postgresql安裝(source)

測試環境資訊:

測試作業系統:Centos 7.6

IP資訊     :192.168.112.88

系統安裝資訊:最小化安裝

官方網站:

https://www.postgresql.org

可以看到下載介面只有 RPM 與 編譯安裝介質.

選擇other linux 尋求 Linux - Generic 顯示如下描述.

PostgreSQL is available integrated with the package management on most Linux platforms. When available, this is the recommended way to install PostgreSQL, since it provides proper integration with the operating system, including automatic patching and other management functionality.

Should packages not be available for your distribution, or there are issues with your package manager, there are graphical installers available.

Finally, most Linux systems make it easy to build from source.

PG對RPM或編譯安裝方式比較友好,早期版本應該支援  Linux Generic.

下載編譯安裝介質

postgresql-12.4.tar.gz

安裝步驟參考

Chapter 16. Installation from Source Code Part III. Server Administration

1.(16.3) Getting the Source

   gunzip postgresql-12.4.tar.gz

   tar xf postgresql-12.4.tar

2.(16.4) Installation Procedure

   2.1 Configuration

     The first step of the installation procedure is to configure the source tree for your system and choose the options you would like. This is done by running the        configure script. For a default installation simply enter:

./configure

This script will run a number of tests to determine values for various system dependent variables and detect any quirks of your operating system, and finally will create several files in the build tree to record what it found. You can also run configure in a directory outside the source tree, if you want to keep the build directory separate. This procedure is also called a VPATH build. Here's how:

mkdir build_dir

cd build_dir

/path/to/source/tree/configure [options go here]

make

The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as well as all client applications and interfaces that require only a C compiler. All files will be installed under /usr/local/pgsql by default.

You can customize the build and installation process by supplying one or more of the following command line options to configure:

--prefix=PREFIX

Install all files under the directory PREFIX instead of /usr/local/pgsql. The actual files will be installed into various subdirectories; no files will ever be installed directly into the PREFIX directory.

If you have special needs, you can also customize the individual subdirectories with the following options. However, if you leave these with their defaults, the installation will be relocatable, meaning you can move the directory after installation. (The man and doc locations are not affected by this.)

For relocatable installs, you might want to use configure's --disable-rpath option. Also, you will need to tell the operating system how to find the shared libraries.

我們這裡建立postgresql 軟體目錄,使用--prefix引數指定目錄

mkdir /pgsoft

[root@PGHOST postgresql-12.4]# ./configure --prefix=/pgsoft

checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

checking which template to use... linux

checking whether NLS is wanted... no

checking for default port number... 5432

checking for block size... 8kB

checking for segment size... 1GB

checking for WAL block size... 8kB

checking for gcc... no

checking for cc... no

configure: error: in `/u01/postgresql-12.4':

configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH

See `config.log' for more details

根據錯誤提示缺少 C 編譯器.

檢視文件資訊  16.2. Requirements

GNU make version 3.80 or newer is required; other make programs or older GNU make versions will not work. (GNU make is sometimes installed under the name gmake.) To test for GNU make enter:

You need an ISO/ANSI C compiler (at least C99-compliant). Recent versions of GCC are recommended, but PostgreSQL is known to build using a wide variety of compilers from different vendors.

tar is required to unpack the source distribution, in addition to either gzip or bzip2.

The GNU Readline library is used by default. It allows psql (the PostgreSQL command line SQL interpreter) to remember each command you type, and allows you to use arrow keys to recall and edit previous commands. This is very helpful and is strongly recommended. If you don't want to use it then you must specify the --without-readline option to configure. As an alternative, you can often use the BSD-licensed libedit library, originally developed on NetBSD. The libedit library is GNU Readline-compatible and is used if libreadline is not found, or if --with-libedit-preferred is used as an option to configure. If you are using a package-based Linux distribution, be aware that you need both the readline and readline-devel packages, if those are separate in your distribution.

The zlib compression library is used by default. If you don't want to use it then you must specify the --without-zlib option to configure. Using this option disables support for compressed archives in pg_dump and pg_restore.

部分略

安裝依賴資訊

[root@PGHOST /]# yum install c++ gcc readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Determining fastest mirrors

2.2 Build

    make

make[1]: Leaving directory `/u01/postgresql-12.4/config'

All of PostgreSQL successfully made. Ready to install.

2.3 Regression Tests

    make check

============== initializing database system           ==============

pg_regress: initdb failed

Examine /u01/postgresql-12.4/src/test/regress/log/initdb.log for the reason.

Command was: "initdb" -D "/u01/postgresql-12.4/src/test/regress/./tmp_check/data" --no-clean --no-sync > "/u01/postgresql-12.4/src/test/regress/log/initdb.log" 2>&1

make[1]: *** [check] Error 2

make[1]: Leaving directory `/u01/postgresql-12.4/src/test/regress'

make: *** [check] Error 2

檢視錯誤日誌

[root@PGHOST yum.repos.d]# cat /u01/postgresql-12.4/src/test/regress/log/initdb.log | more

Running in no-clean mode.  Mistakes will not be cleaned up.

initdb: error: cannot be run as root

Please log in (using, e.g., "su") as the (unprivileged) user that will

own the server process.

仔細檢視官方文件:

16.1. Short Version

./configure

make

su

make install

adduser postgres

mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data

chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data

su - postgres

/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data

/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l logfile start

/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test

/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test

新增postgres 使用者應該是在 make install 後.此時在 initdb 步驟報錯暫時跳過,繼續安裝過程.

2.4.Installing the Files

make install

make[1]: Leaving directory `/u01/postgresql-12.4/config'

PostgreSQL installation complete.

可以看到軟體安裝完成.

3.(16.5) Post-Installation Setup

     3.1 (16.5.1) Shared Libraries

        The method to set the shared library search path varies between platforms, but the most widely-used method is to set the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH like so: In Bourne shells (sh, ksh, bash, zsh):

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

or in csh or tcsh:

setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib

      3.2 (16.5.2) Environment Variables

            To do this, add the following to your shell start-up file, such as ~/.bash_profile (or /etc/profile, if you want it to affect all users):

PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH

export PATH

If you are using csh or tcsh, then use this command:

set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin $path )

      

4.(Chapter 18) Server Setup and Operation

      4.1.(18.1) The PostgreSQL User Account

          useradd postgres

          passwd postgres

      4.2.(18.2) Creating a Database Cluster

          [root@PGHOST ~]# chown postgres:postgres /pgsoft/

          [root@PGHOST ~]# su - postgres

          [postgres@PGHOST data]$ initdb -D /pgsoft/data/

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".

This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".

The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".

The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /pgsoft/data ... ok

creating subdirectories ... ok

selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix

selecting default max_connections ... 100

selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB

selecting default time zone ... America/New_York

creating configuration files ... ok

running bootstrap script ... ok

performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok

syncing data to disk ... ok

initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections

You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or

--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    pg_ctl -D /pgsoft/data/ -l logfile start

5.資料庫檢查

   5.1 啟動資料庫

[postgres@PGHOST ~]$ pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA

waiting for server to start....2020-09-29 05:13:52.463 EDT [34554] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 12.4 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36), 64-bit

2020-09-29 05:13:52.465 EDT [34554] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432

2020-09-29 05:13:52.465 EDT [34554] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432

2020-09-29 05:13:52.467 EDT [34554] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"

2020-09-29 05:13:52.489 EDT [34555] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2020-09-29 05:12:32 EDT

2020-09-29 05:13:52.494 EDT [34554] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections

 done

server started

    5.2 檢查執行情況

        [postgres@PGHOST ~]$ pg_ctl status

pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 34554)

/pgsoft/bin/postgres "-D" "/pgsoft/data"