1. 安裝 MongoDB
三臺機器
關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld.service
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192.168.252.121 | 192.168.252.122 | 192.168.252.123 |
---|---|---|
mongos | mongos | mongos |
config server | config server | config server |
shard server1 主節點 | shard server1 副節點 | shard server1 仲裁 |
shard server2 仲裁 | shard server2 主節點 | shard server2 副節點 |
shard server3 副節點 | shard server3 仲裁 | shard server3 主節點 |
埠分配:
mongos:20000
config:21000
shard1:27001
shard2:27002
shard3:27003
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下載並且安裝
wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2.tgz
tar -xzvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2.tgz -C /usr/local/
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所有版本二進位制檔案,自行下載
https://www.mongodb.org/dl/win32/x86_64-2008plus-ssl?_ga=2.87139544.1567998244.1517190032-1153843332.1517190032&_gac=1.204211492.1517212002.EAIaIQobChMI44v9_9b82AIV1AcqCh0lcABIEAAYASAAEgKI1_D_BwE
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改名
cd /usr/local/
mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2 mongodb
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分別在每臺機器建立conf、mongos、config、shard1、shard2、shard3六個目錄,因為mongos不儲存資料,只需要建立日誌檔案目錄即可。
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/conf \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/config/data \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/config/log \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/data \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/data \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log
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配置環境變數
vi /etc/profile
# MongoDB 環境變數內容
export MONGODB_HOME=/usr/local/mongodb
export PATH=$MONGODB_HOME/bin:$PATH
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使立即生效
source /etc/profile
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2. config server配置伺服器
mongodb3.4以後要求配置伺服器也建立副本集,不然叢集搭建不成功。
(三臺機器)新增配置檔案
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf
## 配置檔案內容
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/log/configsrv.pid
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/data
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/log/congigsrv.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 21000
fork = true
#declare this is a config db of a cluster;
configsvr = true
#副本集名稱
replSet = configs
#設定最大連線數
maxConns = 20000
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啟動三臺伺服器的config server
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf
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登入任意一臺配置伺服器,初始化配置副本集
連線 MongoDB
mongo --port 21000
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config 變數
config = {
_id : "configs",
members : [
{_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:21000" },
{_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:21000" },
{_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:21000" }
]
}
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初始化副本集
rs.initiate(config)
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其中,"_id" : "configs"應與配置檔案中配置的 replicaction.replSetName 一致,"members" 中的 "host" 為三個節點的 ip 和 port
響應內容如下
> config = {
... _id : "configs",
... members : [
... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:21000" },
... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:21000" },
... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:21000" }
... ]
... }
{
"_id" : "configs",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.252.121:21000"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.252.122:21000"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.252.123:21000"
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config);
{
"ok" : 1,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1),
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1),
"electionId" : ObjectId("000000000000000000000000")
},
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}
}
configs:SECONDARY>
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此時會發現終端上的輸出已經有了變化。
//從單個一個
>
//變成了
configs:SECONDARY>
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查詢狀態
configs:SECONDARY> rs.status()
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3. 配置分片副本集
3.1 設定第一個分片副本集
(三臺機器)設定第一個分片副本集
配置檔案
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf
#配置檔案內容
#——————————————–
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.pid
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 27001
fork = true
#副本集名稱
replSet = shard1
#declare this is a shard db of a cluster;
shardsvr = true
#設定最大連線數
maxConns = 20000
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啟動三臺伺服器的shard1 server
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf
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登陸任意一臺伺服器,初始化副本集(除了192.168.252.123)
連線 MongoDB
mongo --port 27001
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使用admin資料庫
use admin
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定義副本集配置
config = {
_id : "shard1",
members : [
{_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27001" },
{_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27001" },
{_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27001" , arbiterOnly: true }
]
}
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初始化副本集配置
rs.initiate(config)
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響應內容如下
> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
... _id : "shard1",
... members : [
... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27001" },
... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27001" },
... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27001" , arbiterOnly: true }
... ]
... }
{
"_id" : "shard1",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.252.121:27001"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.252.122:27001"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.252.123:27001",
"arbiterOnly" : true
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config)
{ "ok" : 1 }
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此時會發現終端上的輸出已經有了變化。
//從單個一個
>
//變成了
shard1:SECONDARY>
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查詢狀態
shard1:SECONDARY> rs.status()
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3.2 設定第二個分片副本集
設定第二個分片副本集
配置檔案
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf
#配置檔案內容
#——————————————–
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.pid
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/data
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 27002
fork = true
#副本集名稱
replSet=shard2
#declare this is a shard db of a cluster;
shardsvr = true
#設定最大連線數
maxConns=20000
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啟動三臺伺服器的shard2 server
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf
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連線 MongoDB
mongo --port 27002
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使用admin資料庫
use admin
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定義副本集配置
config = {
_id : "shard2",
members : [
{_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27002" , arbiterOnly: true },
{_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27002" },
{_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27002" }
]
}
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初始化副本集配置
rs.initiate(config)
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響應內容如下
> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
... _id : "shard2",
... members : [
... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27002" , arbiterOnly: true },
... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27002" },
... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27002" }
... ]
... }
{
"_id" : "shard2",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.252.121:27002",
"arbiterOnly" : true
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.252.122:27002"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.252.123:27002"
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config)
{ "ok" : 1 }
shard2:SECONDARY> rs.status()
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3.3 設定第三個分片副本集
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf
#配置檔案內容
#——————————————–
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.pid
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/data
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 27003
fork = true
#副本集名稱
replSet=shard3
#declare this is a shard db of a cluster;
shardsvr = true
#設定最大連線數
maxConns=20000
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啟動三臺伺服器的shard3 server
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf
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登陸任意一臺伺服器,初始化副本集(除了192.168.252.121)
mongo --port 27003
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使用admin資料庫
use admin
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定義副本集配置
config = {
_id : "shard3",
members : [
{_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27003" },
{_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27003" , arbiterOnly: true},
{_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27003" }
]
}
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初始化副本集配置
rs.initiate(config)
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響應內容如下
> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
... _id : "shard3",
... members : [
... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27003" },
... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27003" , arbiterOnly: true},
... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27003" }
... ]
... }
{
"_id" : "shard3",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.252.121:27003"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.252.122:27003",
"arbiterOnly" : true
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.252.123:27003"
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config)
{ "ok" : 1 }
shard3:SECONDARY> rs.status()
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3.4 配置路由伺服器 mongos
(三臺機器)先啟動配置伺服器和分片伺服器,後啟動路由例項啟動路由例項:
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf
#內容
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.pid
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 20000
fork = true
#監聽的配置伺服器,只能有1個或者3個 configs為配置伺服器的副本集名字
configdb = configs/192.168.252.121:21000,192.168.252.122:21000,192.168.252.123:21000
#設定最大連線數
maxConns = 20000
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啟動三臺伺服器的mongos server
mongos -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf
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4. 串聯路由伺服器
目前搭建了mongodb配置伺服器、路由伺服器,各個分片伺服器,不過應用程式連線到mongos路由伺服器並不能使用分片機制,還需要在程式裡設定分片配置,讓分片生效。
登陸任意一臺mongos
mongo --port 20000
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使用admin資料庫
use admin
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串聯路由伺服器與分配副本集
sh.addShard("shard1/192.168.252.121:27001,192.168.252.122:27001,192.168.252.123:27001");
sh.addShard("shard2/192.168.252.121:27002,192.168.252.122:27002,192.168.252.123:27002");
sh.addShard("shard3/192.168.252.121:27003,192.168.252.122:27003,192.168.252.123:27003");
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檢視叢集狀態
sh.status()
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響應內容如下
mongos> sh.status()
--- Sharding Status ---
sharding version: {
"_id" : 1,
"minCompatibleVersion" : 5,
"currentVersion" : 6,
"clusterId" : ObjectId("5a713a37d56e076f3eb47acf")
}
shards:
{ "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.252.121:27001,192.168.252.122:27001", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.252.122:27002,192.168.252.123:27002", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.252.121:27003,192.168.252.123:27003", "state" : 1 }
active mongoses:
"3.6.2" : 3
autosplit:
Currently enabled: yes
balancer:
Currently enabled: yes
Currently running: no
Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 0
Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
No recent migrations
databases:
{ "_id" : "config", "primary" : "config", "partitioned" : true }
mongos>
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5. 啟用集合分片生效
目前配置服務、路由服務、分片服務、副本集服務都已經串聯起來了,但我們的目的是希望插入資料,資料能夠自動分片。連線在mongos上,準備讓指定的資料庫、指定的集合分片生效。
登陸任意一臺mongos
mongo --port 20000
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使用admin資料庫
use admin
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指定testdb分片生效
db.runCommand( { enablesharding :"testdb"});
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指定資料庫裡需要分片的集合和片鍵,雜湊id 分片
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "testdb.table1",key : {"id": "hashed"} } );
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我們設定testdb的 table1 表需要分片,根據 id 自動分片到 shard1 ,shard2,shard3 上面去。要這樣設定是因為不是所有mongodb 的資料庫和表 都需要分片!
測試分片配置結果
連線 MongoDB 路由服務
mongo 127.0.0.1:20000
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切換到 testdb 資料庫
use testdb;
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插入測試資料
for(i=1;i<=100000;i++){db.table1.insert({"id":i,"name":"penglei"})};
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總條數
db.table1.aggregate([{$group : {_id : "$name", totle : {$sum : 1}}}])
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檢視分片情況如下
- shard1: "count": 33755
- shard2: "count": 33143,
- shard3: "count": 33102
結論資料基本均勻
db.table1.stats();
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mongos> db.table1.stats();
{
"sharded": true,
"capped": false,
"ns": "testdb.table1",
"count": 100000,
"size": 5200000,
"storageSize": 1519616,
"totalIndexSize": 3530752,
"indexSizes": {
"_id_": 892928,
"id_hashed": 2637824
},
"avgObjSize": 52,
"nindexes": 2,
"nchunks": 6,
"shards": {
"shard1": {
"ns": "testdb.table1",
"size": 1755260,
"count": 33755,
"avgObjSize": 52,
"storageSize": 532480,
"capped": false,
"wiredTiger": {
...省略很多
}
},
"shard2": {
"ns": "testdb.table1",
"size": 1723436,
"count": 33143,
"avgObjSize": 52,
"storageSize": 479232,
"capped": false,
"wiredTiger": {
...省略很多
}
},
"shard3": {
"ns": "testdb.table1",
"size": 1721304,
"count": 33102,
"avgObjSize": 52,
"storageSize": 507904,
"capped": false,
"wiredTiger": {
...省略很多
}
}
},
"ok": 1,
"$clusterTime": {
"clusterTime": Timestamp(1517488062, 350),
"signature": {
"hash": BinData(0, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId": NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime": Timestamp(1517488062, 350)
}
mongos>
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分組檢視總數量是:100000
mongos> db.table1.aggregate([{$group : {_id : "$name", totle : {$sum : 1}}}])
{ "_id" : "penglei", "totle" : 100000 }
mongos>
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後期運維
參考
手把手教你 MongoDB 的安裝與詳細使用(一)
手把手教你 MongoDB 的安裝與詳細使用(二)
建立索引
db.table1.createIndex({"name":1})
db.table1.getIndexes()
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啟動
mongodb的啟動順序是,先啟動配置伺服器,在啟動分片,最後啟動mongos.
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf
mongos -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf
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啟動報錯
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 1303
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@node1 ~]# mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 1384
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刪除 mongod.lock
cd /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data
rm -rf mongod.lock
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關閉防火牆(不關防火牆也會遇到這樣的問題)
systemctl stop firewalld.service
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關閉
#debian、ubuntu系統下:
apt-get install psmisc
#centos或、rhel系統下:
yum install psmisc
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關閉時,直接killall殺掉所有程式
killall mongod
killall mongos
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參考:
mongodb 3.4 叢集搭建:分片+副本集 www.ityouknow.com/mongodb/201…
Runoob 教程:http://www.runoob.com/mongodb/mongodb-tutorial.html
Tutorials 教程:Pointhttps://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/mongodb_advantages.htm
MongoDB 官網地址:https://www.mongodb.com
MongoDB 官方英文文件:https://docs.mongodb.com/manual
MongoDB 各平臺下載地址:https://www.mongodb.com/download-center#community
MongoDB 安裝 https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-enterprise-on-ubuntu
Contact
- 作者:鵬磊
- 出處:www.ymq.io/2018/01/29/…
- Email:admin@souyunku.com
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