目標很簡單,用CameraX開啟攝像頭預覽,實時顯示在介面上。看看CameraX有沒有Google說的那麼好用。先按最簡單的來,把預覽顯示出來。
引入依賴
模組gradle的一些配置,使用的Android SDK版本為31,啟用了databinding
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'
android {
compileSdkVersion 31
buildToolsVersion "31.0.0"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 31
}
dataBinding {
enabled = true
}
}
引入CameraX依賴(CameraX 核心庫是用camera2實現的),目前主要用1.1.0-alpha11版本
dependencies {
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-core:1.1.0-alpha11"
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-camera2:1.1.0-alpha11"
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-lifecycle:1.1.0-alpha11"
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-view:1.0.0-alpha31"
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-extensions:1.0.0-alpha31"
}
使用1.0.2版本的CameraX核心庫會報錯,找不到getOrCreateInstance
方法。
??? bug "NoSuchMethodError getOrCreateInstance"
```log
CrashHandler: In thread: Thread[main,5,main]
UncaughtException detected: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No static method getOrCreateInstance(Landroid/content/Context;)Lcom/google/common/util/concurrent/ListenableFuture; in class Landroidx/camera/core/CameraX; or its super classes (declaration of 'androidx.camera.core.CameraX' appears in /data/app/com.rustfisher.tutorial2020-1/base.apk)
at androidx.camera.lifecycle.ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(ProcessCameraProvider.java:149)
at com.rustfisher.tutorial2020.camera.SimplePreviewXAct.onCreate(SimplePreviewXAct.java:36)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6161)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1112)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2507)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2640)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:182)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1493)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:111)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:194)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5682)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:963)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:758)
```
許可權
需要動態申請android.permission.CAMERA
許可權
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
本文略過動態申請許可權的地方
介面
CameraX為開發者貼心地準備了androidx.camera.view.PreviewView
把它放在一個FrameLayout裡,如下的act_simple_preivew_x.layout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<androidx.camera.view.PreviewView
android:id="@+id/previewView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</FrameLayout>
</layout>
開啟預覽
在activity中開啟相機預覽
// SimplePreviewXAct.java
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.camera.core.Camera;
import androidx.camera.core.CameraSelector;
import androidx.camera.core.Preview;
import androidx.camera.lifecycle.ProcessCameraProvider;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
// import com.rustfisher.tutorial2020.R;
// import com.rustfisher.tutorial2020.databinding.ActSimplePreivewXBinding;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class SimplePreviewXAct extends AppCompatActivity {
private ActSimplePreivewXBinding mBinding;
private ListenableFuture<ProcessCameraProvider> cameraProviderFuture;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.act_simple_preivew_x);
cameraProviderFuture = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(this);
cameraProviderFuture.addListener(() -> {
try {
ProcessCameraProvider cameraProvider = cameraProviderFuture.get();
bindPreview(cameraProvider);
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
// 這裡不用處理
}
}, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this));
}
void bindPreview(@NonNull ProcessCameraProvider cameraProvider) {
Preview preview = new Preview.Builder().build();
CameraSelector cameraSelector = new CameraSelector.Builder()
.requireLensFacing(CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_BACK)
.build();
preview.setSurfaceProvider(mBinding.previewView.getSurfaceProvider());
Camera camera = cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(this, cameraSelector, preview);
}
}
注意我們這裡使用的是androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
為了獲得ProcessCameraProvider,用ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance
方法拿到一個cameraProviderFuture
。
在cameraProviderFuture
完成後取出ProcessCameraProvider(cameraProvider
)。
要開啟預覽,通過Preview.Builder
構建一個Preview。用CameraSelector來選擇後置攝像頭。
Preview的SurfaceProvider由layout中的androidx.camera.view.PreviewView提供。
cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle
繫結上後,啟動攝像頭預覽
執行測試
執行到手機上,開啟這個Activity就可以看到攝像頭預覽。影像寬高比正常,沒有拉伸現象。
- 榮耀 EMUI 3.1 Lite,Android 5.1 執行正常
- Redmi 9A,MIUI 12.5.1穩定版,Android 10 執行正常
- 一加5,H2OS 10.0.3,Android 10 執行正常
增加開關
在layout里加2個按鈕,控制相機開關
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:padding="4dp">
<Button
android:id="@+id/start"
style="@style/NormalBtn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="開啟" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/end"
style="@style/NormalBtn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginStart="12dp"
android:text="關閉" />
</LinearLayout>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<androidx.camera.view.PreviewView
android:id="@+id/previewView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</layout>
根layout換成LinearLayout
修改bindPreview
方法,先檢查傳入的ProcessCameraProvider是否為空
private void bindPreview(ProcessCameraProvider cameraProvider) {
if (cameraProvider == null) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "沒獲取到相機", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
Preview preview = new Preview.Builder().build();
CameraSelector cameraSelector = new CameraSelector.Builder()
.requireLensFacing(CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_BACK)
.build();
preview.setSurfaceProvider(mBinding.previewView.getSurfaceProvider());
Camera camera = cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(this, cameraSelector, preview);
}
修改後的activity部分程式碼
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.camera.core.Camera;
import androidx.camera.core.CameraSelector;
import androidx.camera.core.Preview;
import androidx.camera.lifecycle.ProcessCameraProvider;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
// import com.rustfisher.tutorial2020.R;
// import com.rustfisher.tutorial2020.databinding.ActSimplePreivewXBinding;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class SimplePreviewXAct extends AppCompatActivity {
private ActSimplePreivewXBinding mBinding;
private ListenableFuture<ProcessCameraProvider> mCameraProviderFuture;
private ProcessCameraProvider mCameraProvider;
private boolean mRunning = false;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.act_simple_preivew_x);
mCameraProviderFuture = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(this);
mCameraProviderFuture.addListener(() -> {
try {
mCameraProvider = mCameraProviderFuture.get();
} catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
// 這裡不用處理
}
}, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this));
mBinding.start.setOnClickListener(v -> {
if (mCameraProvider != null && !mRunning) {
bindPreview(mCameraProvider);
}
});
mBinding.end.setOnClickListener(v -> {
mCameraProvider.unbindAll();
mRunning = false;
});
}
private void bindPreview(ProcessCameraProvider cameraProvider) {
if (cameraProvider == null) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "沒獲取到相機", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
Preview preview = new Preview.Builder().build();
CameraSelector cameraSelector = new CameraSelector.Builder()
.requireLensFacing(CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_BACK)
.build();
preview.setSurfaceProvider(mBinding.previewView.getSurfaceProvider());
Camera camera = cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(this, cameraSelector, preview);
mRunning = true;
}
}
拿到mCameraProvider
後不要立刻繫結生命週期。
如果要開啟預覽,則呼叫bindPreview(mCameraProvider)
。記錄一下現在相機已經開啟預覽mRunning = true
。
如果要停止預覽,則解綁生命週期mCameraProvider.unbindAll()
。這個方法需要在主執行緒呼叫。
執行起來後,可以用按鈕來控制相機預覽的開關。相比之前,PreviewView的高度變小了一點(讓了點位置給按鈕)。
但視訊寬高比例正常,沒有被拉伸。預設的配置下,還有自動對焦的功能。
小結
從簡單的開啟相機預覽來看,CameraX簡化了開發者的工作。提供了PreviewView,開發者不需要自定義SurfaceView或者TextureView。實時預覽中,相機能夠自動對焦。本文用的是1.1.0-alpha11,而CameraX還在發展之中。
參考
- camerax實現預覽 - developer.android.com
- https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/camera
- NoSuchMethodError - stackoverflow
原文連結CameraX 開啟攝像頭預覽