Laravel 開發 API 心得

▍默然°發表於2021-04-30

前言

雖然開發了幾年，但一直沒有使用 Laravel 作為專案框架，在 Laravel 裡，屬於不折不扣的新人，正好新專案用了 Laravel，在這分享一下 Laravel 開發 API 心得，希望能給想使用 Laravel 開發的人帶來幫助。

透過實現「使用者註冊」介面，來介紹每個功能的使用場景。
PS：「使用者註冊」介面純粹是為了方便介紹，所以沒有使用自帶的 Auth 模組.

大綱

開發環境

Docker - PHP7.4 + MySQL5.7 + Nginx1.19
IDE：PhpStorm

專案搭建

一、安裝 Laravel

$ composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel:^6.2 test

二、Laravel - User 相關檔案處理
1) 刪除以下檔案

app/Http/Controllers/Auth 目錄
database/factories/UserFactory.php
database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php
database/migrations/2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table.php
resources/views/welcome.blade.php

2) 移動 app/User.php 到 app/Models/User/User.php

三、配置
1) .env - 配置資料庫

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laravel
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=123456

2) config/app.php - 配置時區

'timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai'

四、中介軟體 AcceptHeader

Accept 決定了響應返回的格式，設定為 application/json, 遇到的所有報錯 Laravel 會預設處理為 JSON 格式

1) 新建 app/Http/Middleware/AcceptHeader.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class AcceptHeader
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param Request $request
     * @param Closure $next
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $request->headers->set('Accept', 'application/json');
        return $next($request);
    }
}

2) app/Http/Kernel.php

...
protected $middlewareGroups = [
    ...
    'api' => [
        \App\Http\Middleware\AcceptHeader::class,
        ...
    ],
];
...

五、建立 users 表
1) 建立遷移

php artisan make:migration create_users_table --create=users

2) 編輯 database/migrations/2021_04_29_070350_create_users_table.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
    private const TABLE = 'users';

    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create(self::TABLE, function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->integerIncrements('id');
            $table->string('account', 32)->comment('賬號');
            $table->string('password')->comment('密碼');
            $table->string('register_address')->comment('註冊地址');
            $table->string('last_location')->default('')->comment('最後登入位置');
            $table->unsignedInteger('last_ip')->comment('最後登入IP');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
        DB::statement('ALTER TABLE ' . self::TABLE . ' COMMENT "使用者表"');
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists(self::TABLE);
    }
}

3）執行遷移

$ php artisan migrate

六、安裝擴充套件包

1) laravel-ide-helper - IDE 智慧提示外掛

$ composer require "barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper:2.8.*" --dev
$ php artisan ide-helper:generate
$ php artisan ide-helper:models

2) laravel-telescope - 除錯工具

$ composer require "laravel/telescope:^3.0" --dev
$ php artisan telescope:install
$ php artisan migrate --path=./vendor/laravel/telescope/src/Storage/migrations/

# 一般也不需要配置 `laravel-telescope`, 刪除以下檔案
config/telescope.php
config/app.php -> TelescopeServiceProvider 服務註冊
app/Providers/TelescopeServiceProvider.php

七、取消擴充套件包自動發現,並在 AppServiceProvider 註冊

1) composer.json

...
"extra": {
    "laravel": {
        "dont-discover": [
            "barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper",
            "laravel/telescope"
        ]
    }
}
...

2) app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php - 僅本地環境註冊服務

...
public function register()
{
    if ($this->app->isLocal()) {
        $this->app->register('Barryvdh\LaravelIdeHelper\IdeHelperServiceProvider');
        $this->app->register('Laravel\Telescope\TelescopeServiceProvider');
    }
}
...

目錄結構

app 目錄
Console - 自定義的 Artisan 命令目錄
Enums - 列舉目錄
Exceptions - 異常處理目錄
Http - 包含控制器、中介軟體以及表單請求等目錄
Jobs - 佇列任務目錄
Libraries - 第三方包目錄(包含擴充套件包封裝類)
Listeners - 事件監聽目錄
ModelFilters - 模型過濾器目錄
Models - 模型目錄
Observers - 模型觀察者目錄
Providers - 服務提供者目錄
Services - 業務服務類目錄
route 目錄
api - 介面目錄

路由載入

1) 刪除 routes/api.php & routes/web.php 路由檔案

2) 編輯 app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php, 載入 routes/api 目錄下的路由檔案

<?php

namespace App\Providers;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\RouteServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    /**
     * This namespace is applied to your controller routes.
     *
     * In addition, it is set as the URL generator's root namespace.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $namespace = 'App\Http\Controllers\V1';

    /**
     * The path to the "home" route for your application.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    public const HOME = '/';

    /**
     * Define your route model bindings, pattern filters, etc.
     *
     * [@return](https://learnku.com/users/31554) void
     */
    public function boot()
    {
        parent::boot();
    }

    /**
     * Define the routes for the application.
     *
     * [@return](https://learnku.com/users/31554) void
     */
    public function map()
    {
        $this->mapApiRoutes();
    }

    /**
     * Define the "api" routes for the application.
     *
     * These routes are typically stateless.
     *
     * [@return](https://learnku.com/users/31554) void
     */
    protected function mapApiRoutes()
    {
        Route::prefix('v1')
            ->middleware('api')
            ->namespace($this->namespace)
            ->name('v1.')
            ->group(function () {
                foreach (glob(base_path('routes') . '/api/*.php') as $file) {
                    require $file;
                }
            });
    }
}

3) 新建「路由」 routes/api/user.php

<?php

Route::prefix('user')
    ->namespace('User')
    ->name('user.')
    ->group(function () {
        Route::post('register', 'UserController@register')->name('user.register');
    });

4) 新建「控制器」 app/Http/Controllers/V1/User/UserController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\V1\User;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function register()
    {
    }
}

API規範

參考 Jiannei/laravel-response
由於個人並不太喜歡用 RESTful 規範的 HTTP 狀態碼以及 Enum 的定義, 就整了個新包 sevming/laravel-response, 預設 HTTP 返回狀態碼為 200

1) 安裝

$ composer require sevming/laravel-response:^1.0

2) 編輯 app/Exceptions/Handler.php

class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
{
    use \Sevming\LaravelResponse\Support\Traits\ExceptionTrait;
}

Enum列舉

1) 新建 app/Enums/ResponseEnum.php

<?php

namespace App\Enums;

class ResponseEnum
{
    // sevming/laravel-response 預設以 '|' 作為分割錯誤碼與錯誤資訊的字串
    public const INVALID_REQUEST = '無效請求|21001';
}

2) 編輯 app/Http/Controllers/V1/User/UserController.php

...
use Sevming\LaravelResponse\Support\Facades\Response;
use App\Enums\ResponseEnum;
...
public function register()
{
    Response::fail(ResponseEnum::INVALID_REQUEST);
}
...

3) POST 請求 /v1/user/register

{
    "status": "fail",
    "code": "21001",
    "message": "無效請求",
    "data": {},
    "errors": {}
}

表單場景驗證

1) 新建「表單驗證基類」 app/Http/Requests/FormRequest.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest as BaseFormRequest;

class FormRequest extends BaseFormRequest
{
    use SceneValidator;

    /**
     * Determine if the user is authorized to make this request.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function authorize()
    {
        return true;
    }
}

2) 新建 app/Http/Requests/SceneValidator.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\{Factory, Validator};

trait SceneValidator
{
    protected $scene = null;

    protected $onlyRule = [];

    protected $autoValidate = true;

    /**
     * Validate.
     *
     * @param string|array $scene
     */
    public function validate($scene = '')
    {
        if (!$this->autoValidate) {
            if (is_array($scene)) {
                $this->onlyRule = $scene;
            } else {
                $this->scene = $scene;
            }

            $this->handleValidate();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 覆蓋 ValidatesWhenResolvedTrait->validateResolved
     */
    public function validateResolved()
    {
        if (method_exists($this, 'autoValidate')) {
            $this->autoValidate = $this->container->call([$this, 'autoValidate']);
        }

        if ($this->autoValidate) {
            $this->handleValidate();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Handle validate.
     */
    protected function handleValidate()
    {
        parent::validateResolved();
    }

    /**
     * 定義 FormRequest->getValidatorInstance 下 validator 驗證器
     *
     * @param Factory $factory
     *
     * @return Validator
     */
    public function validator(Factory $factory)
    {
        $validationData = $this->isMethod('GET') ? $this->query() : $this->post();
        return $factory->make($validationData, $this->getRules(), $this->messages(), $this->attributes());
    }

    /**
     * Get rules.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getRules()
    {
        return $this->handleScene($this->container->call([$this, 'rules']));
    }

    /**
     * Handle scene.
     *
     * @param array $rules
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function handleScene(array $rules)
    {
        if ($this->onlyRule) {
            return $this->handleRules($this->onlyRule, $rules);
        }

        if (!empty($this->scene) && method_exists($this, 'scene')) {
            $scene = $this->container->call([$this, 'scene']);
            if (array_key_exists($this->scene, $scene)) {
                return $this->handleRules($scene[$this->scene], $rules);
            }
        }

        return $rules;
    }

    /**
     * Handle rules.
     *
     * @param array $sceneRules
     * @param array $rules
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function handleRules(array $sceneRules, array $rules)
    {
        $result = [];
        foreach ($sceneRules as $key => $value) {
            if (is_numeric($key) && array_key_exists($value, $rules)) {
                $result[$value] = $rules[$value];
            } else {
                $result[$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        return $result;
    }
}

3) 新建「請求類」 app/Http/Requests/User/UserRequest.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests\User;

use App\Http\Requests\FormRequest;

class UserRequest extends FormRequest
{
    protected $autoValidate = false;

    public function rules()
    {
        return [
            'account' => 'required|string',
            'password' => 'required|string|min:6',
        ];
    }

    public function scene()
    {
        return [
            'register' => [
                'account',
                'password',
            ],
        ];
    }
}

4) 編輯 app/Http/Controllers/V1/User/UserController.php

...
use App\Http\Requests\User\UserRequest;
...
public function register(UserRequest $request)
{
    $params = $request->post();
    $request->validate('register');
    dd($params);
}
...

5) POST 請求 /v1/user/register

# 請求資料
account:test
password:12345

# 返回資料 - 錯誤提示為英文
{
    "status": "fail",
    "code": "20002",
    "message": "Unprocessable Entity",
    "data": {},
    "errors": {
        "password": [
            "The password must be at least 6 characters."
        ]
    }
}

6) 安裝 overtrue/laravel-lang - 語言包

composer require "overtrue/laravel-lang:~3.0"

# 1. 配置 config/app.php
Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class
替換
Overtrue\LaravelLang\TranslationServiceProvider::class

# 2. 配置 config/app.php
'locale' => 'zh-CN'

7) 重新請求介面，返回資料如下：

{
    "status": "fail",
    "code": "20002",
    "message": "Unprocessable Entity",
    "data": {},
    "errors": {
        "password": [
            "密碼 至少為 6 個字元。"
        ]
    }
}

事件監聽

QueryListener - SQL 日誌記錄

1) 新建 app/Listeners/QueryListener.php

<?php

namespace App\Listeners;

use Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted;

class QueryListener
{
    /**
     * Create the event listener.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
    }

    /**
     * Handle the event.
     *
     * @param  QueryExecuted  $event
     * @return void
     */
    public function handle(QueryExecuted $event)
    {
        if (true === config('app.debug')) {
            foreach ($event->bindings as $key => $value) {
                if ($value instanceof \DateTimeInterface) {
                    $event->bindings[$key] = $value->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
                } elseif (is_bool($value)) {
                    $event->bindings[$key] = (int)$value;
                }
            }

            $sql = str_replace('?', "'%s'", $event->sql);
            logger("[{$event->time}ms] " . vsprintf($sql, $event->bindings));
        }
    }
}

2) 編輯 app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php

<?php
...
protected $listen = [
    \Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted::class => [
        \App\Listeners\QueryListener::class
    ],
];
...

使用者註冊

1) 新建「騰訊地圖類」 app/Libraries/TencentMapLibrary.php

<?php

namespace App\Libraries;

use \Exception;

class TencentMapLibrary
{
    /**
     * 透過IP獲取使用者位置資訊
     *
     * @param string $ip
     *
     * @return string
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static function getLocationByIp(string $ip)
    {
        return '福建省廈門市';
    }
}

2) 新建「服務類」 app/Services/User/UserService.php

<?php

namespace App\Services\User;

use \Exception;
use App\Libraries\TencentMapLibrary;
use App\Models\User\User;

class UserService
{
    /**
     * @param array     $params
     *
     * @return User
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function createUser(array $params)
    {
        $userData = [
            'account' => $params['account'],
            'password' => bcrypt($params['password']),
            'last_ip' => request()->ip(),
        ];
        $location = TencentMapLibrary::getLocationByIp($userData['last_ip']);
        if (!empty($location)) {
            $userData['register_address'] = $location;
        }

        return User::create($userData);
    }
}

3) 編輯 app/Models/User/User.php

<?php

namespace App\Models\User;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    protected $guarded = [];

    public static function findByAccount(string $account)
    {
        return static::query()
            ->where('account', $account)
            ->first();
    }

    public function setLastIpAttribute($value)
    {
        $this->attributes['last_ip'] = ip2long($value);
    }

    public function getLastIpAttribute($value)
    {
        return long2ip($value);
    }
}

4) 編輯 app/Enums/ResponseEnum.php

...
public const USER_ACCOUNT_REGISTERED = '賬號已註冊|23001';
...

5) 編輯 app/Http/Controllers/V1/User/UserController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\V1\User;

use \Exception;
use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
use Sevming\LaravelResponse\Support\Facades\Response;
use App\Enums\ResponseEnum;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Http\Requests\User\UserRequest;
use App\Services\User\UserService;
use App\Models\User\User;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * @var UserService
     */
    protected $service;

    /**
     * Constructor.
     */
    public function __construct(UserService $userService)
    {
        $this->service = $userService;
    }

    /**
     * @param UserRequest $request
     *
     * @return JsonResponse
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function register(UserRequest $request)
    {
        $params = $request->post();
        $request->validate('register');
        $user = User::findByAccount($params['account']);
        if (!empty($user)) {
            Response::fail(ResponseEnum::USER_ACCOUNT_REGISTERED);
        }

        $user = $this->service->createUser($params);

        return Response::success([
            'id' => $user->id
        ]);
    }
}

Eloquent條件查詢

1) 安裝

$ composer require tucker-eric/eloquentfilter:^2.4

2) 新建 app/Models/ModelTrait.php

<?php

namespace App\Models;

trait ModelTrait
{
    protected function modelFilter()
    {
        return config('eloquentfilter.namespace', 'App\\ModelFilters\\')
            . str_replace(__NAMESPACE__ . '\\', '', get_class($this)) . 'Filter';
    }
}

3) 新建「模型過濾類」 app/ModelFilters/User/UserFilter.php

<?php

namespace App\ModelFilters\User;

use EloquentFilter\ModelFilter;

class UserFilter extends ModelFilter
{
    public function account($account)
    {
        return $this->where('account', $account);
    }
}

4) 編輯 app/Models/User/User.php

...
use EloquentFilter\Filterable;
use App\Models\ModelTrait;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
  use Filterable, ModelTrait;
  ...  
  public static function findByAccount(string $account)
  {
      return static::filter([
          'account' => $account
      ])
          ->first();
   }   
   ...
}

模型事件

最佳化使用者註冊時的地址獲取

1) 新建「觀察者類」 app/Observers/User/UserObserver.php

<?php

namespace App\Observers\User;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use App\Libraries\TencentMapLibrary;
use App\Models\User\User;

class UserObserver
{
    public function saved(User $user)
    {
        rescue(function () use ($user) {
            $wasRecentlyCreated = $user->wasRecentlyCreated;
            if ($wasRecentlyCreated || $user->wasChanged('last_ip')) {
                $location = TencentMapLibrary::getLocationByIp($user->last_ip);
                if (!empty($location)) {
                    $data = ['last_location' => $location];
                    $wasRecentlyCreated && ($data['register_address'] = $data['last_location']);
                    DB::table('users')->where('id', $user->id)->update($data);
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

2) 編輯 app/Models/User/User.php

...
use App\Observers\User\UserObserver;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    ...
    public static function boot()
    {
        parent::boot();
        static::observe(UserObserver::class);
    }
    ...
}

3) 編輯 app/Services/User/UserService.php

...
public function createUser(array $params)
{
    $userData = [
        'account' => $params['account'],
        'password' => bcrypt($params['password']),
        'register_address' => '',
        'last_ip' => request()->ip(),
    ];
    return User::create($userData);
}
...

佇列

使用者註冊地址獲取修改為佇列方式

1) .env 佇列配置

QUEUE_CONNECTION=redis

REDIS_HOST=127.0.0.1
REDIS_PASSWORD=123456
REDIS_PORT=6379

2) 新建「任務類」 app/Jobs/User/UserLocation.php

<?php

namespace App\Jobs\User;

use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
use Illuminate\Queue\{InteractsWithQueue, SerializesModels};
use App\Libraries\TencentMapLibrary;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use App\Models\User\User;

class UserLocation implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;

    protected $user;

    protected $wasRecentlyCreated;

    public function __construct(User $user, bool $wasRecentlyCreated)
    {
        $this->user = $user;
        $this->wasRecentlyCreated = $wasRecentlyCreated;
    }

    public function handle()
    {
        $location = TencentMapLibrary::getLocationByIp($this->user->last_ip);
        if (!empty($location)) {
            $data = ['last_location' => $location];
            $this->wasRecentlyCreated && ($data['register_address'] = $data['last_location']);
            DB::table('users')->where('id', $this->user->id)->update($data);
        }
    }
}

3) 編輯 app/Observers/User/UserObserver.php

<?php

namespace App\Observers\User;

use App\Jobs\User\UserLocation;
use App\Models\User\User;

class UserObserver
{
    public function saved(User $user)
    {
        rescue(function () use ($user) {
            $wasRecentlyCreated = $user->wasRecentlyCreated;
            if ($wasRecentlyCreated || $user->wasChanged('last_ip')) {
                dispatch(new UserLocation($user, $wasRecentlyCreated));
            }
        });
    }
}

4) 開啟佇列監聽

$ php artisan queue:listen

Passport認證

實現使用者註冊後返回 Token, 以及刪除無效 Token

1) 安裝 & 配置

$ composer require laravel/passport:^9.4.0
$ php artisan migrate --path=./vendor/laravel/passport/database/migrations/
$ php artisan passport:keys
$ php artisan passport:client --personal
$ php artisan vendor:publish --tag=passport-config

# 安裝報錯
laravel/passport[v9.4.0, ..., 9.x-dev] require phpseclib/phpseclib ^2.0 -> found phpseclib/phpseclib
# 刪除 laravel/telescope 包後再安裝, 之後再重新安裝 laravel/telescope
$ composer remove laravel/telescope --dev

2) .env 配置, 儲存剛剛生成的「個人客戶端」CLIENT_ID & CLIENT_SECRET

PASSPORT_PERSONAL_ACCESS_CLIENT_ID=1
PASSPORT_PERSONAL_ACCESS_CLIENT_SECRET=jToNhXPoQVxVkBrdljCwk5oWzO7hroozHkqQ9Kja

3) 配置 app/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php, 設定 TOKEN 有效期一週

...
use Laravel\Passport\Passport;
...
public function boot()
{
    ...
    Passport::personalAccessClientId(config('passport.personal_access_client.id'));
    Passport::personalAccessTokensExpireIn(now()->addWeek());
}
...

4) 編輯 app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php 監聽 Token 建立事件

...
protected $listen = [
    ...
    \Laravel\Passport\Events\AccessTokenCreated::class => [
        \App\Listeners\PassportAccessTokenCreated::class
    ]
];
...

5) 新建 app/Listeners/PassportAccessTokenCreated.php 刪除過期 Token

<?php

namespace App\Listeners;

use Laravel\Passport\Events\AccessTokenCreated;
use Laravel\Passport\Token;

class PassportAccessTokenCreated
{
    public function handle(AccessTokenCreated $event)
    {
        Token::query()
            ->where('id', '<>', $event->tokenId)
            ->where('user_id', $event->userId)
            ->where('client_id', $event->clientId)
            ->where('revoked', 0)
            ->where('expires_at', '<=', now()->toDateTimeString())
            ->delete();
    }
}

6) 編輯 app/Models/User/User.php

...
use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use Filterable, ModelTrait, HasApiTokens;
    ...
}

7) 編輯 app/Observers/User/UserObserver.php

...
public function saved(User $user)
{
    $user->setAttribute('token', $user->createToken($user->id)->accessToken);
    ...
}
...

8) 編輯 app/Http/Controllers/V1/User/UserController.php

...
public function register(UserRequest $request)
{
    ...
    return Response::success([
        'id' => $user->id,
        'token' => $user->token
    ]);
}
...

使用 Token 作為使用者的登入憑證

1) 編輯 routes/api/user.php

<?php

Route::prefix('user')
    ->namespace('User')
    ->name('user.')
    ->group(function () {
        ...
        Route::middleware('auth:api')->group(function () {
            Route::get('mock', 'UserController@mock')->name('user.mock');
        });
    });

2) 編輯 app/Http/Controllers/V1/User/UserController.php

...
public function mock()
{
    dump(auth()->user());
}
...

3) 編輯 config/auth.php

return [
    ...
    'guards' => [
    ...
        'api' => [
            'driver' => 'passport',
            'provider' => 'users',
            'hash' => false,
         ],
     ],
     'providers' => [
         'users' => [
             'driver' => 'eloquent',
             'model' => App\Models\User\User::class,
          ],
     ],
     ...
];

4) Postman 配置 Header

Authorization: Bearer {token}

4) GET 請求介面 /v1/user/mock, 可以看到使用者的資訊

5) 透過檢視 SQL 日誌, 發現 Passport 查詢語句太多了, 安裝 overtrue/laravel-passport-cache-token, 支援配置快取方式，具體可檢視包文件說明

$ composer require overtrue/laravel-passport-cache-token:^2.1

結語

文筆不好，還是直接發程式碼來的直接。
有不足的地方，歡迎各位大佬指出，謝謝~

資料

1) 底層原理

服務容器
Laravel 學習筆記 —— 神奇的服務容器
 Laravel 服務容器的初始化
中介軟體
Laravel 中介軟體原理
管道流
Laravel 管道流原理
 Laravel Pipeline 元件的實現原理
異常處理
Laravel 原始碼閱讀指南–異常處理
 Laravel Exceptions——異常與錯誤處理
佇列
剖析 Laravel 佇列系統–Worker
認證
Laravel 認證原理及完全自定義認證
其它原理
leoyang 的部落格
 Laravel之道

2) 架構

3) API 規範相關討論

還能不能好好的寫 API 了？

4) 表單場景驗證

5) 模型相關

6) API 資源

在 Laravel 中動態隱藏 API 欄位

7) 佇列

Laravel 消費佇列的正確使用姿勢

補充點

1) 關於 PhpStorm 中 Laravel 的路由跳轉 (Windows 下 Ctrl + 滑鼠左鍵 點選路由跳轉至對應控制器)，Demo 中無法跳轉問題

編輯 routes/api/user.php

<?php
    Route::group([
        'prefix' => 'user',
        'namespace' => 'User'
        'as' => 'user.',
    ], function () {
        ...
    });

重新生成 ide-helper.php
```
$ php artisan ide-helper:generate
```

2) 跨域

安裝 fruitcake/laravel-cors

$ composer require "fruitcake/laravel-cors:^2.0"
$ php artisan vendor:publish --tag="cors"

編輯 app/Http/Kernel.php

...
protected $middleware = [
    \App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
    \Fruitcake\Cors\HandleCors::class,
    ...
];
...

編輯 config/cors.php - 檢視更多配置
```
'paths' => ['v1/*']
```

3) 新增模型 saveQuietly 方法 - 儲存給定的模型而不觸發任何事件 (Laravel 8.x 框架自帶)

編輯 app/Models/ModelTrait.php

...
/**
 * Save the model to the database without raising any events.
 *
 * @param array $options
 *
 * @return bool
 */
public function saveQuietly(array $options = [])
{
    return static::withoutEvents(function () use ($options) {
        return $this->save($options);
    });
}
...

升級8.x

直接安裝 8.x 版本, 再按文件搭專案，相關包版本變化如下：

laravel/laravel:^6.2 to ^8.4.0
barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper:2.8.* to ^2.10

laravel/telescope:^3.0 to ^4.4

# migrations 路徑變更
php artisan migrate --path=./vendor/laravel/telescope/database/migrations/

overtrue/laravel-lang:~3.0 to ~5.0

# 編輯 config/app.php

# 與 3.0 版本不同, 這個無需替換服務提供者
Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class  

# 配置語言
'locale' => 'zh_CN'

tucker-eric/eloquentfilter:^2.4 to ^3.0

laravel/passport:^9.4.0 to ^10.1

# 與 9.x 版本不同, 不需要在 `AuthServiceProvider` 配置 personalAccessClientId(), 且此方法在新版本的包中已移除

sevming/laravel-response:^1.0 to ^2.0
fruitcake/laravel-cors - 無需安裝，框架自帶
app/Models/ModelTrait => saveQuietly 不需要新增，框架自帶

本作品採用《CC 協議》，轉載必須註明作者和本文連結

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