //設定滾動條範圍
        SetScrollPos(hWnd,SB_VERT,iVscrollPos,TRUE);  //設定位置
        return 0;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
           hdc  = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: 在此處新增使用 hdc 的任何繪圖程式碼...
            TCHAR szBuffer[1024];  //字元緩衝區
            for (int i = 0; i < MAX_LINE; i++)
            {
                x = 0;   //水平垂直座標
                y =cyChar *(i - iVscrollPos); //垂直繪製座標
                _snwprintf(szBuffer, 1024, TEXT("滾動條 %d"), i+1);  //格式轉化
                TextOut(hdc, x, y, szBuffer, lstrlen(szBuffer)); //文字輸出
            }
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_VSCROLL:
        switch (LOWORD(wParam))
        {
        case SB_LINEUP:        //按鈕上
            iVscrollPos -= 1;
            break;
        case SB_LINEDOWN:    //按鈕下
            iVscrollPos+= 1;
            break;
        case SB_PAGEDOWN:
            iVscrollPos += cyClient / cyChar; //點選下一頁
            break;
        case SB_PAGEUP:
            iVscrollPos -= cyClient / cyChar;  //點選上一頁
            break;
        case SB_THUMBPOSITION:   //拖動滑鼠
            iVscrollPos = HIWORD(wParam); //移動是獲取位置
        default:
            break;
        }
        iVscrollPos = max(0, min(iVscrollPos, MAX_LINE - 1));  //設定範圍
        if (iVscrollPos != GetScrollPos(hWnd, SB_VERT)) //當前位置和實際位置比較
        {
            SetScrollPos(hWnd, SB_VERT, iVscrollPos, TRUE);  //重新設定位置
            InvalidateRect(hWnd,NULL,TRUE);  //重新繪製視窗
        }
            

        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

               

 　　5、例子

　　　　

　　　　

 

　　　　 

 

 　　　　用上面你的函式做一個例子。

 

// 4_4_例子Sysmets.cpp : 定義應用程式的入口點。
//

#include "pch.h"
#include "framework.h"
#include "4_4_例子Sysmets.h"
#include "data.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// 全域性變數:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // 當前例項
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // 標題欄文字
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // 主視窗類名

// 此程式碼模組中包含的函式的前向宣告:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: 在此處放置程式碼。

    // 初始化全域性字串
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_MY44SYSMETS, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // 執行應用程式初始化:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_MY44SYSMETS));

    MSG msg;

    // 主訊息迴圈:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  函式: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目標: 註冊視窗類。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MY44SYSMETS));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;//MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_MY44SYSMETS);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   函式: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目標: 儲存例項控制程式碼並建立主視窗
//
//   註釋:
//
//        在此函式中，我們在全域性變數中儲存例項控制程式碼並
//        建立和顯示主程式視窗。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // 將例項控制程式碼儲存在全域性變數中

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, TEXT("Get System Metrics NO.1"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VSCROLL,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);

   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  函式: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目標: 處理主視窗的訊息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - 處理應用程式選單
//  WM_PAINT    - 繪製主視窗
//  WM_DESTROY  - 傳送退出訊息並返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
        static int cxChar, cxCaps, cyChar, iVScrollPos,cyClient;
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;
        TCHAR szBuffer[10];
        TEXTMETRIC tm;
        size_t y;
        SCROLLINFO si;
        size_t iVertPos;
        size_t iPaintBeg, iPaintEnd;
    case WM_CREATE:
        {
            hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
            GetTextMetrics(hdc,&tm);
            cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth;

            //變寬的字型是小寫字型的1.5倍
            cxCaps = (tm.tmPitchAndFamily & 1 ? 3 : 2) * cxChar / 2;

            //字型的高度 + 外部的間距(字型設計的人推薦的加)
            cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading;

            ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);
            iVScrollPos = 0;

            //SetScrollRange(hWnd, SB_VERT, 0, NUMLINES - 1, FALSE);
            //SetScrollPos(hWnd, SB_VERT, iVScrollPos, TRUE);

            return 0;
        }
    case WM_SIZE:
        //客戶區的高度
        cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);

        si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
        si.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE;
        //客戶區一頁有多少行
        si.nPage = cyClient / cyChar;
        si.nMin = 0;
        si.nMax = NUMLINES;

        SetScrollInfo(hWnd, SB_VERT, &si, true);
        break;
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // 分析選單選擇:
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
           hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: 在此處新增使用 hdc 的任何繪圖程式碼...
           si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
           si.fMask = SIF_POS;
           GetScrollInfo(hWnd, SB_VERT, &si);
           iVertPos = si.nPos;

           //無效區域開始位置
           iPaintBeg = max(0, iVertPos + ps.rcPaint.top/cyChar);

           //無效區域結束位置
           iPaintEnd = min(NUMLINES - 1, iVertPos + ps.rcPaint.bottom / cyChar);

           for (int i = iPaintBeg; i <= iPaintEnd; ++i)
           {
               y = cyChar * (i - iVertPos);
                TextOut(hdc, 0, y, sysmetrics[i].szLabel, lstrlen(sysmetrics[i].szLabel));
                TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps, y, sysmetrics[i].szDesc, lstrlen(sysmetrics[i].szDesc));

                SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_RIGHT | TA_TOP);
                TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps + 40 * cxChar, y, szBuffer, wsprintf(szBuffer, TEXT("%5d"), GetSystemMetrics(sysmetrics[i].iIndex)));
                SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_LEFT | TA_TOP);
           }
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); 
        }
        break;
    case WM_VSCROLL:
        si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
        si.fMask = SIF_ALL;
        GetScrollInfo(hWnd,SB_VERT,&si);
        iVertPos = si.nPos;
        switch (LOWORD(wParam))
        {
        case SB_LINEUP:
            //iVScrollPos -= 1; 
            si.nPos -= 1;
            break;
        case SB_LINEDOWN:
            //iVScrollPos += 1;
            si.nPos += 1;
            break;
        case SB_PAGEUP:
            //iVScrollPos -= cyClient / cyChar;
            si.nPos -= si.nPage;
            break;
        case SB_PAGEDOWN:
            //iVScrollPos += cyClient / cyChar;
            si.nPos += si.nPage;
            break;

        //case SB_THUMBPOSITION:
        case SB_THUMBTRACK:
            //iVScrollPos = HIWORD(wParam);
            si.nPos = si.nTrackPos;
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        si.fMask = SIF_POS;
        SetScrollInfo(hWnd, SB_VERT, &si, TRUE);
        GetScrollInfo(hWnd, SB_VERT, &si);

        if (si.nPos != iVertPos)
        {
            //重新整理滾動視窗客戶區的內容
            ScrollWindow(hWnd, 0, cyChar*(iVertPos - si.nPos), NULL, NULL);
            UpdateWindow(hWnd);
        }


        //iVScrollPos = max(0, min(iVScrollPos, NUMLINES - 1));


        //if (iVScrollPos != GetScrollPos(hWnd,SB_VERT))
        //{
        //    SetScrollPos(hWnd, SB_VERT, iVScrollPos, true);
        //    InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, TRUE);
        //    UpdateWindow(hWnd);
        //}
        
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// “關於”框的訊息處理程式。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

#pragma once
//data.h    標頭檔案內容

#define NUMLINES ((int) (sizeof sysmetrics / sizeof sysmetrics [0]))

struct
{
    int     iIndex;
    TCHAR * szLabel;
    TCHAR * szDesc;
}
sysmetrics[] =
{
     SM_CXSCREEN,              TEXT("SM_CXSCREEN"),
                              TEXT("Screen width in pixels"),
     SM_CYSCREEN,             TEXT("SM_CYSCREEN"),
                              TEXT("Screen height in pixels"),
     SM_CXVSCROLL,            TEXT("SM_CXVSCROLL"),
                              TEXT("Vertical scroll width"),
     SM_CYHSCROLL,            TEXT("SM_CYHSCROLL"),
                              TEXT("Horizontal scroll height"),
     SM_CYCAPTION,            TEXT("SM_CYCAPTION"),
                              TEXT("Caption bar height"),
     SM_CXBORDER,             TEXT("SM_CXBORDER"),
                              TEXT("Window border width"),
     SM_CYBORDER,             TEXT("SM_CYBORDER"),
                              TEXT("Window border height"),
     SM_CXFIXEDFRAME,         TEXT("SM_CXFIXEDFRAME"),
                              TEXT("Dialog window frame width"),
     SM_CYFIXEDFRAME,         TEXT("SM_CYFIXEDFRAME"),
                              TEXT("Dialog window frame height"),
     SM_CYVTHUMB,             TEXT("SM_CYVTHUMB"),
                              TEXT("Vertical scroll thumb height"),
     SM_CXHTHUMB,             TEXT("SM_CXHTHUMB"),
                              TEXT("Horizontal scroll thumb width"),
     SM_CXICON,               TEXT("SM_CXICON"),
                              TEXT("Icon width"),
     SM_CYICON,               TEXT("SM_CYICON"),
                              TEXT("Icon height"),
     SM_CXCURSOR,             TEXT("SM_CXCURSOR"),
                              TEXT("Cursor width"),
     SM_CYCURSOR,             TEXT("SM_CYCURSOR"),
                              TEXT("Cursor height"),
     SM_CYMENU,               TEXT("SM_CYMENU"),
                              TEXT("Menu bar height"),
     SM_CXFULLSCREEN,         TEXT("SM_CXFULLSCREEN"),
                              TEXT("Full screen client area width"),
     SM_CYFULLSCREEN,         TEXT("SM_CYFULLSCREEN"),
                              TEXT("Full screen client area height"),
     SM_CYKANJIWINDOW,        TEXT("SM_CYKANJIWINDOW"),
                              TEXT("Kanji window height"),
     SM_MOUSEPRESENT,         TEXT("SM_MOUSEPRESENT"),
                              TEXT("Mouse present flag"),
     SM_CYVSCROLL,            TEXT("SM_CYVSCROLL"),
                              TEXT("Vertical scroll arrow height"),
     SM_CXHSCROLL,            TEXT("SM_CXHSCROLL"),
                              TEXT("Horizontal scroll arrow width"),
     SM_DEBUG,                TEXT("SM_DEBUG"),
                              TEXT("Debug version flag"),
     SM_SWAPBUTTON,           TEXT("SM_SWAPBUTTON"),
                              TEXT("Mouse buttons swapped flag"),
     SM_CXMIN,                TEXT("SM_CXMIN"),
                              TEXT("Minimum window width"),
     SM_CYMIN,                TEXT("SM_CYMIN"),
                              TEXT("Minimum window height"),
     SM_CXSIZE,               TEXT("SM_CXSIZE"),
                              TEXT("Min/Max/Close button width"),
     SM_CYSIZE,               TEXT("SM_CYSIZE"),
                              TEXT("Min/Max/Close button height"),
     SM_CXSIZEFRAME,          TEXT("SM_CXSIZEFRAME"),
                              TEXT("Window sizing frame width"),
     SM_CYSIZEFRAME,          TEXT("SM_CYSIZEFRAME"),
                              TEXT("Window sizing frame height"),
     SM_CXMINTRACK,           TEXT("SM_CXMINTRACK"),
                              TEXT("Minimum window tracking width"),
     SM_CYMINTRACK,           TEXT("SM_CYMINTRACK"),
                              TEXT("Minimum window tracking height"),
     SM_CXDOUBLECLK,          TEXT("SM_CXDOUBLECLK"),
                              TEXT("Double click x tolerance"),
     SM_CYDOUBLECLK,          TEXT("SM_CYDOUBLECLK"),
                              TEXT("Double click y tolerance"),
     SM_CXICONSPACING,        TEXT("SM_CXICONSPACING"),
                              TEXT("Horizontal icon spacing"),
     SM_CYICONSPACING,        TEXT("SM_CYICONSPACING"),
                              TEXT("Vertical icon spacing"),
     SM_MENUDROPALIGNMENT,    TEXT("SM_MENUDROPALIGNMENT"),
                              TEXT("Left or right menu drop"),
     SM_PENWINDOWS,           TEXT("SM_PENWINDOWS"),
                              TEXT("Pen extensions installed"),
     SM_DBCSENABLED,          TEXT("SM_DBCSENABLED"),
                              TEXT("Double-Byte Char Set enabled"),
     SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS,        TEXT("SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS"),
                              TEXT("Number of mouse buttons"),
     SM_SECURE,               TEXT("SM_SECURE"),
                              TEXT("Security present flag"),
     SM_CXEDGE,               TEXT("SM_CXEDGE"),
                              TEXT("3-D border width"),
     SM_CYEDGE,               TEXT("SM_CYEDGE"),
                              TEXT("3-D border height"),
     SM_CXMINSPACING,         TEXT("SM_CXMINSPACING"),
                              TEXT("Minimized window spacing width"),
     SM_CYMINSPACING,         TEXT("SM_CYMINSPACING"),
                              TEXT("Minimized window spacing height"),
     SM_CXSMICON,             TEXT("SM_CXSMICON"),
                              TEXT("Small icon width"),
     SM_CYSMICON,             TEXT("SM_CYSMICON"),
                              TEXT("Small icon height"),
     SM_CYSMCAPTION,          TEXT("SM_CYSMCAPTION"),
                              TEXT("Small caption height"),
     SM_CXSMSIZE,             TEXT("SM_CXSMSIZE"),
                              TEXT("Small caption button width"),
     SM_CYSMSIZE,             TEXT("SM_CYSMSIZE"),
                              TEXT("Small caption button height"),
     SM_CXMENUSIZE,           TEXT("SM_CXMENUSIZE"),
                              TEXT("Menu bar button width"),
     SM_CYMENUSIZE,           TEXT("SM_CYMENUSIZE"),
                              TEXT("Menu bar button height"),
     SM_ARRANGE,              TEXT("SM_ARRANGE"),
                              TEXT("How minimized windows arranged"),
     SM_CXMINIMIZED,          TEXT("SM_CXMINIMIZED"),
                              TEXT("Minimized window width"),
     SM_CYMINIMIZED,          TEXT("SM_CYMINIMIZED"),
                              TEXT("Minimized window height"),
     SM_CXMAXTRACK,           TEXT("SM_CXMAXTRACK"),
                              TEXT("Maximum draggable width"),
     SM_CYMAXTRACK,           TEXT("SM_CYMAXTRACK"),
                              TEXT("Maximum draggable height"),
     SM_CXMAXIMIZED,          TEXT("SM_CXMAXIMIZED"),
                              TEXT("Width of maximized window"),
     SM_CYMAXIMIZED,          TEXT("SM_CYMAXIMIZED"),
                              TEXT("Height of maximized window"),
     SM_NETWORK,              TEXT("SM_NETWORK"),
                              TEXT("Network present flag"),
     SM_CLEANBOOT,            TEXT("SM_CLEANBOOT"),
                              TEXT("How system was booted"),
     SM_CXDRAG,               TEXT("SM_CXDRAG"),
                              TEXT("Avoid drag x tolerance"),
     SM_CYDRAG,               TEXT("SM_CYDRAG"),
                              TEXT("Avoid drag y tolerance"),
     SM_SHOWSOUNDS,           TEXT("SM_SHOWSOUNDS"),
                              TEXT("Present sounds visually"),
     SM_CXMENUCHECK,          TEXT("SM_CXMENUCHECK"),
                              TEXT("Menu check-mark width"),
     SM_CYMENUCHECK,          TEXT("SM_CYMENUCHECK"),
                              TEXT("Menu check-mark height"),
     SM_SLOWMACHINE,          TEXT("SM_SLOWMACHINE"),
                              TEXT("Slow processor flag"),
     SM_MIDEASTENABLED,       TEXT("SM_MIDEASTENABLED"),
                              TEXT("Hebrew and Arabic enabled flag"),
     SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT,    TEXT("SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT"),
                              TEXT("Mouse wheel present flag"),
     SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN,       TEXT("SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN"),
                              TEXT("Virtual screen x origin"),
     SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN,       TEXT("SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN"),
                              TEXT("Virtual screen y origin"),
     SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN,      TEXT("SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN"),
                              TEXT("Virtual screen width"),
     SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN,      TEXT("SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN"),
                              TEXT("Virtual screen height"),
     SM_CMONITORS,            TEXT("SM_CMONITORS"),
                              TEXT("Number of monitors"),
     SM_SAMEDISPLAYFORMAT,    TEXT("SM_SAMEDISPLAYFORMAT"),
                              TEXT("Same color format flag")
};