1.簡介
上一篇介紹了爬取文章,這一篇巨集哥就簡單的介紹一下,如何爬取圖片然後儲存到本地電腦中。網上很多漂亮的桌布或者是美女、妹子,想自己收藏一些,挨個儲存太費時間,那你可以利用爬蟲然後批量下載。
2.爬蟲原理
其實這個和上一篇都是一樣的道理,巨集哥在囉嗦一遍。Jmeter 的爬蟲原理其實很簡單,就是對網頁提交一個請求,然後把返回的所有 href 提取出來,利用 ForEach 控制器去實現 url 遍歷。這樣解釋是不是很清晰?下面巨集哥就來簡單介紹一下如何操作。
3.牛刀小試
巨集哥這裡以一個圖片網站為例給小夥伴或者童鞋們演示用過程和步驟。
該網站為動態。網址:https://unsplash.com/
3.1開始實戰
1、因為是動態網站,所以獲取網頁內容後,很多圖片找不到,使用瀏覽器F12功能,分析網站的請求,得出:
網頁動態載入請求:https://unsplash.com/napi/photos?page=1&per_page=12&order_by=latest,其中1,代表載入幾頁,12代表每次載入12張圖片;
圖片下載請求:https://unsplash.com/photos/xxx/download?force=true,其中xxx代表每個圖片的id。
2、我們開始使用jmeter爬取網站上的圖片。開啟Jemter,新建執行緒組,如下圖所示:
4、新增引數化檔案,配置元件->CSV資料檔案設定,設定檔案路徑,編碼、變數、間隔符等,如下圖所示:
5、我們現在需要把圖片id提取出來,利用強大的正規表示式提取。先分析下網頁請求返回的資料,因此巨集哥新增一個察看結果樹,執行Jmeter,如下圖所示:
6、返回結果,巨集哥貼上並且格式化,如下圖所示:
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6、從上邊返回的是json格式,第一個id就是圖片id。我們可以利用id提取資料,"id":"(.*?)",括號裡就是需要提取的資料。如下圖所示:
7、從上圖我們可以清楚地看出正則匹配的總數是26,遠遠超過了圖片總數12張,因此提取的還有其他的id。我們繼續分析,看到在user裡也有一個id,這個id並不是圖片的id,用這個id去下載圖片,會報404錯誤,我們用剛才的正則會把這個id提取出來。繼續分析資料,發現download連結,沒個圖片除了id不一樣,其他都一樣,user裡沒有這個連結,我們用這個連結提取資料 "download":"https://unsplash.com/photos/(.*?)/download。如下圖所示:
8、從上圖我們看到提取匹配總數是12,正確,因此我們需要新增一個正則提取器,將以上的正規表示式填寫到正則提取器中,記得匹配數字填-1,把所有匹配的都提取出來,如下圖所示:
9、我們新增一個sampler->Debug Sampler,檢視一下是否真的取出我們想要的資料了,如下圖所示:
10、儲存後,執行Jmeter,點選察看結果樹,檢視取出的資料,說明id已經被我們取出來了,如下圖所示:
11、接下來需要用我們的foreach控制器了 ,對所有的id進行遍歷,在控制器裡輸入變數名稱,就是正規表示式裡的變數名,如下圖所示:
12、在foreach控制器下面再新增一個http請求,用於下載圖片 ,就是我們開頭寫明的下載圖片請求,設定與第一個http請求一致,記得將id引數化,用表示式裡變數名即可,如下圖所示:
13、傳送圖片下載請求後,我們使用beanshell將圖片儲存到本地,在請求下,新增後置處理器->BeanShell PostProcessor,編寫儲存圖片指令碼,如下圖所示:
14、儲存圖片指令碼參考程式碼如下:
import java.io.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; Date date = new Date(); date.getDate(); SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyymmdd-HHmmss"); String formate = df.format(date); //string name = vars.get("imgid"); byte[] result = prev.getResponseData(); //這個是獲取到請求返回的資料,prev是獲取上個請求的返回 String file_name = "E:\\photos\\" + formate + ".jpg"; //代表存放檔案的位置和檔名 File file = new File(file_name); FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file); out.write(result); out.close();
15、下面我們就可以見證奇蹟的時刻了,執行完畢後,察看結果樹可以看到執行結果,存放路徑中,可以看到下載的圖片了,如下圖所示:
4.小結
1.在儲存到本地圖片要建立你程式碼裡寫的路徑,或者程式碼中判斷有就不建立,沒有就建立。
2.主要你的正規表示式是否真的提取到了你需要的資料。
3.細心地小夥伴看到我這裡只有12張,但是引數可以迴圈3次,36張,這是怎麼回事了,那是因為巨集哥的執行緒組是1,所以就是12張了。
4.熟練地掌握正規表示式的用法。這裡最重要的一步就是正規表示式提取我們想要的關鍵資料
好了,關於Jmeter爬蟲就到這裡吧,其實和上一篇的內容也差不多少。