rman命令備忘錄

list命令 

可以用於檢視對應檔案的資訊，backup,copy,archivelog等

list incarnation
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list incarnation;
list incarnation of database;
list incarnation of database 'ORA9I';

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list backup
=========================== 
list backup;
list backup of database;
list backup of tablespace 'SYSTEM','USERS';
list backup of datafile 1,3,7;
list backup of datafile 'e:oracleoradataora9isystem01.dbf','e:oracleoradataora9iusers01.dbf';
list backup of controlfile;
list backup of spfile;
list backup of archivelog all;
list backup of archivelog like '%.log';
list backup of archivelog like '%.log';
list backup of archivelog from time 'sysdate-14';
list backup of archivelog until time 'sysdate-7';
list backup of archivelog from time 'sysdate-14' until time 'sysdate-7';
list backup of archivelog from scn 10000;
list backup of archivelog until scn 11000;
list backup of archivelog from scn 10000 until scn 11000;
list backup of archivelog from logseq 135;
list backup of archivelog until logseq 139;
list backup of archivelog from logseq 135 until logseq 139;
list backup completed after 'sysdate -14';
list backup completed before 'sysdate -7';
list backup completed between 'sysdate -14' and 'sysdate-7';
list backup of archivelog time between "to_date('2009-06-24 08:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')" and "to_date('2009-06-24 13:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')";
list backup tag=WHOLE_COLDBACK;
list backup recoverable;
list backup device type disk;
list backup completed after 'sysdate-14' tag=WHOLE_COLDBACK device type disk recoverable; 
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list copy example
=========================== 
list copy;
list copy of database;
list copy of tablespace 'SYSTEM','USERS';
list copy of datafile 1,3,7;
list copy of datafile 'e:oracleoradataora9isystem01.dbf','e:oracleoradataora9iusers01.dbf';
list copy of controlfile;
list copy of spfile;
list copy of archivelog all;
list copy of archivelog like '%.log';
list copy of archivelog from time 'sysdate-14';
list copy of archivelog from time "to_date('07-11-2004','mm-dd-yyyy')";
list copy of archivelog until time 'sysdate-7';
list copy of archivelog from time 'sysdate-14' until time 'sysdate-7';
list copy of archivelog from scn 10000;
list copy of archivelog until scn 11000;
list copy of archivelog from scn 10000 until scn 11000;
list copy of archivelog from logseq 135;
list copy of archivelog until logseq 139;
list copy of archivelog from logseq 135 until logseq 139;
list copy completed after 'sysdate -14';
list copy completed before 'sysdate -7';
list copy completed between 'sysdate -14' and 'sysdate-7';
list copy tag=WHOLE_COLDBACK;
list copy recoverable;
list copy device type disk;
list copy completed after 'sysdate-14' tag=WHOLE_COLDBACK device type disk recoverable;

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list backup summary
===========================
list backup summary;   
list backup of database summary;
list backup of tablespace users summary;
list backup of datafile 9 summary;
list backup of archivelog all summary;
list backup of controlfile summary;
list backup of spfile summary;

B表示backup

F表示FULL
A表示archive log
0 1表示incremental backup
S說明備份狀態（A　AVAILABLE　　　X EXPIRED )

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list others
===========================
list expired backup;
list expired backup of archivelog all summary;
list backup by file;

list archivelog all;

list backupset;

report命令

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report schema                                   報告目標資料庫的物理結構;
report need backup days=3;                     報告最近3天沒有被備份的資料檔案；
report need backup incremental 3;              報告恢復資料檔案需要的增量備份個數超過3次的資料檔案;
report need backup redundancy 2 database;      報告備份檔案低於2份的所有資料檔案;
report unrecoverable;                          報告資料庫所有不可恢復的資料檔案，即沒有這個資料檔案的備份、或者該資料檔案的備份已經過期;
report obsolete redundancy 2;                 報告備份次數超過2次的陳舊備份;
report obsolete;                               報告多餘的備份；
report need backup days 3 tablespace users;    在USERS表空間上3天未備份的資料檔案;
report need backup recovery window of 6 days; 報告檔案報表的恢復需要超過6天的歸檔日誌的資料檔案;

crosscheck命令 
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crosscheck backup             
crosscheck backup of database      
crosscheck backup of tablespace users
crosscheck backup of datafile 4    
crosscheck backup of controlfile   
crosscheck backup of spfile    
crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3 
crosscheck copy               
crosscheck copy of database       
crosscheck copy of tablespace users        
crosscheck copy of datafile 6      
crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 4  
crosscheck copy of controlfile      
crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
crosscheck backup device type sBT;
crosscheck archivelog all;
crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;

delete 命令 
delete obsolete;                  刪除陳舊備份； 
delete expired backup;          刪除EXPIRED備份    
delete expired copy;             刪除EXPIRED副本 
delete backupset 19;            刪除特定備份集 
delete backuppiece ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak''   刪除特定備份片 
delete backup      刪除所有備份集 
delete datafilecopy ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak''  刪除特定映像副本 
delete copy   刪除所有映像副本 
delete backupset 22 format = ''d:\backup\%u.bak'' delete input 在備份後刪除輸入物件 
delete backupset id;
delete archivelog all input;

backup命令 
backup database tag='full_bak1';          設定備份標記。 注：每個標記必須唯一，相同的標記可以用於多個備份只還原最新的備份。
backup database maxsetsize=100m tag='datafile1';             設定備份集大小。一次備份的所有結果為一個備份集，要注意備份集大小。 注：maxsetsize限定備份集的大小。所以必須大於資料庫總資料檔案的大小，否則會報錯。
RMAN-06183: datafile or datafile copy larger than MAXSETSIZE: file# 1 /data/oradata/system01.dbf
run {
    allocate channel c1 type disk maxpicecsize 100m format '/data/backup/full_0_%U_%T';
    backup database tag='full_0';
    release channel c1;
    }              設定備份片大小(磁帶或檔案系統限制), 可以在allocate子句中設定每個備份片的大小，以達到磁帶或系統限制。也可以在configure中設定備份片大小。
backup database keep forever;                永久保留備份檔案
backup database keep until time='sysdate＋30';          儲存備份30天
backup databas noexclude keep forever tag='test backup';           重寫configure exclude命令 
backup validate database;         使用RMAN來掃描資料庫的物理/邏輯錯誤，並不執行實際備份。
backup database skip readonly;            
backup database skip offline;
backup database skip inaccessible;
backup database ship readonly skip offline ship inaccessible;         跳過離線，不可存取或只讀檔案   
backup database force;                   強制備份 
backup database not backed up;             只備沒有備份的資料檔案 
backup database not backed up since time='sysdate-2';          備份"在限定時間週期內"沒有被備份的資料檔案 
backup check logical database;
backup validate check logical database;            備份操作期間檢查邏輯錯誤 
backup database copies=2;             生成備份副本 
backup database device type disk includ current controlfile;         備份控制檔案
BACKUP DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/%U', '?/dbs/%U', '?/oradata/%U';            指定備份檔案映象的不同格式，映象數量由DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO決定
BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK COPIES 3 DATAFILE 7 FORMAT '/disk1/%U','?/oradata/%U','?/%U';      指定備份檔案映象的不同格式和映象個數

configure命令 
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
configure retention policy to redundancy 5;
configure retention policy clear;
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE;
configure backup optimization on;
configure backup optimization off;
configure backup optimization clear;               預設值為關閉，如果開啟，rman將對備份的資料檔案及歸檔等檔案進行一種最佳化的演算法。
configure default device type to disk;
configure default device type to stb;
configure default device type clear;             是指定所有I/O操作的裝置型別是硬碟或者磁帶，預設值是硬碟
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F';
configure controlfile autobackup clear;
configrue controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;
configrue snapshot controlfile name to '/cfs01/backup/snapcf/scontrofile.snp';                    是配置控制檔案的快照檔案的存放路徑和檔名，這個快照檔案是在備份期間產生的，用於控制檔案的讀一致性。
configrue snapshot controlfile name clear;           強制資料庫在備份檔案或者執行改變資料庫結構的命令之後將控制檔案自動備份，預設值為關閉。這樣可以避免控制檔案和catalog丟失後，控制檔案仍然可以恢復。
configure device type disk|stb parallelism 2;
configure device type disk|stb clear; 
configure channel device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
configure channel device type disk rate 1200K
configure channel 1 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 2 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
configure datafile backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;          是設定資料庫的歸檔日誌的存放裝置型別
configure exclude for tablespace 'users';
configrue exclude clear; 
configure maxsetsize to 1G|1000M|1000000K|unlimited;
configure maxsetsize clear; 
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_1.f'; 
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 CLEAR; 

 

Rman的format格式中的%
%c 備份片的複製數 
%d 資料庫名稱 
%D 位於該月中的第幾天 (DD) 
%M 位於該年中的第幾月 (MM) 
%F 一個基於DBID唯一的名稱,這個格式的形式為c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII為該資料庫的DBID，YYYYMMDD為
日期，QQ是一個1-256的序列 
%n 資料庫名稱，向右填補到最大八個字元 
%u 一個八個字元的名稱代表備份集與建立時間 
%p 該備份集中的備份片號，從1開始到建立的檔案數
%U 一個唯一的檔名，代表%u_%p_%c 
%s 備份集的號 
%t 備份集時間戳 
%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)