Entity Framework 6.x Code Frist For Oracle 實踐與注意點
開發環境
Visual Studio.net 2015/2017
Oracle 11g/12c 資料庫
Oracle Client 可以不安裝
Asp.net mvc Project
Nuget 元件
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EntityFramework 6.1.3
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Oracle.ManagedDataAccess 12.1.2400
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Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework 12.1.2400
Entity Framework web.config配置
通過nuget安裝以上3個元件後,visual studio.net會自動修改web.config的配置資訊,會新增以下內容
<configSections> <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 --> <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" /> <section name="oracle.manageddataaccess.client" type="OracleInternal.Common.ODPMSectionHandler, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.121.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" /> </configSections> |
<entityFramework> <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" /> <providers> <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" /> <provider invariantName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework.EFOracleProviderServices, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework, Version=6.121.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" /> </providers> </entityFramework> |
<system.data> <DbProviderFactories> <remove invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" /> <add name="ODP.NET, Managed Driver" invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" description="Oracle Data Provider for .NET, Managed Driver" type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleClientFactory, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.121.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" /> </DbProviderFactories> </system.data> |
<oracle.manageddataaccess.client> <version number="*"> <dataSources> <dataSource alias="SampleDataSource" descriptor="(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.20.70.242)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ORCL)))" /> </dataSources> </version> </oracle.manageddataaccess.client> <connectionStrings> <add name="OracleDbContext" providerName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" connectionString="User Id=C##EF1;Password=ef1;Data Source=SampleDataSource" /> </connectionStrings> |
有了oracle.manageddataaccess.client就不需要安裝Oracle客戶端了,descriptpor修改成需要連線的Oracle資料庫例項就可以了
建立Model/DbContext
public class Blog { public int BlogId { get; set; } [MaxLength(50)] public string Url { get; set; }
} |
public class MyDbContext: DbContext { public MyDbContext() : base("Name=OracleDbContext") {
Database.SetInitializer<MyDbContext>(null); } public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { //注意:Oracle必須定義成使用者名稱/所有者或是稱Schema,(SQL預設是dbo) modelBuilder.HasDefaultSchema("C##EF1"); //注意:Oracle必須把所有mapping的欄位名轉換成大寫,否則無法在pl/sql developer中用sql查詢 modelBuilder.Properties().Configure(x => x.HasColumnName(x.ClrPropertyInfo.Name.ToUpper())); //注意:Oracle必須把所有mapping的資料庫表名轉換成大寫,否則無法在pl/sql developer中用sql查詢 modelBuilder.Types().Configure(c => c.ToTable(c.ClrType.Name.ToUpper())); //注意:如果欄位名是string型別再沒有設定MaxLength/Type屬性的情況下預設給250長度/NVARCHAR2型別,否則系統會自動建立成NCLOG型別 modelBuilder.Properties<string>().Configure(c => c.HasMaxLength(250)); modelBuilder.Properties<string>().Configure(c => c.HasColumnType("NVARCHAR2")); }
} |
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) 可以設定非常多自定義屬性,比如ID/主鍵/一對多/級聯刪除/命名規則等,具體可以參考以下內容
Entity Framework Fluent API - Configuring and Mapping Properties and Types
Entity Framework Custom Code First Conventions (EF6 onwards)
建立表/同步更新表結構
執行Code first 命令
- Run the Enable-Migrations command in Package Manager Console
- Add-Migration will scaffold the next migration based on changes you have made to your model since the last migration was created
- Update-Database -script will apply any pending migrations to the database
注意:Update-Database -script 系統會生成資料庫的DDL指令碼,這樣可以方便做一些調整後再執行更新到資料庫
如果需要多個庫(開發庫/測試庫/生產庫)同步更新就可以通過修改指令碼來實現
推薦nugate元件
PM> Install-Package Z.EntityFramework.Plus.EF6
PM> Install-Package Z.EntityFramework.Plus.EFCore
PM> Install-Package Z.ExtensionMethods
都是非常好用的擴充套件類庫