一、SpringMVC基礎入門，建立一個HelloWorld程式
1.首先，匯入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.新增Web.xml配置檔案中關於SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--><servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --></servlet><servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping> |
3.在src下新增springmvc-servlet.xml配置檔案
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 字首 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 字尾 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean></beans> |
4.在WEB-INF資料夾下建立名為jsp的資料夾，用來存放jsp檢視。建立一個hello.jsp，在body中新增“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示
6.編寫Controller程式碼
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "hello"; }} |
7.啟動伺服器，鍵入 http://localhost:8080/專案名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml檔案中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
檢視名稱解析器
3.以上出現的註解
@Controller 負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
三、SpringMVC常用註解
@Controller
負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody
該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分資料，使用系統預設配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然後把相應的資料繫結到要返回的物件上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的物件資料繫結到 controller中方法的引數上
@ResponseBody
該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的物件，通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式後，寫入到Response物件的body資料區
@ModelAttribute
在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 註解：Spring MVC 在呼叫目標處理方法前，會先逐個呼叫在方法級上標註了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 註解：可以從隱含物件中獲取隱含的模型資料中獲取物件，再將請求引數 –繫結到物件中，再傳入入參將方法入參物件新增到模型中
@RequestParam
在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法
@PathVariable
繫結 URL 佔位符到入參
@ExceptionHandler
註解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一個Contoller成為全域性的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法註解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常
四、自動匹配引數
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//match automatically@RequestMapping("/person")public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return "hello";} |
五、自動裝箱
1.編寫一個Person實體類
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package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person { public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private String name; private int age; } |
2.在Controller裡編寫方法
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//boxing automatically@RequestMapping("/person1")public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return "hello";} |
六、使用InitBinder來處理Date型別的引數
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//the parameter was converted in initBinder@RequestMapping("/date")public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return "hello";} //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"@InitBinderpublic void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));} |
七、向前臺傳遞引數
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//pass the parameters to front-end@RequestMapping("/show")public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show";} |
前臺可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax呼叫
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@RequestMapping("/getPerson")public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); }@RequestMapping("/name")public String sayHello(){ return "name";} |
前臺用下面的Jquery程式碼呼叫
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$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); });}); |
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求
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//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect")public String redirect(){ return "redirect:hello";} |
十、檔案上傳
1.需要匯入兩個jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置檔案中加入
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<!-- upload settings --><bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property></bean> |
3.方法程式碼
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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello";} |
4.前臺form表單
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<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"></form> |
十一、使用@RequestParam註解指定引數的name
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } } |
十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; } } |
2.form表單傳送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --><filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping> |
在前臺可以用以下程式碼產生請求
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<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <input type="submit" value="put"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> <input type="submit" value="delete"></form> |
十三、返回json格式的字串
1.匯入以下jar包
2.方法程式碼
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; }} |
十四、異常的處理
1.處理區域性異常（Controller內）
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@ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); return mv;} @RequestMapping("/error")public String error(){ int i = 5/0; return "hello";} |
2.處理全域性異常（所有Controller）
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@ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); return mv; }} |
3.另一種處理全域性異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置檔案中配置
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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property></bean> |
error是出錯頁面
十五、設定一個自定義攔截器
1.建立一個MyInterceptor類，並實現HandlerInterceptor介面
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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return true; }} |
2.在SpringMVC的配置檔案中配置
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<!-- interceptor setting --><mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors> |
3.攔截器執行順序
十六、表單的驗證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國際化
1.匯入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未選中不用匯入)
2.編寫實體類User並加上驗證註解
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public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth;} |
ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單
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<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"></form:form> |
ps:path對應name
4.Controller中程式碼
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController { @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return "addUser"; } return "showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",new User()); return "addUser"; }} |
ps:
1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的註解驗證引數
3.返回到原頁面錯誤資訊回回顯，表單也會回顯
5.錯誤資訊自定義
在src目錄下新增locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置檔案中配置
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<!-- configure the locale resource --><bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"></property></bean> |
6.國際化顯示
在src下新增locale_zh_CN.properties
username=賬號 password=密碼
locale.properties中新增
username=user name password=password
建立一個locale.jsp
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<body> <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message></body> |
在SpringMVC中配置
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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --><mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/> |
讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問
最後，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.建立一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合，並建立各類
2.User實體類
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public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth;} |
3.UserService類
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@Componentpublic class UserService { public UserService(){ System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); } public void save(){ System.out.println("save"); }} |
4.UserController
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@Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/user") public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return "hello"; }} |
5.Spring配置檔案
在src目錄下建立SpringIOC的配置檔案applicationContext.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans " > <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> </beans> |
在Web.xml中新增配置
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<!-- configure the springIOC --><listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param> |
6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個物件的管理重合
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<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> |
十八、SpringMVC詳細執行流程圖
十九、SpringMVC與struts2的區別
1、springmvc基於方法開發的，struts2基於類開發的。springmvc將url和controller裡的方法對映。對映成功後springmvc生成一個Handler物件，物件中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形引數據銷燬。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。
2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，並且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變數接收引數，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。
3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在於使用struts標籤，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。