一、整體思路
SSM: SpringMVC + Spring + MyBatis.
SpringMVC:檢視層,介面層,負責接收請求,顯示處理結果的。
Spring:業務層,管理service,dao,工具類物件的。
MyBatis:持久層, 訪問資料庫的
使用者發起請求--SpringMVC接收--Spring中的Service物件--MyBatis處理資料
SSM整合也叫做SSI (IBatis也就是mybatis的前身), 整合中有容器。
- 第一個容器SpringMVC容器, 管理Controller控制器物件的。
- 第二個容器Spring容器,管理Service,Dao,工具類物件的
我們要做的把使用的物件交給合適的容器建立,管理。 把Controller還有web開發的相關物件交給springmvc容器, 這些web用的物件寫在springmvc配置檔案中
service,dao物件定義在spring的配置檔案中,讓spring管理這些物件
springmvc容器和spring容器是有關係的,關係已經確定好了
springmvc容器是spring容器的子容器, 類似java中的繼承。 子可以訪問父的內容
在子容器中的Controller可以訪問父容器中的Service物件, 就可以實現controller使用service物件
實現步驟:
-
使用ssm的mysql庫, 表使用student(id auto_increment, name, age)
-
新建maven web專案
-
加入依賴
springmvc,spring,mybatis三個框架的依賴,jackson依賴,mysql驅動,druid連線池
jsp,servlet依賴 -
寫web.xml
- 註冊DispatcherServlet ,目的:1.建立springmvc容器物件,才能建立Controller類物件。2.建立的是Servlet,才能接受使用者的請求。
- 註冊spring的監聽器:ContextLoaderListener,目的: 建立spring的容器物件,才能建立service,dao等物件。
- 註冊字符集過濾器,解決post請求亂碼的問題
-
建立包, Controller包, service ,dao,實體類包名建立好
-
寫springmvc,spring,mybatis的配置檔案
- springmvc配置檔案
- spring配置檔案
- mybatis主配置檔案
- 資料庫的屬性配置檔案
-
寫程式碼, dao介面和mapper檔案, service和實現類,controller, 實體類。
-
寫jsp頁面
二、SSM整合註解開發
需求:完成學生的註冊和資訊瀏覽
1. 建立Student
2. 建立Web工程
通過maven
3. maven依賴
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.md</groupId>
<artifactId>07-ssm</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--servlet依賴-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- jsp依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1-b03</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springmvc依賴-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--事務-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory><!--所在的目錄-->
<includes><!--包括目錄下的.properties,.xml 檔案都會掃描到-->
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
4. 定義程式結構
5. 編寫配置檔案
jdbc屬性配置檔案jdbc.properties
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
jdbc.maxActive=20
Spring配置檔案applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--spring的配置檔案,宣告service、dao、工具類物件-->
<!--註冊元件掃描器-->
<!--宣告service的註解@Service所在的包名位置-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.md.service"/>
<!--宣告資料來源,連線資料庫-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:conf/jdbc.properties"/>
<bean id="myDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.maxActive}" />
</bean>
<!--SqlSessionFactory-->
<bean id="SqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource"/>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:/conf/mybatis.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--建立 dao物件-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="SqlSessionFactory"/>
<!--指定包名,包名是dao介面所在的包名,dao預設物件的名稱:是介面名字的首字母小寫-->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.md.dao"/>
</bean>
<!--上面的這個是一個模板,只有一些配置檔案的路徑是根據自己建立寫的-->
</beans>
SpringMVC的配置檔案,dispatcherServlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- springmvc的配置檔案,宣告controller和其他web相關的物件-->
<!-- 註冊元件掃描器,指定@Controller註解所在的類-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.md.controller"/>
<!-- 指定檢視解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--註冊註解驅動
1. 響應ajax請求,返回json
2. 解決靜態資源訪問問題
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
mybatis的配置檔案 , mybatis.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--<settings>-->
<!--<!–設定日誌–>-->
<!--<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>-->
<!--</settings>-->
<!--設定別名,在mapper.xml檔案中,返回值不用在寫包名了,直接寫類名即可-->
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.md.domain"/>
</typeAliases>
<!-- sql對映檔案的位置 -->
<mappers>
<!--name是包名,這個包中所有mapper.xml一次載入
使用package的要求
1. mapper檔名稱和dao介面名稱必須完全一樣
2. mapper檔案和dao介面必須在同一目錄
-->
<package name="com.md.dao"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
6. 定義web.xml
由於自動生成的是這樣的,版本太低,需要換成現在高的版本,直接把之前寫好的複製過來就行
換成這樣
- 註冊 ContextLoaderListener
- 註冊 DisatcherServlet
- 註冊字符集過濾器
- 同時建立 Spring 的配置檔案和 SpringMVC 的配置檔案(上面已經建立好了)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--註冊中央排程器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--自定義路徑-->
<param-value>classpath:conf/dispatcherServlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--註冊spring監聽器-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--自定義路徑-->
<param-value>classpath:conf/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--註冊字符集過濾器-->
<!--宣告過濾器,解決post請求亂碼的問題-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!--設定專案中使用的編碼-->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--/* : 所有的請求都會先通過這個過濾器-->
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
7. 實體類
package com.md.domain;
/**
* @author MD
* @create 2020-08-13 20:21
*/
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Student() {
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
8. Dao介面和對映檔案
都在是dao包下,且檔名相同
package com.md.dao;
import com.md.domain.Student;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author MD
* @create 2020-08-13 20:22
*/
public interface StudentDao {
int insertStudent(Student student);
List<Student> selectStudents();
}
StudentDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.md.dao.StudentDao">
<insert id="insertStudent" >
insert into student(name,age) values(#{name} , #{age})
</insert>
<!--設定了別名,這裡返回值直接寫類名-->
<select id="selectStudents" resultType="Student">
select id, name , age from student
</select>
</mapper>
9. Service介面和實現類
package com.md.service;
import com.md.domain.Student;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author MD
* @create 2020-08-13 20:31
*/
public interface StudentService {
int addStudent(Student student);
List<Student> findStudents();
}
實現類
package com.md.service.impl;
import com.md.dao.StudentDao;
import com.md.domain.Student;
import com.md.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author MD
* @create 2020-08-13 20:32
*/
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
// 引用資料型別的自動注入@Resource、@Autowired
@Resource
private StudentDao studentDao;
@Override
public int addStudent(Student student) {
int nums = studentDao.insertStudent(student);
return nums;
}
@Override
public List<Student> findStudents() {
return studentDao.selectStudents();
}
}
10. 處理器
在controller包下
package com.md.controller;
import com.md.domain.Student;
import com.md.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author MD
* @create 2020-08-13 20:37
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
// 自動注入
@Resource
private StudentService service;
// 註冊學生
@RequestMapping("/addStudent.do")
public ModelAndView addStudent(Student student){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
String tips = "註冊失敗";
// 呼叫service處理student
int nums = service.addStudent(student);
if (nums > 0){
tips = "註冊成功";
}
// 新增資料,指定頁面
mv.addObject("tips",tips);
mv.setViewName("result");
return mv;
}
// 處理查詢,響應ajax
@RequestMapping("/queryStudent.do")
@ResponseBody
public List<Student> queryStudent(){
List<Student> students = service.findStudents();
// 會被框架轉為json的陣列
return students;
}
}
11. 首頁
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" +
request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() +
request.getContextPath() + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>功能入口</title>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
<div align="center">
<h2>SSM整合</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td> <a href="addStudent.jsp">學生註冊</a> </td>
</tr>
<br>
<tr>
<td><a href="listStudent.jsp">學生資訊</a> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
12. 註冊頁面
addStudent.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" +
request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() +
request.getContextPath() + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>學生註冊</title>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
<div align="center">
<form action="student/addStudent.do" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>姓名:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="name"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>年齡:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="age"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td><input type="submit" value="注 冊"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
13. 註冊結果
在/WEB-INF/jsp/result.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: MD
Date: 2020/8/13
Time: 20:45
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>註冊結果:${tips}</h1>
</body>
</html>
14. 瀏覽頁面
listStudent.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: MD
Date: 2020/8/13
Time: 21:10
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" +
request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() +
request.getContextPath() + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>學生資訊</title>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-3.4.1.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" >
$(function () {
// 在當前的頁面載入後執行loadStudent函式
loadStudent();
$("#btn").click(function () {
loadStudent();
});
});
// 自定義函式
function loadStudent() {
$.ajax({
url:"student/queryStudent.do",
type:"get",
dataType:"json",
success:function (data) {
// 清除舊資料
$("#info").html("");
$.each(data,function (i,n) {
// 新增新資料
$("#info").append("<tr>")
.append("<td>"+n.id+"</td>")
.append("<td>"+n.name+"</td>")
.append("<td>"+n.age+"</td>")
.append("</tr>")
})
}
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div align="center">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<td>學號</td>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>年齡</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody id="info">
</tbody>
</table>
<input type="button" id="btn" value="查詢資料">
</div>
</body>
</html>
此時再配置Tomcat執行即可,之後再新增新的功能