Ten Tips for Smarter Google Searches
十個更聰明使用 Google 搜尋的技巧
Date: Dec 1, 2006
Article is provided courtesy of Que.
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Most people use Google in a very inefficient and often ineffective manner. If all you do is enter a few keywords and click the search button, you're one of those users who don't get as much out of Google as you could. In this article, Google expert Michael Miller shows you how to search smarter — and more effectively.
大多數人使用 Google 的方式既低效又常常無效。如果你只是在搜尋框中輸入幾個關鍵詞然後點選搜尋按鈕，那麼你就是那些沒有充分利用 Google 的使用者之一。在本文中，Google 專家邁克爾·米勒將向你展示如何更聰明——更有效地進行搜尋。
This excerpt is from the book "Googlepedia."
這段摘錄來自《Googlepedia》一書。
Google is a very sophisticated search engine, but most users don’t use its full power. The average user enters a keyword or two into Google’s search box, clicks the Search button, and waits for Google to display the first page of search results. This is a rather brute-force method of searching, unfortunately, and typically generates a ton of mostly unwanted results.
Google 是一個非常高階的搜尋引擎，但大多數使用者並沒有充分利用其功能。普通使用者只是在 Google 的搜尋框中輸入一兩個關鍵詞，點選搜尋按鈕，然後等待 Google 顯示第一頁的搜尋結果。不幸的是，這是一種相當粗暴的搜尋方法，通常會生成大量無關的結果。
There is a better way to search—one that generates a smaller, more targeted list of results. All you have to do is implement a few simple tips, and you’ll soon be generating more and better Google search results.
有一種更好的搜尋方式，可以生成更少、更有針對性的結果列表。你只需採用一些簡單的技巧，很快就能獲得更多、更好的 Google 搜尋結果。
Tip #1: Use the Correct Methodology
技巧 #1：使用正確的方法
Whether you’re conducting a basic or advanced Google search, there is a certain methodology you should employ. Follow the proper method and you’ll get very targeted results; ignore this advice and you’ll either get a ton of irrelevant results or a dearth of relevant ones.
不管您進行的是基礎的 Google 搜尋還是高階搜尋，都應該遵循特定的方法論。遵循正確的方法，您將獲得非常精準的結果；忽視此建議，您將獲得大量無關的搜尋結果，或者找不到相關的結果。
While there are many different (and equally valid) approaches to web searching, I guarantee that this particular approach will generate excellent results. It’s a six-step process that looks like this:
In other words, it pays to think before you search—and to continue to refine your search after you obtain the initial results. The extra effort is slight, and well worth it.
Tip #2: Conduct an "Either/Or" Search
技巧#2：進行“或”搜尋
Most users aren’t aware that Google automatically assumes the word "and" between all the words in a query. That is, if you enter two words, it assumes you’re looking for pages that include both those words—word one and word two. It doesn’t return pages that include only one or the other of the words
大多數使用者並不知道，谷歌會自動在查詢中的所有詞之間假設存在“和”這個詞。也就是說，如果你輸入兩個詞，它會假設你在尋找包含這兩個詞的頁面——詞一和詞二。它不會返回僅包含其中一個詞或另一個詞的頁面。
The upshot is that you don’t have to enter the word "and" in your query. If you’re searching for Bob and Ted, all you have to enter is bob ted. Google assumes the "and," and automatically includes it in its internal index search.
結果是你不需要在查詢中輸入“和”這個詞。如果你在搜尋Bob和Ted，你只需要輸入bob ted。谷歌會假設“和”，並自動將其包括在內部索引搜尋中。
This is different from assuming the word "or" between the words in your query. As an example, compare the query bob ted (which is really bob AND ted, remember)with bob OR ted. In the first query, the results include pages that mention both Bob and Ted. In the second query, the results include pages that mention Bob alone, as well as pages that mention Ted alone, as well as pages that mentioned both Bob and Ted. It’s a subtle difference, but an important one.
So if you want to conduct an "either/or" search—to search for pages that include one word or another word, but not necessarily both—you have to insert the OR operator between the two keywords. And when you use the OR operator, make sure to insert it in all uppercase, or Google will ignore it as a stop word—which we’ll discuss next.
因此，如果你想進行“或”搜尋——即搜尋包含一個詞或另一個詞，但不一定是兩者都有的頁面——你必須在兩個關鍵詞之間插入OR運算子。而且當你使用OR運算子時，確保將其全部大寫，否則谷歌會將其忽略為停用詞——我們接下來會討論這一點。
Tip #3: Include or Exclude Words in Your Search
技巧 #3：在搜尋中包含或排除詞語
Speaking of the words "and" and "or," Google automatically ignores these and other small, common words in your queries. These are called stop words, and include "and," "the," "where," "how," "what," "or" (in all lowercase), and other similar words—along with certain single digits and single letters (such as "a").
說到“和”和“或”這些詞，谷歌會自動忽略你查詢中的這些以及其他小的常見詞。這些詞被稱為停用詞，包括“和”、“的”、“哪裡”、“如何”、“什麼”、“或”（全部小寫），以及其他類似的詞——還有某些單個數字和單個字母（如“a”）。
Including a stop word in a search normally does nothing but slow the search down, which is why Google excises them. As an example, Google takes the query how a toaster works, removes the words "how" and "a," and creates the new, shorter query toaster works.
在搜尋中包含停用詞通常只會讓搜尋速度變慢，這就是為什麼谷歌會刪除它們。例如，谷歌會將查詢how a toaster works中的“how”和“a”去掉，形成一個新的、更短的查詢toaster works。
If you want these common words included in your query, you can override the stop word exclusion by telling Google that it must include specific words in the query. You do this with the + operator, in front of the otherwise excluded word. For example, to include the word "how" in your query, you’d enter +how. Be sure to include a space before the + sign, but not after it.
如果你希望這些常見詞包含在你的查詢中，你可以透過告訴谷歌必須包含特定詞語來覆蓋停用詞排除。你可以在原本會被排除的詞前面使用+運算子。例如，要在查詢中包含“how”這個詞，你需要輸入+how。確保在+號前包含一個空格，但在+號後不要有空格。
On the other hand, sometimes you want to refine your results by excluding pages that include a specific word. You can exclude words from your search by using the - operator; any word in your query preceded by the - sign is automatically excluded from the search results. Remember to always include a space before the - sign, and none after.
另一方面，有時你會希望透過排除包含特定詞語的頁面來最佳化搜尋結果。你可以使用-運算子來排除搜尋中的某些詞；查詢中任何前面帶有-號的詞都會自動從搜尋結果中排除。記住在-號前始終包含一個空格，而在-號後不要有空格。
For example, if you search for bass, you could get pages about the type of male singer or about the type of fish. If you want to search for the type of singer only, enter a query that looks like this: bass –fish.
例如，如果你搜尋bass，你可能會得到關於男低音歌手或關於一種魚的頁面。如果你只想搜尋關於歌手的內容，可以輸入這樣的查詢：bass -fish。
Tip #4: Search for Similar Words
技巧 #4：搜尋相似詞語
Not sure you’re thinking of the right word for a query? Do you worry that some web pages might use alternate words to describe what you’re thinking of?
不確定你想到的查詢詞是否正確？你是否擔心某些網頁可能會使用其他詞語來描述你想到的內容？
Fortunately, Google lets you search for similar words—called synonyms—by using the operator. Just include the character before the word in question, and Google will search for all pages that include that word and all appropriate synonyms.
幸運的是，谷歌允許你透過使用運算子來搜尋相似詞——即同義詞。只需在相關詞語前面加上字元，谷歌就會搜尋包含該詞語及所有適當同義詞的頁面。
For example, to search for words that are like the word "elderly," enter the query ~elderly. This will find pages that include not just the word "elderly," but also the words "senior," "older," "aged," and so on.
例如，要搜尋類似於“elderly”這個詞的詞語，可以輸入查詢~elderly。這樣不僅會找到包含“elderly”這個詞的頁面，還會找到包含“senior”、“older”、“aged”等詞語的頁面。
And here’s a bonus tip: To list only synonyms, without returning a ton of matches for the original word, combine the operator with the - operator, like this: keyword -keyword. This excludes the original word from the synonymous results. Using the previous example, to list only synonyms for the word "elderly," enter ~elderly -elderly.
這裡還有一個額外提示：如果你只想列出同義詞，並且不返回大量與原詞匹配的結果，可以將運算子與-運算子結合使用，如下所示：keyword -keyword。這將從同義詞結果中排除原詞。使用前面的例子，要只列出“elderly”這個詞的同義詞，可以輸入~elderly -elderly。
Tip #5: Search for an Exact Phrase
技巧 #5：搜尋精確短語
When you’re searching for an exact phrase, you won’t get the best results simply by entering all the words in the phrase as your query. Google might return results including the phrase, but it will also return results that include all those words—but not necessarily in that exact order.
當你在搜尋一個精確短語時，僅僅透過輸入短語中的所有詞語作為查詢可能無法獲得最佳結果。谷歌可能會返回包含該短語的結果，但它也會返回包含所有這些詞語的結果——但不一定是按該精確順序排列的。
When you want to search for an exact phrase, you should enclose the entire phrase in quotation marks. This tells Google to search for the precise keywords in the prescribed order.
當你想搜尋一個精確短語時，應該將整個短語用引號括起來。這告訴谷歌按照規定的順序搜尋這些精確的關鍵詞。
For example, if you’re searching for Monty Python, you could enter monty python as your query, and you’d get acceptable results; the results will include pages that include both the words "monty" and "python." But these results will include not only pages about the British comedy troupe, but also pages about snakes named Monty, and guys named Monty who have snakes for pets, and any other pages where the words "monty" and "python" occur—anywhere in the page, even if they don’t appear adjacent to one another.
例如，如果你在搜尋Monty Python，你可以輸入monty python作為查詢，你會得到可以接受的結果；這些結果將包括包含“monty”和“python”這兩個詞的頁面。但這些結果不僅會包括關於英國喜劇團體的頁面，還會包括名字叫Monty的蛇、以及有叫Monty的人養蛇作為寵物的頁面，甚至任何包含“monty”和“python”這兩個詞的頁面——即使它們並沒有相鄰出現。
To limit the results just to pages about the Monty Python troupe, you want to search for pages that include the two words in that precise order as a phrase. So you should enter the query "monty python"—making sure to surround the phrase with quotation marks. This way, if the word "monty" occurs at the top of a page and "python" occurs at the bottom, it won’t be listed in the search results.
為了將結果限制在關於Monty Python劇團的頁面，你需要搜尋包含這兩個詞按精確順序排列的短語的頁面。因此，你應該輸入查詢"monty python"——確保用引號將短語括起來。這樣，如果“monty”一詞出現在頁面頂部而“python”一詞出現在頁面底部，它就不會被列入搜尋結果。
Tip #6: List Similar Pages
技巧 #6：列出類似頁面
Have you ever found a web page you really like, and then wondered if there were any more like it? Wonder no more; you can use Google’s related: operator to display pages that are in some way similar to the specified page. For example, if you really like the articles at InformIT, you can find similar pages by entering related:http://www.informit.com.
你是否曾經發現一個你非常喜歡的網頁，然後想知道是否還有類似的網頁？不用再疑惑了；你可以使用谷歌的related:運算子來顯示某種程度上與指定頁面相似的頁面。例如，如果你非常喜歡InformIT上的文章，你可以透過輸入related:http://www.informit.com來找到類似的頁面。
Tip #7: Fine-Tune Your Search with Other Operators
技巧 #7：使用其他運算子精細調整搜尋結果
The related: operator is just one of several operators you can use to fine-tune your Google search result. All these operators work the same way; enter the operator as part of your query, followed by the parameter for the operator directly after the colon (no spaces), like this: operator:parameter.
related:運算子只是你可以用來微調谷歌搜尋結果的幾個運算子之一。所有這些運算子的工作方式相同；將運算子作為查詢的一部分輸入，後面緊跟著引數，並在冒號之後直接輸入引數（沒有空格），如下所示：operator:parameter。
What search operators are available for your use? Here’s a short list:
有哪些搜尋運算子可供你使用？這裡是一個簡短的列表：
|
Operator運算子 |
Use使用方法 |
Usage用法 |
|
allinanchor: |
Restricts search to words in the link text on web pages (with multiple keywords) 將搜尋限制為網頁連結文字中的單詞（包含多個關鍵字） |
allinanchor:keyword1 keyword2 |
|
allintext: |
Restricts search to the body text of web pages (with multiple keywords) 將搜尋限制為網頁正文中的單詞（包含多個關鍵字） |
allintext:keyword1 keyword2 |
|
allintitle: |
Restricts search to the titles only of web pages (with multiple keywords) 將搜尋限制為僅網頁標題中的單詞（包含多個關鍵字） |
allintitle:keyword1 keyword2 |
|
allinurl: |
Restricts search to web page addresses (with multiple keywords) 將搜尋限制為網頁地址（包含多個關鍵字） |
inurl:keyword1 keyword2 |
|
filetype: |
Restricts search to files of a specified type 將搜尋限制為指定型別的檔案 |
filetype:extension |
|
inanchor: |
Restricts search to words in the link text on web pages 將搜尋限制為網頁連結文字中的單詞 |
inanchor:keyword |
|
intext: |
Restricts search to the body text of web pages 將搜尋限制為網頁正文中的單詞 |
intext:keyword |
|
intitle: |
Restricts search to the titles only of web pages 將搜尋限制為僅網頁標題中的單詞 |
intitle:keyword |
|
inurl: |
Restricts search to web page addresses 將搜尋限制為網頁地址 |
inurl:keyword |
|
site: |
Restricts search to a specific domain or website 將搜尋限制為特定域或網站 |
site:domain |
Tip #8: Search for Specific Facts 提示 #8：搜尋具體事實
When you’re looking for hard facts, Google might be able to help. Yes, Google will always return a list of sites that match your specific query, but if you phrase your query correctly—and are searching for a fact that Google has pre-identified—you can get the precise information you need at the top of the search results page.
當你在尋找硬性事實時，谷歌可能會有所幫助。是的，谷歌總是會返回與您的具體查詢匹配的網站列表，但如果您正確措辭查詢，並且搜尋的是谷歌已經預先識別的事實，您可以在搜尋結果頁面的頂部獲得所需的精確資訊。
What types of information are we talking about here? Fact-based information, such as birthdates, birthplaces, population, and so on. All you have to do is enter a query that states the fact you want to know. For example:
我們在這裡談論的是哪些型別的資訊？基於事實的資訊，例如出生日期、出生地點、人口等。您所需要做的只是輸入一個陳述您想知道的事實的查詢。例如：
- To find the population of San Francisco, enter population san Francisco.
- 要查詢舊金山的人口，輸入“population San Francisco”。
- To find where Mark Twain was born, enter birthplace mark twain.
- 要查詢馬克·吐溫的出生地，輸入“birthplace Mark Twain”。
- To find when President Bill Clinton was born, enter birthday bill clinton.
- 要查詢比爾·克林頓總統的出生日期，輸入“birthday Bill Clinton”。
- To find when Raymond Chandler died, enter die raymond chandler.
- 要查詢雷蒙德·錢德勒的去世日期，輸入“die Raymond Chandler”。
- To find who is the president of Germany, enter president germany.
- 要查詢德國總統是誰，輸入“president Germany”。
The answers to these questions are displayed at the top of your search results page. You get the precise answer to your question, according to the referenced website. Click the associated link to learn more from this source.
這些問題的答案會顯示在搜尋結果頁面的頂部。根據引用的網站，您會得到問題的準確答案。點選相關連結，可以從該來源瞭解更多資訊。
Tip #9: Search the Google Directory 提示 #9：搜尋 Google 目錄
Google indexes billions and billions of web pages in its search database—which more often than not produces an overwhelming number of search results. The quantity is there, but sometimes you’d rather have a few quality results.
谷歌在其搜尋資料庫中索引了數十億個網頁——這通常會產生大量的搜尋結果。數量是有的，但有時你更希望得到少量的高質量結果。
When quality matters more than quantity, bypass the main Google search engine and use the Google Directory instead. The Google Directory is a relatively small database of web page listings, each of which is handpicked by a team of human editors. The listings in the Google Directory are then annotated and organized into relevant topic categories. You can browse the directory via category, or search for specific terms. 當質量比數量更重要時，可以繞過主要的谷歌搜尋引擎，改用谷歌目錄。谷歌目錄是一個相對較小的網頁列表資料庫，每個網頁都由一組人工編輯精選而出。谷歌目錄中的列表會被註釋並組織到相關的主題類別中。你可以透過類別瀏覽目錄，或者搜尋特定的術語。
The Google Directory is a useful alternative to searching the massive Google web page index. Google Directory results are more focused and of uniformly higher quality than what you find in the larger search index, and also help you to get a feel of what’s available in any given category. Plus, you get the advantage of browsing by category instead of searching, if that’s your style.
谷歌目錄是搜尋龐大谷歌網頁索引的一個有用替代方案。谷歌目錄的結果更集中且質量一致性更高，比你在較大搜尋索引中找到的結果更好，並且還能幫助你瞭解任何給定類別中的可用內容。此外，如果你喜歡瀏覽而不是搜尋，目錄瀏覽方式也能讓你受益。
To access the Google Directory, click the More link on the Google home page and then select Directory on the following page. Alternately, you can go directly to the Google Directory by entering directory.google.com in your web browser. 要訪問谷歌目錄，請點選谷歌首頁上的“更多”連結，然後在隨後的頁面中選擇“目錄”。或者，你也可以在瀏覽器中直接輸入 directory.google.com 以訪問谷歌目錄。
Tip #10: Use Google’s Other Specialized Searches
技巧 #10：使用谷歌的其他專業搜尋功能
The Google Directory isn’t the only alternative Google offers to its main search engine. Depending on the type of search you’re doing, you may get better results by using one of Google’s more specialized search sites. These include:
- Froogle searches online shopping sites for the lowest prices on specific products.
- Froogle 搜尋線上購物網站，尋找特定產品的最低價格。
- Google Answers is a paid service that directs your queries to a team of professional researchers—great for when you have more involved questions that you can’t answer with a simple search query.
- Google Answers 是一項付費服務，會將你的問題轉交給一組專業研究人員處理——非常適合那些你無法透過簡單搜尋查詢來解答的複雜問題。
- Google Apple Macintosh Search searches the main http://www.apple.com domain and other Apple-related sites.
- Google Apple Macintosh Search 搜尋主要的
http://www.apple.com域名和其他與蘋果相關的網站。 - Google Blog Search searches blogs and blog postings.
- Google Blog Search 搜尋部落格和部落格文章。
- Google Book Search searches the full text of hundreds of thousands of fiction and non-fiction books.
- Google Book Search 搜尋數十萬本小說和非小說書籍的全文。
- Google BSD UNIX Search searches a variety of sites that specialize in the BSD version of the UNIX operating system.
- Google BSD UNIX Search 搜尋各種專門介紹 BSD 版本 UNIX 作業系統的網站。
- Google Groups searches the UseNet archives for relevant articles and postings.
- Google Groups 搜尋 UseNet 存檔中的相關文章和帖子。
- Google Linux Search searches a variety of Linux-related sites.
- Google Linux Search 搜尋各種與 Linux 相關的網站。
- Google Microsoft Search searches the main http://www.microsoft.com domain and other Microsoft-related sites.
- Google Microsoft Search 搜尋主要的
http://www.microsoft.com域名和其他與微軟相關的網站。 - Google News searches a variety of news sites for up-to-the-minute news headlines—as well as historical newspaper archives dating back two centuries.
- Google News 搜尋各種新聞網站以獲取即時新聞頭條，同時也搜尋追溯到兩個世紀前的歷史報紙檔案。
- Google Scholar searches a database of scholarly journals, articles, papers, theses, and books, as well as select university and research libraries.
- Google Scholar 搜尋學術期刊、文章、論文、學位論文和書籍的資料庫，以及精選的大學和研究圖書館。
- Google U.S. Government Search searches a variety of U.S. government websites—which makes it the best place to search for official government forms, information, reports, and the like.
- Google U.S. Government Search 搜尋各種美國政府網站——使其成為查詢官方政府表格、資訊、報告等的最佳地方。
- Google University Search searches a database of more than 600 university websites—great for finding course schedules, admission information, and the like.
- Google University Search 搜尋包含超過600個大學網站的資料庫——非常適合查詢課程安排、入學資訊等。