SSM框架整合

糖goblin發表於2021-05-11
SSM框架

整合SSM框架

1、環境說明

環境：

  • IDEA 2018
  • MySql 8.0.23
  • Tomcat 9
  • Maven 3.6
  • jdk 1.8+

要求：

  • 需要熟練掌握MySQL資料庫，Spring，JavaWeb及MyBatis知識，簡單的前端知識

2、資料庫環境

建立一個存放書籍資料的資料庫表

CREATE TABLE books(
    bookID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
    bookName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL ,
    bookCounts INT NOT NULL ,
    detail VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL
)default CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO books VALUES
(1,"Spring",1,"從入門到放棄"),
(2,"MyBatis",10,"從刪庫到跑路"),
(3,"SpringMvc",5,"從進門到進牢")

3、基本環境搭建

3.1、新建一個Maven專案

3.2、匯入相關依賴

<dependencies>
    <!--Junit-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--資料庫驅動-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.23</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--資料庫連線池：c3p0  dbcp -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
        <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.5.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--Servlet,jsp-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--Mybatis-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--Spring-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.6</version>
    </dependency>
    
	<!--lombok-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.12</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

3.3、Maven資源過濾設定

<!--靜態資源匯出問題-->
<!--在build中配置resources，來防止我們資源匯出失敗的問題-->
<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</build>

3.4、建立基本結構和配置框架

  • com.shun.pojo 實體層
  • com.shun.dao
  • com.shun.service
  • com.shun.controller
  • mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    
</configuration>
  • applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                          ">

</beans>

4、Mybatis層編寫

  1. 資料庫配置檔案 database.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# 如果使用的是MySql8.0+，增加一個時區的配置；serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springmvc?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

注意：database.properties檔案中不能有空格！

  1. 關聯資料庫
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>
  1. 編寫MyBatis的核心配置檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.shun.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.shun.dao.BookMapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

  1. 編寫資料庫對應的實體類 pojo.Books

    使用Lombok外掛

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {
    private Integer bookID;
    private String bookName;
    private Integer bookCounts;
    private String detail;
}
  1. 編寫Dao層 的 Mapper介面！
public interface BookMapper {
    //增加一本書
    int addBook(Books books);
    //刪除一本書
    int deleteBookById(@Param("bookId") int id);
    //更新一本書
    int updateBook(Books books);
    //查詢一本書
    Books queryBookById(@Param("bookId") int id);
    //查詢全部的書
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}
  1. 編寫介面對應的 Mapper.xml 檔案。需要匯入MyBatis的包；
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.shun.dao.BookMapper">

    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books">
        insert into springmvc.books(bookName, bookCounts, detail)
        values (#{bookName},#{bookCounts},#{detail})
    </insert>

    <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int">
        delete from springmvc.books where bookID = #{bookId}
    </delete>

    <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
        update springmvc.books
        set  bookName=#{bookName},bookCounts=#{bookCounts},detail=#{detail}
        where bookID = #{bookID};
    </update>

    <select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books">
        select * from springmvc.books
        where bookID = #{bookId}
    </select>

    <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="list">
        select * from springmvc.books
    </select>
</mapper>

  1. 編寫Service層的介面和實現類

    介面：

public interface BookService {
    //增加一本書
    int addBook(Books books);
    //刪除一本書
    int deleteBookById(int id);
    //更新一本書
    int updateBook(Books books);
    //查詢一本書
    Books queryBookById(int id);
    //查詢全部的書
    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}

​ 實現類：

public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    //呼叫dao層的操作，設定一個set介面，方便Spring管理
    private BookMapper bookMapper;

    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }

    public int addBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.addBook(books);
    }

    public int deleteBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
    }

    public int updateBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
    }

    public Books queryBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
    }

    public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }
}

OK，到此，底層需求操作編寫完畢！

5、Spring層

  1. 配置Spring整合MyBatis，這裡資料來源使用c3p0連線池；

  2. 編寫Spring整合Mybatis的相關的配置檔案；spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           ">

    <!--1.關聯資料庫配置檔案-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>

    <!--2.連線池
        dbcp：半自動化操作 ，不能自動連線
        c3p0:  自動化操作（自動化的載入配置檔案，並且可以自動設定到物件中！）
        druid   :   hikari
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

        &lt;!&ndash;c3p0 連線池的私有屬性&ndash;&gt;
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
        &lt;!&ndash;關閉連線後不自動commit&ndash;&gt;
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
        &lt;!&ndash;獲取連線超時時間&ndash;&gt;
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="1000"/>
        &lt;!&ndash;當獲取連線失敗重試次數&ndash;&gt;
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!--3.SQLSessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--繫結Mybatis的配置檔案-->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!--4.配置dao介面掃描包，動態的實現了Dao介面可以注入到Spring容器中-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!--注入 sqlSessionFactory-->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!--要掃描的dao包-->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.shun.dao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

注意：資料庫錯誤，建議使用spring預設連線池

<!--spring預設連線池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
  1. Spring整合service層
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           ">
    <!--掃描service下的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.shun.service"/>

    <!--2.將我們所有的業務類，注入到Spring，可以通過配置，或者註解實現-->
    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.shun.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!--3.申明式事務配置-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!--注入資料來源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

Spring層搞定！

6、SpringMVC層

  1. web.xml

web專案建立方式：

​ 右鍵專案 --> Add Frameworks Support --> Java EE --> Web Application --> 選中，然後點選OK，就建立成功了！

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--DispatchServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!--一定要注意:我們這裡載入的是總的配置檔案，之前被這裡坑了！-->
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--亂碼過濾-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--Session過期時間-->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>
  1. spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--1.註解驅動-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--2.靜態資源過濾-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--3.掃描包：controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.shun.controller"/>
    <!--4.檢視解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
  1. Spring配置整合檔案，applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           ">

    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring-service.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/>
</beans>

配置檔案，暫時結束！Controller 和 檢視層編寫

7、Controller 和 檢視層編寫

  1. BookController 類編寫 ， 方法一：查詢全部書籍
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
   @Autowired
   @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
   private BookService bookService;

   @RequestMapping("/allBook")
   public String list(Model model) {
       List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
       model.addAttribute("list", list);
       return "allBook";
  }
}
  1. 編寫首頁 index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
   <title>首頁</title>
   <style type="text/css">
       a {
           text-decoration: none;
           color: black;
           font-size: 18px;
      }
       h3 {
           width: 180px;
           height: 38px;
           margin: 100px auto;
           text-align: center;
           line-height: 38px;
           background: deepskyblue;
           border-radius: 4px;
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>

<h3>
   <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">點選進入列表頁</a>
</h3>
</body>
</html>
  1. 書籍列表頁面 allbook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
   <title>書籍列表</title>
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
   <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
   <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

   <div class="row clearfix">
       <div class="col-md-12 column">
           <div class="page-header">
               <h1>
                   <small>書籍列表 —— 顯示所有書籍</small>
               </h1>
           </div>
       </div>
   </div>

   <div class="row">
       <div class="col-md-4 column">
           <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a>
       </div>
   </div>

   <div class="row clearfix">
       <div class="col-md-12 column">
           <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
               <thead>
               <tr>
                   <th>書籍編號</th>
                   <th>書籍名字</th>
                   <th>書籍數量</th>
                   <th>書籍詳情</th>
                   <th>操作</th>
               </tr>
               </thead>

               <tbody>
               <c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}">
                   <tr>
                       <td>${book.getBookID()}</td>
                       <td>${book.getBookName()}</td>
                       <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td>
                       <td>${book.getDetail()}</td>
                       <td>
                           <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a> |
                           <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}">刪除</a>
                       </td>
                   </tr>
               </c:forEach>
               </tbody>
           </table>
       </div>
   </div>
</div>
  1. BookController 類編寫 ， 方法二：新增書籍
@RequestMapping("/toAddBook")
public String toAddPaper() {
   return "addBook";
}

@RequestMapping("/addBook")
public String addPaper(Books books) {
   System.out.println(books);
   bookService.addBook(books);
   return "redirect:/book/allBook";
}
  1. 新增書籍頁面：addBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<html>
    <head>
        <title>新增書籍</title>
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
        <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="container">

            <div class="row clearfix">
                <div class="col-md-12 column">
                    <div class="page-header">
                        <h1>
                            <small>新增書籍</small>
                        </h1>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post">
                書籍名稱：<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br>
                書籍數量：<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br>
                書籍詳情：<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br>
                <input type="submit" value="新增">
            </form>

        </div>
    </body>
</html>
  1. BookController 類編寫 ， 方法三：修改書籍
@RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook")
public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) {
   Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id);
   System.out.println(books);
   model.addAttribute("book",books );
   return "updateBook";
}

@RequestMapping("/updateBook")
public String updateBook(Model model, Books book) {
   System.out.println(book);
   bookService.updateBook(book);
   Books books = bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID());
   model.addAttribute("books", books);
   return "redirect:/book/allBook";
}
  1. 修改書籍頁面 updateBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>修改資訊</title>
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
        <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="container">

            <div class="row clearfix">
                <div class="col-md-12 column">
                    <div class="page-header">
                        <h1>
                            <small>修改資訊</small>
                        </h1>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/>
                書籍名稱：<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/>
                書籍數量：<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/>
                書籍詳情：<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail() }"/>
                <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
            </form>

        </div>
    </body>
</html>
  1. BookController 類編寫 ， 方法四：刪除書籍
@RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}")
public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id) {
   bookService.deleteBookById(id);
   return "redirect:/book/allBook";
}
  1. 配置Tomcat，進行執行！

到目前為止，這個SSM專案整合已經完全的OK了，可以直接執行進行測試！

8、專案結構圖

  1. 總目錄

  1. src目錄

  1. web目錄

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