按黑馬程式設計師的美多商場作方向：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1nf4y1k7G3
一、應用建立、註冊處理、配置
Pycharm 建立Django專案：
自應用註冊處理：
二、應用資料初始化
第一步：建立後設資料初始化py指令碼
python manage.py makemigrations
初始化的指令碼會放在各個自應用的migrates目錄中
第二步：執行初始化py指令碼，把表結構資訊同步到資料庫中
sqlite不需要建庫即可實現，mysql需要先把model源資訊的庫建好才可以同步
python manage.py migrate
三、站點配置：
1、改成中文時區和語言編碼
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
2、設定站點管理員賬號
必須要先透過初始化資料之後才能執行
python manage.py createsuperuser
更改密碼：
更改的金鑰要求8位長度，且至少有字母和數字組成
python manage.py changepassword 使用者名稱
3、配置自定義埠號：
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
import os
import sys
from django.core.management.commands.runserver import Command as RunserverCommand
def main():
"""Run administrative tasks."""
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'DjangoProject.settings')
try:
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
"forget to activate a virtual environment?"
) from exc
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
if __name__ == '__main__':
RunserverCommand.default_port = 9090
main()
4、站點登陸：
http://127.0.0.1:9090/admin/
5、將模型資訊註冊到django-admin中：
重新整理頁面可以發現模型資訊可以直接在admin中進行管理
6、URL檢視配置
工程預設會綁上django-admin的url配置
http://127.0.0.1:9090/admin/
我們可以在這裡新增我們自己url配置，對應的，每個自應用也需要建立一個urls.py配置檔案
內容填寫，一個路由地址，對應檢視的一個方法：
"""
URL configuration for DjangoProject project.
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from .views import index
urlpatterns = [
path('index/', index)
]
views.py中的index方法，呼叫的是httpResponse進行返回：
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the index page.")
訪問頁面進行測試：
http://127.0.0.1:9090/book_manager/index/
7、使用模版渲染處理
建立模版檔案，templates為模版的路徑根目錄，也可以自己改成別的目錄
用自應用名稱區分開來，mustache語法來讀取模版引數
更改index方法邏輯：
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
# return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the index page.")
context = {'title': 'Django Book Manager'}
return render(request, 'book_manager/index.html', context)
重新整理檢視頁面：
8、上線配置ALLOW_HOSTS和關閉Debug模式
Debug模式將會把報錯資訊直接列印在頁面上
關閉Debug模式後，僅簡單輸出內容
9、靜態檔案管理
靜態檔案預設配置位置（settings檔案）：
在Debug模式下可以直接訪問：
關閉Debug模式後不能訪問：
解決方案見此部落格：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41475058/article/details/105856148
1、設定STATIC_ROOT引數
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/static-files/ # 靜態資源url訪問路徑 STATIC_URL = 'static/' # python manage.py collectstatic 收集後的資源目錄位置 STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static_prod')
2、給靜態目錄追加url對映配置：
"""
URL configuration for DjangoProject project.
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include, re_path
from django.views.static import serve
from DjangoProject import settings
urlpatterns = [
re_path(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT}, name='static'),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('book_manager/', include('book_manager.urls')),
path('my_app/', include('my_app.urls')),
path('my_app2/', include('my_app2.urls')),
]
3、執行collect命令，打包靜態資源
python manage.py collectstatic