centOS 7 離線安裝 MySQL 5.6
centOS 7 離線安裝 MySQL 5.6
準備環境
1、離線 centOS 7（此處為 centOS 7 最小安裝）
2、nginx 安裝檔案 （mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 已放到下面的連結中，請自行下載或自己去官網下載最新版）
3、nginx 依賴包 （目前已放到 lib 目錄中，可自行下載）
目前所有安裝所需要的包和依賴都可去以下地址自行根據所對應軟體進行下載
https://gitee.com/livekeys/linux-offline-installation-software.git
一、解除安裝 mariadb
查詢之前是否有 mariadb ，有就將其刪除，並刪除以前的配置檔案 /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb*
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb*
[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]#
二、安裝依賴
將 lib 中的所有依賴上傳到 linux 中，並用命令進行安裝
[root@localhost lib]# yum -y localinstall *.rpm
三、安裝 MySQL 5.6
1、解壓並把檔案複製到你想要安裝的目錄（此處我將 /opt/mysql 作為安裝目錄）
[root@localhost mysql_install]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost mysql_install]# ls
lib mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost mysql_install]# cp -R mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql
[root@localhost mysql_install]# cd /opt/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
bin data docs include lib LICENSE man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
2、新建 mysql 組和 mysql 使用者，並將 mysql 目錄更換成 mysql 使用者組
[root@localhost mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# cd ..
[root@localhost opt]# ls
mysql
[root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
[root@localhost opt]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 13 mysql mysql 191 Mar 23 01:42 mysql
[root@localhost opt]# cd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
total 224
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 18 Mar 23 01:42 data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 55 Mar 23 01:42 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 include
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 200256 Mar 23 01:42 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 30 Mar 23 01:42 man
drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 566 Mar 23 01:42 README
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 30 Mar 23 01:42 scripts
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 share
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 23 01:42 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 136 Mar 23 01:42 support-files
3、新建 /var/lib/mysql 目錄用於存放 mysq.sock（也可以新建其他的目錄），並將該目錄所屬組更改成 myql
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls -al /var/lib/mysql
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Mar 23 01:51 .
drwxr-xr-x. 26 root root 4096 Mar 23 01:51 ..
4、進入 mysql 安裝目錄，進行初始化 mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
Installing MySQL system tables...2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13346 ...
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 0
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] Binlog end
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977
OK
Filling help tables...2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13368 ...
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 1625977
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] Binlog end
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2022-03-23 01:53:55 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd . ; /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
New default config file was created as /opt/mysql/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
4、複製和修改配置檔案
[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf
my.cnf 配置檔案內容如下：（這裡根據自己的需求修改其他配置）
注意以下幾點：
socket寫上面我們第三步新建的那個目錄basedir為 mysql 安裝目錄datadir為資料目錄（這裡是 mysql 安裝目錄下的 data 目錄）
[mysql]
# 設定mysql客戶端預設字符集
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
#設定 13306 埠
port = 13306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# 設定mysql的安裝目錄
basedir=/opt/mysql
# 設定mysql資料庫的資料的存放目錄
datadir=/opt/mysql/data
# 允許最大連線數
max_connections=200
# 服務端使用的字符集預設為8位元編碼的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 建立新表時將使用的預設儲存引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_name=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
5、複製啟動指令碼到資源目錄
[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
6、修改啟動指令碼
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
注：因為，我沒有將 mysql 安裝在 /usr/local/mysql 目錄下，所以在啟動檔案裡需要修改以下兩個值
basedir=/opt/mysql
datadir=/opt/mysql/data
7、將 mysqld 服務加入到系統服務裡面
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
8、使用命令 systemctl 啟動 mysql 服務（Active 狀態為 active (running) 即為啟動成功）
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysql
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-03-23 02:11:17 EDT; 5s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 13452 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
├─13463 /bin/sh /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/lo...
└─13688 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mys...
Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/mysql/data/localhost....r'.
Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: SUCCESS!
Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
9、將 mysql 客戶端配置到環境變數中，並使配置生效
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile
# 在末尾增加以下兩行
export MYSQL_HOME=/opt/mysql
export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile
10、測試是否能連線 mysql
注：第一次登入不需要密碼，直接回車就行
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
11、配置 root 賬號的密碼為 P@ssw0rd
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set password=password('P@ssw0rd') where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
12、設定遠端主機登入
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'P@ssw0rd' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
13、重啟 mysqld 服務並測試登入
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
至此，已完成 mysql 5.6 的安裝
如有錯誤的地方，歡迎留言指正，謝謝！