git status 命令總結 —— Git 學習筆記 06

當執行 git status 的時候，返回結果大致可分為3個部分：

1. 擬提交的變更：這是已經放入暫存區，準備使用 git commit 命令提交的變更
2. 未暫存的變更：這是工作目錄和暫存區快照之間存在差異的檔案列表
3. 未跟蹤的檔案：這類檔案對於 Git 系統來說是未知的，也是可以被忽略的

如果在 git status 命令後面加上 --ignored選項，還會列出被忽略的檔案。
例如：

$ git status --ignored
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working\
 directory)
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
Ignored files:
  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

還有一種簡潔的輸出格式，即新增 --short 選項，例如

$ git status --short
 D apple.c
 M hello.c
A  world.c
AD world_bak.c
?? 123.txt

git status --short也可以簡單寫成 git status -s。

這種輸出每一行的格式是

XY PATH1 -> PATH2

PATH1 表示最近一次提交的檔案， -> PATH2表示索引或工作目錄中檔案，當檔案路徑改變時才會有 -> PATH2這一項。

X和Y都是狀態碼，X表示暫存區和最近一次提交的差異，Y表示工作目錄和暫存區的差異。

其含義是：

• ’ ’ = unmodified
• M = modified
• A = added
• D = deleted
• R = renamed
• C = copied
• U = updated but unmerged

預設不會列出被忽略的檔案，除非使用 --ignored選項。

X和Y可能的組合如下表（方括號裡面的可以沒有）：

X          Y     Meaning
-------------------------------------------------
                 not updated
M        [ MD]   updated in index
A        [ MD]   added to index
D                deleted from index
R        [ MD]   renamed in index
C        [ MD]   copied in index
[MARC]           index and work tree matches
[ MARC]     M    work tree changed since index
[ MARC]     D    deleted in work tree
[ D]        R    renamed in work tree
[ D]        C    copied in work tree
-------------------------------------------------
D           D    unmerged, both deleted
A           U    unmerged, added by us
U           D    unmerged, deleted by them
U           A    unmerged, added by them
D           U    unmerged, deleted by us
A           A    unmerged, both added
U           U    unmerged, both modified
-------------------------------------------------
?           ?    untracked
!           !    ignored
-------------------------------------------------

參考資料
【1】https://git-scm.com/docs/git-status
【2】《Git 高手之路》，人民郵電出版社