1.確保當前nginx程序執行中
[root@master10 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-08-09 17:26:42 CST; 4h 14min ago
Process: 1437 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1434 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1432 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1439 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─1439 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
├─1440 nginx: worker process
└─1441 nginx: worker process
Aug 09 17:26:42 master10 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Aug 09 17:26:42 master10 nginx[1434]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Aug 09 17:26:42 master10 nginx[1434]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Aug 09 17:26:42 master10 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
2.檢視nginx當前監聽埠
[root@master10 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1439/nginx: master
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1439/nginx: master
3.修改nginx監聽埠為12111
[root@master10 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
第39行改為12111；
儲存後還未生效，需重啟服務生效；
[root@master10 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1439/nginx: master
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1439/nginx: master
4.第一種方法，利用systemctl命令重啟服務載入
[root@master10 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@master10 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:12111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2994/nginx: master
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2994/nginx: master
重啟後檢視nginx當前監聽埠已變為12111
5.再次修改nginx監聽埠為12112
重複第3步 將埠改為12112
6.第二種方法、利用nginx命令過載
[root@master10 ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@master10 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:12112 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2994/nginx: master
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2994/nginx: master
透過 nginx -s reload重啟，然後檢視nginx當前監聽埠已變為12112
-s 引數解釋如下，意思為向主程序傳送一個訊號，引數訊號可以是:停止、退出、重新開啟、重新載入
-s signal Send a signal to the master process. The argument signal can be one of: stop, quit,
reopen, reload. The following table shows the corresponding system signals:
stop SIGTERM
quit SIGQUIT
reopen SIGUSR1
reload SIGHUP
7.再再次修改nginx監聽埠為12113
再再次重複第3步，將埠改為12113
8.第三種方法、利用kill命令過載
[root@master10 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@master10 ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 2994 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx 3032 2994 0 21:53 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 3033 2994 0 21:53 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 3114 1384 0 22:01 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@master10 ~]# kill -1 2994
[root@master10 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:12113 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2994/nginx: master
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2994/nginx: master
[root@master10 ~]#
利用kill命令過載需要提前用ps -ef | grep nginx 獲取nginx主程序的程序號，然後透過kill 訊號引數 pid對程序進行控制，透過 netstat -tunlp | grep nginx可見監聽埠已變為12113.
常見的kill訊號引數可以透過kill -l檢視
[root@master10 ~]# kill -l
1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP
6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1
11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM
16) SIGSTKFLT 17) SIGCHLD 18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP 20) SIGTSTP
21) SIGTTIN 22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG 24) SIGXCPU 25) SIGXFSZ
26) SIGVTALRM 27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH 29) SIGIO 30) SIGPWR
31) SIGSYS 34) SIGRTMIN 35) SIGRTMIN+1 36) SIGRTMIN+2 37) SIGRTMIN+3
38) SIGRTMIN+4 39) SIGRTMIN+5 40) SIGRTMIN+6 41) SIGRTMIN+7 42) SIGRTMIN+8
43) SIGRTMIN+9 44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+12 47) SIGRTMIN+13
48) SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-13 52) SIGRTMAX-12
53) SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9 56) SIGRTMAX-8 57) SIGRTMAX-7
58) SIGRTMAX-6 59) SIGRTMAX-5 60) SIGRTMAX-4 61) SIGRTMAX-3 62) SIGRTMAX-2
63) SIGRTMAX-1 64) SIGRTMAX
常用的有
kill -1 pid # 程序重讀配置檔案
kill -15 pid # 程序優雅退出
kill -9 pid # 暴力幹掉程序