SSM框架整合開發
SSM框架整合開發
前言
-
學完了SSM框架,準備做一個SSM專案練練手,結果以來就被SSM框架整合坑到了,各種報錯,搭建不成功,花了兩天,看了N個視訊,總算搭建出一個能用的。也算是對SSM的一個總結和回顧。
實驗環境
JDK 13.0.2
MySQL 8.0…22
IDEA 2020.1.1
Maven 3.6.3
Tomcat 9.0.30
1、建立一個測試表
CREATE TABLE `books` (
`bookID` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '書id',
`bookName` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '書名',
`bookPage` int NOT NULL COMMENT '頁數',
`detail` varchar(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2、pom檔案新增依賴
- 這裡也只是一些比較基本的依賴,專案開始,後面可能還會加log4j依賴,jackson依賴等。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lwl</groupId>
<artifactId>SSM2-project</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>13</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>13</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringMVC-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring JDBC-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring AOP-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--MyBatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--MyBatis整合Spring-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--MySQL驅動-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.22</version>
</dependency>
<!--C3P0-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<!--JSTL-->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--ServletAPI-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok外掛-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.16</version>
</dependency>
<!--單元測試-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!--確保配置檔案能夠被掃描到-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
3、專案整體結構(初步)
先構建好Spring的大致框架
- controller 控制層,呼叫service層,並與前端進行互動。
- dao (也可以寫作repository) 資料持久層,與資料庫進行互動。
- domain(pojo,entity)用來存放實體類,一個表對應一個實體類。
- service 業務層,呼叫dao層,進行業務處理的地方。
3.1實體類(domain)
採用了lombok外掛,用註解的方式代替了set,get,tostring等大量重複程式碼。
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Book {
private Integer bookID;
private String bookName;
private Integer bookPage;
private String detail;
}
3.2資料持久層(dao)
@Repository//把這個類交給IOC容器去託管
public interface BookMapper {
//新增書籍
void saveBook(Book book);
//查詢書籍
List<Book> findAll();
}
BookMapper.xml
檔案,這裡有可能(版本不同可能會有影響,建議先不改,SQL語句提示有問題再改)需要在idea中新增資料庫連線,然後選擇對應的表,最後編寫SQL語句時,在表前面加上資料庫名。例如:
select name from library.user
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.lwl.dao.BookMapper">
<insert id="saveBook" parameterType="com.lwl.domain.Book">
insert into ssmbuild.books(bookID,bookName,bookPage,detail)
values(#{bookID},#{bookName},#{bookPage},#{detail})
</insert>
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.lwl.domain.Book">
select * from ssmbuild.books
</select>
</mapper>
3.3業務層(service)
先寫一個mapper對應的介面,裡面的方法和mapper裡的方法一樣,直接複製貼上就行。
public interface BookService {
//新增書籍
void saveBook(Book book);
//查詢書籍
List<Book> findAll();
}
然後在service裡建一個Impl包,寫一個service的實現類
@Service("bookService")//把Service註解的這個類交給spring的ioc去管理
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
private BookMapper bookMapper;
@Autowired//把Mapper注入到這個類
public BookServiceImpl(BookMapper bookMapper) {
this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
}
@Override
public void saveBook(Book book) {
System.out.println("新增書籍");
bookMapper.saveBook(book);
}
@Override
public List<Book> findAll() {
System.out.println("查詢所有書籍");
return bookMapper.findAll();
}
}
3.4建立spring配置檔案
在resources目錄下建一個applicationContext.xml配置檔案。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--開啟註解掃描,Spring只處理service和dao層,controller層由SpringMVC框架去處理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lwl"><!--掃描這個包及子包下的所有註解-->
<!--過濾掉Controller這個註解-->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
3.5編寫一個SpringTest類
能正常呼叫findAll方法則說明applicationContext.xml檔案配置正確,spring框架搭建好了
public class SpringTest {
@Test
public void test(){
//載入Spring配置檔案
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//獲取物件
BookService bookService = (BookService) applicationContext.getBean("bookService");
//呼叫方法
bookService.findAll();//輸出查詢所有書籍
}
}
4、Spring整合SpringMVC
先搭建好SpringMVC的大致框架,在進行Spring整合SpringMVC。在上一步基礎上,加入下面目錄結構。
4.1配置web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--配置前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--載入spring.xml配置檔案-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--啟動伺服器,建立該servlet-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!---->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--解決中文亂碼的過濾器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
這裡<web-app>
會有下劃線提醒,原因是裡面標籤順序不對,不影響使用。若想改正,按照下面的的順序將
<web-app>
裡面的標籤排下序即可。
The content of element type “web-app” must match “(icon?,display-name?,description?,distributable?,context-param*,filter*,filter-mapping*,listener*,servlet*,servlet-mapping*,session-config?,mime-mapping*,welcome-file-list?,error-page*,taglib*,resource-env-ref*,resource-ref*,security-constraint*,login-config?,security-role*,env-entry*,ejb-ref*,ejb-local-ref*)”.
4.2配置springmvc.xml檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<!--開啟註解掃描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lwl">
<!--只掃描Controller註解-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--配置檢視解析器物件-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--過濾靜態資源-->
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**" />
<mvc:resources location="/imgs/" mapping="/imgs/**" />
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
<!--開啟SpringMVC註解的支援-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
4.3編寫controller來測試環境是否搭建成功
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
private BookService bookService;
@Autowired
public BookController(BookService bookService) {
this.bookService = bookService;
}
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public String findAll(Model model){
System.out.println("表現層,查詢所有書籍");
List<Book> books = bookService.findAll();
model.addAttribute("books",books);
return "books";
}
@PostMapping("/save")
public void save(Book book, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
bookService.saveBook(book);
//進行新增書籍操作之後,自動查出所有書籍資訊
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/book/findAll");
}
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>已查出所有圖書資訊</h3>
${books}
</body>
</html>
瀏覽器輸入http://localhost:8080/book/findAll
,得到資訊已查出所有圖書資訊
證明SpringMVC環境搭建成功。
4.4Spring整合SpringMVC
- 在web.xml檔案中加入如下配置
<!--配置Spring的監聽器,預設只載入WEB-INF目錄下的applicationContext.xml配置檔案-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--設定監聽器需要載入的配置檔案的路徑-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
- 測試controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
private BookService bookService;
@Autowired//不建議直接注入
public BookController(BookService bookService) {
this.bookService = bookService;
}
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public String findAll(){
System.out.println("查詢所有書籍");//查詢所有書籍
bookService.findAll();//查詢所有書籍
return "books";
}
}
5、Spring整合MyBatis框架
配置檔案
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=****
applicationContext.xml新增mybatis相關配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd">
<!--開啟註解掃描,Spring只處理service和dao層,controller層由SpringMVC框架去處理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lwl"><!--掃描這個包及子包下的所有註解-->
<!--過濾掉Controller這個註解-->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!--Spring整合MyBatis框架-->
<!--1.關聯資料庫配置檔案-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<!--2.配置連線池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!--配置連線池屬性,使用了EL表示式-->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--3.配置SqlSessionFactory工廠-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/><!--引入上面的連線池-->
</bean>
<!--4.配置AccountDao介面所在包-->
<bean id="mapperScannerConfigurer" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!--要掃描的dao包-->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.lwl.dao"/>
</bean>
<!--配置Spring框架宣告時事務管理-->
<!--配置事務管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/><!--引入連線池物件-->
</bean>
<!--配置事務通知-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/><!--find開頭的方法為只讀屬性-->
<tx:method name="*" isolation="DEFAULT"/><!--其他方法JDBC預設屬性-->
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!--配置AOP增強-->
<aop:config>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.lwl.service.Impl.*ServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
到此SSM框架整合完畢,進行測試無誤後,就可以開始進行專案設計了。
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