檔案下載
使用ResponseEntity
實現下載檔案的功能
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http:www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首頁</title>
</head>
<body>
<a th:href="@{/testDown}">點選下載</a>
</body>
</html>
控制器
@RequestMapping("/testDown")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {
//獲取ServletContext物件
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
//獲取伺服器中檔案的真實路徑
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg");
//建立輸入流
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//建立位元組陣列
byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];
//將流讀到位元組陣列中
is.read(bytes);
//建立HttpHeaders物件設定響應頭資訊
MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders();
//設定要下載方式以及下載檔案的名字
headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg");
//設定響應狀態碼
HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;
//建立ResponseEntity物件
ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode);
//關閉輸入流
is.close();
return responseEntity;
}
注意:如果報500
錯誤,可能是專案中無法找到靜態資原始檔,需要對專案重新打包。
檔案上傳
檔案上傳要求form
表單的請求方式必須為post
,並且新增屬性enctype="multipart/form-data"
以二進位制方式上傳
SpringMVC中將上傳的檔案封裝到MultipartFile
物件中,通過此物件可以獲取檔案相關資訊
上傳步驟:
- 新增依賴
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
- 在SpringMVC的配置檔案
springMVC.xml
中新增配置
<!--必須通過檔案解析器的解析才能將檔案轉換為MultipartFile物件-->
<!--必須設定id屬性,springMVC是根據id獲取,且id必須設定為multipartResolver-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>
index.html
<form method="post" th:action="@{/testUp}" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="photo">
<input type="submit" value="上傳">
</form>
- 控制器
@RequestMapping("/testUp")
//MultipartFile的形參名必須與index.html中的file標籤的name一致
public String testUp(MultipartFile photo, HttpSession session) throws IOException {
//獲取上傳的檔案的檔名
String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();
//處理檔案重名問題
String hzName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + hzName;
//獲取伺服器中photo目錄的路徑
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");
File file = new File(photoPath);
if(!file.exists()){
file.mkdir();
}
String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName;
//實現上傳功能
photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath));
return "success";
}
攔截器
攔截器的配置
SpringMVC中的攔截器用於攔截控制器方法的執行
SpringMVC中的攔截器需要實現HandlerInterceptor
介面
HandlerInterceptor
原始碼
public interface HandlerInterceptor {
default boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
return true;
}
default void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
default void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
HandlerInterceptor
介面有三個預設方法
-
preHandle
:控制器方法執行之前執行preHandle(),其boolean型別的返回值表示是否攔截或放行,返回true為放行,即呼叫控制器方法;返回false表示攔截,即不呼叫控制器方法 -
postHandle
:控制器方法執行之後執行postHandle() -
afterComplation
:處理完檢視和模型資料,渲染檢視完畢之後執行afterComplation()
控制器
FirstInterceptor.java
public class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->preHandle");
return false;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->postHandle");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion");
}
}
SpringMVC的攔截器必須在SpringMVC的配置檔案中進行配置:
- 方式一
<mvc:interceptors>
<bean class="com.gonghr.springmvc.interceptors.FirstInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptors>
輸出:
FirstInterceptor-->preHandle
- 方式二
<mvc:interceptors>
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>
</mvc:interceptors>
注意提前開啟註解掃描,並把攔截器放入Ioc容器
輸出:
FirstInterceptor-->preHandle
注意:以上兩種配置方式都是對DispatcherServlet所處理的所有的請求進行攔截。
- 方式三
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <!--攔截所有請求-->
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/"/> <!--不攔截主頁-->
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
可以進入首頁
傳送任意請求都會被攔截
輸出:
FirstInterceptor-->preHandle
以上配置方式可以通過ref或bean標籤設定攔截器,通過mvc:mapping
設定需要攔截的請求,通過mvc:exclude-mapping
設定需要排除的請求,即不需要攔截的請求
/**
:攔截所有請求
/*
:攔截一級目錄的請求
多個攔截器的執行順序
第一個攔截器
@Component
public class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->preHandle");
return true;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->postHandle");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion");
}
}
第二個攔截器
@Component
public class SecondInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->preHandle");
return true;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->postHandle");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->afterCompletion");
}
}
兩個攔截器都設定為對任意請求放行。
輸出:
FirstInterceptor-->preHandle
SecondInterceptor-->preHandle
SecondInterceptor-->postHandle
FirstInterceptor-->postHandle
SecondInterceptor-->afterCompletion
FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion
- 若每個攔截器的preHandle()都返回
true
此時多個攔截器的執行順序和攔截器在SpringMVC的配置檔案的配置順序有關:
preHandle()
會按照配置的順序執行,而postHandle()
和afterComplation()
會按照配置的反序執行
如果設定第一個攔截器對所有請求放行,第二個攔截器對所有請求攔截。
第一個攔截器
@Component
public class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->preHandle");
return true;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->postHandle");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion");
}
}
第二個攔截器
@Component
public class SecondInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->preHandle");
return false;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->postHandle");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->afterCompletion");
}
}
輸出:
FirstInterceptor-->preHandle
SecondInterceptor-->preHandle
FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion
- 若某個攔截器的
preHandle()
返回了false
preHandle()
返回false
和它之前的攔截器的preHandle()
都會執行,postHandle()
都不執行,返回false
的攔截器之前的攔截器的afterComplation()
會執行
異常處理器
基於配置的異常處理
SpringMVC提供了一個處理控制器方法執行過程中所出現的異常的介面:HandlerExceptionResolver
HandlerExceptionResolver
介面的實現類有:DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver
和SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
SpringMVC提供了自定義的異常處理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
,使用方式:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<!--
properties的鍵表示處理器方法執行過程中出現的異常
properties的值表示若出現指定異常時,設定一個新的檢視名稱,跳轉到指定頁面
-->
<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!--
exceptionAttribute屬性設定一個屬性名,將出現的異常資訊在請求域中進行共享
-->
<property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property>
</bean>
error.html
出現錯誤
<p th:text="${ex}"></p>
index.html
<a th:href="@{/testException}">測試異常處理</a>
基於註解的異常處理
//@ControllerAdvice將當前類標識為異常處理的元件
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
//@ExceptionHandler用於設定所標識方法處理的異常
@ExceptionHandler(value = {ArithmeticException.class,NullPointerException.class})
//ex表示當前請求處理中出現的異常物件
public String handleArithmeticException(Exception ex, Model model){
model.addAttribute("ex", ex);
return "error";
}
}