文章轉載於:juejin.im/post/5b5ed0…
Flutter 控制元件中的 MaterialApp
作為App的頂層主頁入口,一般是用來配置主題、語言、頁面跳轉等...
MaterialApp
屬性
引數 | 型別 |
---|---|
navigatorKey(導航鍵) | GlobalKey |
home(主頁) | Widget |
routes(路由) | Map<String, WidgetBuilder> |
initialRoute(初始路由) | String |
onGenerateRoute(生成路由) | RouteFactory |
onUnknownRoute(未知路由) | RouteFactory |
navigatorObservers(導航觀察器) | List |
builder(建造者) | TransitionBuilder |
title(標題) | String |
onGenerateTitle(生成標題) | GenerateAppTitle |
color(顏色) | Color |
theme(主題) | ThemeData |
locale(地點) | Locale |
localizationsDelegates(本地化委託) | Iterable<LocalizationsDelegate> |
localeResolutionCallback(區域分辨回撥) | LocaleResolutionCallback |
supportedLocales(支援區域) | Iterable |
debugShowMaterialGrid(除錯顯示材質網格) | bool |
showPerformanceOverlay(顯示效能疊加) | bool |
checkerboardRasterCacheImages(棋盤格光柵快取影象) | bool |
checkerboardOffscreenLayers(棋盤格層) | bool |
showSemanticsDebugger(顯示語義偵錯程式) | bool |
debugShowCheckedModeBanner(除錯顯示檢查模式橫幅) | bool |
原始碼示例
建構函式如下:
const MaterialApp({
Key key,
this.navigatorKey,
this.home,
this.routes = const <String, WidgetBuilder>{},
this.initialRoute,
this.onGenerateRoute,
this.onUnknownRoute,
this.navigatorObservers = const <NavigatorObserver>[],
this.builder,
this.title = '',
this.onGenerateTitle,
this.color,
this.theme,
this.darkTheme,
this.locale,
this.localizationsDelegates,
this.localeListResolutionCallback,
this.localeResolutionCallback,
this.supportedLocales = const <Locale>[Locale('en', 'US')],
this.debugShowMaterialGrid = false,
this.showPerformanceOverlay = false,
this.checkerboardRasterCacheImages = false,
this.checkerboardOffscreenLayers = false,
this.showSemanticsDebugger = false,
this.debugShowCheckedModeBanner = true,
})
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屬性解釋
1.navigatorKey
navigatorKey.currentState
相當於 Navigator.of(context)
使用:
GlobalKey<NavigatorState> _navigatorKey=new GlobalKey();
new MaterialApp(
navigatorKey: _navigatorKey,
);
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2.home
進入程式後顯示的第一個頁面,傳入的是一個Widget
,但實際上這個Widget
需要包裹一個Scaffold
以顯示該程式使用Material Design
風格
使用:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
// This widget is the root of your application.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return new MaterialApp(
home: new MyHomePage(),
);
}
}
//這是一個可改變的Widget
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_MyHomePageState createState() => new _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return new Scaffold(
appBar: new AppBar(
title: Text('Title'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text('Home'),
),
);
}
}
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3.routes
宣告程式中有哪個通過Navigation.of(context).pushNamed
跳轉的路由
引數以鍵值對的形式傳遞 key:路由名字 value:對應的Widget
使用:
new MaterialApp(
routes: {
'/home':(BuildContext context) => HomePage(),
'/home/one':(BuildContext context) => OnePage(),
//....
},
);
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4.initialRoute
初始路由,當使用者進入程式時,自動開啟對應的路由。
使用:
new MaterialApp(
routes: {
'/home':(BuildContext context) => HomePage(),
'/home/one':(BuildContext context) => OnePage(),
//....
},
initialRoute: '/home/one',
);
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5.onGenerateRoute
當通過Navigation.of(context).pushNamed
跳轉路由時, 在routes
查詢不到時,會呼叫該方法
使用:
new MaterialApp(
routes: {
'/home':(BuildContext context) => HomePage(),
'/home/one':(BuildContext context) => OnePage(),
//....
},
onGenerateRoute: (setting){
//setting.isInitialRoute; bool型別 是否初始路由
//setting.name; 要跳轉的路由名key
return new PageRouteBuilder(
pageBuilder: (BuildContext context, _, __) {
//這裡為返回的Widget
return HomePage();
},
opaque: false,
//跳轉動畫
transitionDuration: new Duration(milliseconds: 200),
transitionsBuilder:
(___, Animation<double> animation, ____, Widget child) {
return new FadeTransition(
opacity: animation,
child: new ScaleTransition(
scale: new Tween<double>(begin: 0.5, end: 1.0)
.animate(animation),
child: child,
),
);
});
}
);
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6.onUnknownRoute
效果跟onGenerateRoute
一樣 呼叫順序為onGenerateRoute
--> onUnknownRoute
7.navigatorObservers
路由觀察器,當呼叫Navigator的相關方法時,會回撥相關的操作
使用:
new MaterialApp(
navigatorObservers: [
MyObserver(),
],
);
//繼承NavigatorObserver
class MyObserver extends NavigatorObserver{
@override
void didPush(Route route, Route previousRoute) {
// 當呼叫Navigator.push時回撥
super.didPush(route, previousRoute);
//可通過route.settings獲取路由相關內容
//route.currentResult獲取返回內容
//....等等
print(route.settings.name);
}
}
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8.builder
當構建一個Widget
前呼叫 一般做字型大小,方向,主題顏色等配置
使用:
new MaterialApp(
builder: (BuildContext context, Widget child) {
return MediaQuery(
data: MediaQuery.of(context).copyWith(
//字型大小
textScaleFactor: 1.4,
),
child: child,
);
},
);
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9.title
該標題出現在 :
- Android:工作管理員的程式快照之上
- IOS: 程式切換管理器中
使用:
new MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter應用',
);
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10.onGenerateTitle
跟上面的tiitle
一樣,但含有一個context
引數 用於做本地化
使用:
new MaterialApp(
onGenerateTitle: (context){
return 'Flutter應用';
},
);
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11.color
該顏色為Android中程式切換中應用圖示背景的顏色
使用:
new MaterialApp(
color: Colors.blue,
)
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12.theme
應用程式的主題,各種的定製顏色都可以設定,用於程式主題切換
使用:
new MaterialApp(
theme: new ThemeData(
//主題色
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
);
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13.locale
當前區域,如果為null
則使用系統區域 一般用於語言切換
使用:
//傳入兩個引數,語言程式碼,國家程式碼
new MaterialApp(
Locale('yy','zh'),
);
//原始碼糾正,一些曾經用過的程式碼(註釋後面的日期為不再使用的日期),原始碼會自動糾正
//來看一下原始碼
//languageCode 第一個引數
switch (languageCode) {
case 'in': return 'id'; // Indonesian; deprecated 1989-01-01
case 'iw': return 'he'; // Hebrew; deprecated 1989-01-01
case 'ji': return 'yi'; // Yiddish; deprecated 1989-01-01
case 'jw': return 'jv'; // Javanese; deprecated 2001-08-13
case 'mo': return 'ro'; // Moldavian, Moldovan; deprecated 2008-11-22
case 'aam': return 'aas'; // Aramanik; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'adp': return 'dz'; // Adap; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'aue': return 'ktz'; // =/Kx'au//'ein; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'ayx': return 'nun'; // Ayi (China); deprecated 2011-08-16
case 'bgm': return 'bcg'; // Baga Mboteni; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'bjd': return 'drl'; // Bandjigali; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'ccq': return 'rki'; // Chaungtha; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'cjr': return 'mom'; // Chorotega; deprecated 2010-03-11
case 'cka': return 'cmr'; // Khumi Awa Chin; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'cmk': return 'xch'; // Chimakum; deprecated 2010-03-11
case 'coy': return 'pij'; // Coyaima; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'cqu': return 'quh'; // Chilean Quechua; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'drh': return 'khk'; // Darkhat; deprecated 2010-03-11
case 'drw': return 'prs'; // Darwazi; deprecated 2010-03-11
case 'gav': return 'dev'; // Gabutamon; deprecated 2010-03-11
case 'gfx': return 'vaj'; // Mangetti Dune !Xung; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'ggn': return 'gvr'; // Eastern Gurung; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'gti': return 'nyc'; // Gbati-ri; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'guv': return 'duz'; // Gey; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'hrr': return 'jal'; // Horuru; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'ibi': return 'opa'; // Ibilo; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'ilw': return 'gal'; // Talur; deprecated 2013-09-10
case 'jeg': return 'oyb'; // Jeng; deprecated 2017-02-23
case 'kgc': return 'tdf'; // Kasseng; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'kgh': return 'kml'; // Upper Tanudan Kalinga; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'koj': return 'kwv'; // Sara Dunjo; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'krm': return 'bmf'; // Krim; deprecated 2017-02-23
case 'ktr': return 'dtp'; // Kota Marudu Tinagas; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'kvs': return 'gdj'; // Kunggara; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'kwq': return 'yam'; // Kwak; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'kxe': return 'tvd'; // Kakihum; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'kzj': return 'dtp'; // Coastal Kadazan; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'kzt': return 'dtp'; // Tambunan Dusun; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'lii': return 'raq'; // Lingkhim; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'lmm': return 'rmx'; // Lamam; deprecated 2014-02-28
case 'meg': return 'cir'; // Mea; deprecated 2013-09-10
case 'mst': return 'mry'; // Cataelano Mandaya; deprecated 2010-03-11
case 'mwj': return 'vaj'; // Maligo; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'myt': return 'mry'; // Sangab Mandaya; deprecated 2010-03-11
case 'nad': return 'xny'; // Nijadali; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'nnx': return 'ngv'; // Ngong; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'nts': return 'pij'; // Natagaimas; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'oun': return 'vaj'; // !O!ung; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'pcr': return 'adx'; // Panang; deprecated 2013-09-10
case 'pmc': return 'huw'; // Palumata; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'pmu': return 'phr'; // Mirpur Panjabi; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'ppa': return 'bfy'; // Pao; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'ppr': return 'lcq'; // Piru; deprecated 2013-09-10
case 'pry': return 'prt'; // Pray 3; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'puz': return 'pub'; // Purum Naga; deprecated 2014-02-28
case 'sca': return 'hle'; // Sansu; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'skk': return 'oyb'; // Sok; deprecated 2017-02-23
case 'tdu': return 'dtp'; // Tempasuk Dusun; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'thc': return 'tpo'; // Tai Hang Tong; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'thx': return 'oyb'; // The; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'tie': return 'ras'; // Tingal; deprecated 2011-08-16
case 'tkk': return 'twm'; // Takpa; deprecated 2011-08-16
case 'tlw': return 'weo'; // South Wemale; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'tmp': return 'tyj'; // Tai Mène; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'tne': return 'kak'; // Tinoc Kallahan; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'tnf': return 'prs'; // Tangshewi; deprecated 2010-03-11
case 'tsf': return 'taj'; // Southwestern Tamang; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'uok': return 'ema'; // Uokha; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'xba': return 'cax'; // Kamba (Brazil); deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'xia': return 'acn'; // Xiandao; deprecated 2013-09-10
case 'xkh': return 'waw'; // Karahawyana; deprecated 2016-05-30
case 'xsj': return 'suj'; // Subi; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'ybd': return 'rki'; // Yangbye; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'yma': return 'lrr'; // Yamphe; deprecated 2012-08-12
case 'ymt': return 'mtm'; // Mator-Taygi-Karagas; deprecated 2015-02-12
case 'yos': return 'zom'; // Yos; deprecated 2013-09-10
case 'yuu': return 'yug'; // Yugh; deprecated 2014-02-28
default: return languageCode;
}
//_countryCode 第二個引數
switch (_countryCode) {
case 'BU': return 'MM'; // Burma; deprecated 1989-12-05
case 'DD': return 'DE'; // German Democratic Republic; deprecated 1990-10-30
case 'FX': return 'FR'; // Metropolitan France; deprecated 1997-07-14
case 'TP': return 'TL'; // East Timor; deprecated 2002-05-20
case 'YD': return 'YE'; // Democratic Yemen; deprecated 1990-08-14
case 'ZR': return 'CD'; // Zaire; deprecated 1997-07-14
default: return regionCode;
}
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14.localizationsDelegates
本地化委託,用於更改Flutter Widget
預設的提示語,按鈕text
等
使用:
new MaterialApp(
localizationsDelegates: [
MyLocalizationsDelegates(),
],
locale: Locale('zh','cn'),
);
class MyLocalizationsDelegates extends LocalizationsDelegate
<MaterialLocalizations>{
@override
bool isSupported(Locale locale) {
//是否支援該locale,如果不支援會報異常
if(locale == const Locale('zh','cn')){
return true;
}
return false;
}
@override//是否需要過載
bool shouldReload(LocalizationsDelegate old) => false;
@override
Future<MaterialLocalizations> load(Locale locale) {
//載入本地化
return new SynchronousFuture(new MyLocalizations(locale));
}
}
//本地化實現,繼承DefaultMaterialLocalizations
class MyLocalizations extends DefaultMaterialLocalizations{
final Locale locale;
MyLocalizations(this.locale, );
@override
String get okButtonLabel {
if(locale == const Locale('zh','cn')){
return '好的';
}else{
return super.okButtonLabel;
}
}
@override
String get backButtonTooltip {
if(locale == const Locale('zh','cn')){
return '返回';
}else{
return super.okButtonLabel;
}
}
}
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15.localeResolutionCallback
當傳入的是不支援的語種,可以根據這個回撥,返回相近,並且支援的語種
使用:
new MaterialApp(
localeResolutionCallback: (local,support){
if(support.contains(support)){
print('support');
return local;
}
print('no_support');
return const Locale('us','uk');
},
locale: Locale('zh-Hans','zh-Hant'),
);
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16.supportedLocales
傳入支援的語種陣列
new MaterialApp(
supportedLocales: [
const Locale('uok'),
const Locale('meg'),
],
);
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17.debugShowMaterialGrid
debug模式下是否顯示材質網格,傳入bool
型別,一般不適用
18.showPerformanceOverlay
當為true
時應用程式頂部覆蓋一層GPU
和UI
曲線圖,可即時檢視當前流暢度情況
19.checkerboardRasterCacheImages
當為true
時,開啟光柵快取影象的棋盤格
20.checkerboardOffscreenLayers
當為true
時,開啟呈現到螢幕點陣圖的層的棋盤格
21.showSemanticsDebugger
當為true
時,開啟Widget
邊框,類似Android開發者模式中顯示佈局邊界
22.debugShowCheckedModeBanner
當為true
時,在debug
模式下顯示右上角的debug
字樣的橫幅,false
即為不顯示