使用阿里雲映象站NTP服務搭建NTP伺服器（基於CentOS 7系統）
一、NTP伺服器介紹
網路時間協議（Network Time Protocol，NTP）伺服器，也就是日常所說的NTP伺服器，用來提供同步時間服務。在生產環境中，很多人都會忽略時間問題，實際上伺服器、網路裝置等，特別是Linux作業系統和虛擬化平臺的時間不同步會導致很多問題。那麼搭建一臺NTP伺服器就非常重要，生產環境中的裝置可以直接與NTP伺服器進行時間同步，NTP伺服器本身也可以訪問互連的NTP伺服器進行同步。NTP伺服器可以是物理伺服器，也可以是虛擬機器。
二、安裝NTP服務元件
在Linux伺服器（如，CentOS、Ubuntu等作業系統）上，使用命令進行安裝。
本實驗以CentOS 7 Linux環境進行演示操作記錄。
YUM源已更新成阿里雲開源映象站裡的CentOS映象，加速快捷訪問。
[[email protected] ~]# yum clean allLoaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base extras updates Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [[email protected] ~]# yum repolistLoaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 243 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 12 MB 00:00:01 (4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:03 repo id repo name status base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072 extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 500 updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 2,963 repolist: 13,535 [[email protected] ~]#
執行
yum install -y ntp命令，進行ntp元件安裝。
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y ntpLoaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: ntpdate = 4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 for package: ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libopts.so.25()(64bit) for package: ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package autogen-libopts.x86_64 0:5.18-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================= Installing: ntp x86_64 4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 base 549 k Installing for dependencies: autogen-libopts x86_64 5.18-5.el7 base 66 k ntpdate x86_64 4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 base 87 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 701 k Installed size: 1.6 M Downloading packages: (1/3): autogen-libopts-5.18-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 66 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64.rpm | 87 kB 00:00:00 (3/3): ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64.rpm | 549 kB 00:00:00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.7 MB/s | 701 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : autogen-libopts-5.18-5.el7.x86_64 1/3 Installing : ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 2/3 Installing : ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : autogen-libopts-5.18-5.el7.x86_64 3/3 Installed: ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 Dependency Installed: autogen-libopts.x86_64 0:5.18-5.el7 ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 Complete! [[email protected] ~]#
三、配置阿里雲映象站NTP服務
配置之前，測試伺服器是否能夠訪問到阿里雲NTP伺服器。
ping ntp.aliyun.com -c 5
修改/etc/ntp.conf配置檔案。
註釋掉原來配置檔案中的NTP伺服器地址，新增阿里雲NTP伺服器地址。
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ntp.conf# For more information about this file, see the man pages# ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5).driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift# Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not# permit the source to query or modify the service on this system.restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noquery# Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could# be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of# the administrative functions.restrict 127.0.0.1 restrict ::1# Hosts on local network are less restricted.#restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.# Please consider joining the pool ().#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst#server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstserver ntp.aliyun.com#broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server#broadcastclient # broadcast client#broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server#multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client#manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server#manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client# Enable public key cryptography.#cryptoincludefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw# Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating# with symmetric key cryptography. keys /etc/ntp/keys# Specify the key identifiers which are trusted.#trustedkey 4 8 42# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility.#requestkey 8# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility.#controlkey 8# Enable writing of statistics records.#statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats# Disable the monitoring facility to prevent amplification attacks using ntpdc# monlist command when default restrict does not include the noquery flag. See# CVE-2013-5211 for more details.# Note: Monitoring will not be disabled with the limited restriction flag.disable monitor [[email protected] ~]#
四、啟動NTP服務
啟動ntp服務
systemctl start ntpd
設定ntp服務開機自啟動
systemctl enable ntpd
檢視ntp服務是否正常
systemctl status ntpd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start ntpd[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable ntpdCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service. [[email protected] ~]# systemctl status ntpd● ntpd.service - Network Time Service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-11-28 19:06:34 CST; 23h left Main PID: 1988 (ntpd) CGroup: /system.slice/ntpd.service └─1988 /usr/sbin/ntpd -u ntp:ntp -g Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: Listen normally on 3 ens32 192.168.1.50 UDP 123 Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: Listen normally on 4 lo ::1 UDP 123 Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: Listen normally on 5 ens32 fe80::e4b:3ef:613c:8741 UDP 123 Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: Listening on routing socket on fd #22 for interface updatesNov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c016 06 restart Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c012 02 freq_set kernel 0.000 PPM Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c011 01 freq_not_set Nov 28 19:09:51 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c61c 0c clock_step -86398.982768 s Nov 27 19:09:52 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c614 04 freq_mode Nov 27 19:09:53 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c618 08 no_sys_peer [[email protected] ~]#
五、檢視NTP源
ntpq -p
即[203.107.6.88]地址為阿里雲NTP伺服器的IP地址。
[[email protected] ~]# ntpq -premote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter
203.107.6.88 100.107.25.114 2 u 56 64 7 13.685 -0.002 0.415
六、檢視NTP服務狀態
# 輸出如下內容，表示在同步中，需要耐心等待一下[[email protected] ~]# ntpstatunsynchronised time server re-starting polling server every 8 s# 輸出如下內容，表示同步成功[[email protected] ~]# ntpstatsynchronised to NTP server (203.107.6.88) at stratum 3 time correct to within 958 ms polling server every 64 s
七、將客戶端與NTP伺服器同步
[[email protected] ~]# ntpdate -d 192.168.1.5028 Nov 19:37:54 ntpdate[2880]: ntpdate [email protected] Tue Jun 23 15:38:19 UTC 2020 (1) Looking for host 192.168.1.50 and service ntp host found : 192.168.1.50 transmit(192.168.1.50) receive(192.168.1.50) transmit(192.168.1.50) receive(192.168.1.50) transmit(192.168.1.50) receive(192.168.1.50) transmit(192.168.1.50) receive(192.168.1.50) server 192.168.1.50, port 123 stratum 3, precision -25, leap 00, trust 000 refid [192.168.1.50], delay 0.02652, dispersion 0.00000 transmitted 4, in filter 4 reference time: e54c9534.6f868aa9 Sat, Nov 27 2021 19:29:56.435 originate timestamp: e54c9719.4617ce7f Sat, Nov 27 2021 19:38:01.273 transmit timestamp: e54de898.b45bc870 Sun, Nov 28 2021 19:38:00.704 filter delay: 0.02658 0.02655 0.02652 0.02660 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 filter offset: -86399.4 -86399.4 -86399.4 -86399.4 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 delay 0.02652, dispersion 0.00000 offset -86399.431479 28 Nov 19:38:00 ntpdate[2880]: step time server 192.168.1.50 offset -86399.431479 sec [[email protected] ~]#
八、將系統時間同步到硬體
[[email protected] ~]# hwclock -w[[email protected] ~]# dateSun Nov 28 19:39:10 CST 2021
【阿里雲官方映象站： https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/?utm_content=g_1000307095 】
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/70010340/viewspace-2847449/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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