Android開發，《第一行程式碼（第三版）》呼叫攝像頭崩潰解決方法

最近在學習安卓，到呼叫攝像頭這裡的時候寫出來程式一直崩潰，人都給整崩潰了，通過查閱資料以及看前面的章節，這是因為沒有動態申請許可權的原因，改正如下：
首先AndroidManifest.xml裡宣告一下許可權：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.cameraalbumtest">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <provider
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
        </provider>
    </application>
</manifest>

然後MainActivity這樣寫：

package com.example.cameraalbumtest

import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.graphics.Bitmap
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory
import android.graphics.Matrix
import android.media.ExifInterface
import android.net.Uri
import android.os.Build
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.provider.MediaStore
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider
import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.*
import java.io.File

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    val takePhoto = 1
    lateinit var imageUri: Uri
    lateinit var outputImage: File

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        takePhotoBtn.setOnClickListener{
            if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA)!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    arrayOf(android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA),1)
            }else{
                camera()
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(
        requestCode: Int,
        permissions: Array<out String>,
        grantResults: IntArray
    ) {
        when (requestCode){
            1 -> {
                if(grantResults.isNotEmpty() &&
                    grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    camera()
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this,"You denied the permission",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                }
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
        when (requestCode){
            takePhoto -> {
                if(resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK){
                    val bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(contentResolver.openInputStream(imageUri))
                    imageView.setImageBitmap(rotateIfRequired(bitmap))
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private fun camera(){
        try {
            outputImage = File(externalCacheDir, "output_image.jpg")
            if (outputImage.exists()){
                outputImage.delete()
            }
            outputImage.createNewFile()
            imageUri = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
                FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest." +
                        "fileprovider",outputImage)
            }else{
                Uri.fromFile(outputImage)
            }

            val intent = Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE")
            intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri)
            startActivityForResult(intent, takePhoto)
        }catch (e: SecurityException){
            e.printStackTrace()
        }
    }

    private fun rotateIfRequired(bitmap: Bitmap): Bitmap{
        val exif = ExifInterface(outputImage.path)
        val orientation = exif.getAttributeInt(ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION,
            ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_NORMAL)
        return when(orientation){
            ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90 -> rotateBitmap(bitmap, 90)
            ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180 -> rotateBitmap(bitmap, 180)
            ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270 -> rotateBitmap(bitmap, 270)
            else -> bitmap
        }
    }

    private fun rotateBitmap(bitmap: Bitmap, degree: Int): Bitmap {
        val matrix = Matrix()
        matrix.postRotate(degree.toFloat())
        val rotateBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.width, bitmap.height,
            matrix, true)
        bitmap.recycle()
        return  rotateBitmap
    }
}

終於能用了！！喝彩喝彩，以上我真機測試能用，我的手機是vivo iqoo，Android10