springmvc簡介和快速搭建

bing發表於2019-01-19

springmvc簡介

springmvc和眾多其他web框架一樣，它基於MVC的設計理念，此外，它採用可鬆散耦合可插拔元件結構，比其他MVC框架更具擴充套件性和靈活性。

springmvc通過一套MVC註解，讓POJO成為處理請求的控制器，無需實現任何介面，同時，springmvc還支援REST風格的URL請求。

springmvc框架圍繞DispatcherServlet核心展開，DispatcherServlet是springMVC框架的總導演，總策劃，它負責截獲請求並將其分派給相應的處理器處理。
springmvc屬於spring體系中servlet一部分。

springmvc的執行流程

1、使用者發起請求到控制器 DispatcherServlet(前端控制器)
2、前端控制器去handlerMapper查詢Handler物件
3、HandlerMapper返回HandlerExecutorChain 執行鏈（包含兩部分內容：Handler ,攔截器集合）
4、前端控制器，通過HandlerAdapter 介面卡執行 Handler物件
5、Handler處理具體的業務邏輯
6、Handler處理完業務邏輯之後，返回ModelAndView 其中的View是檢視名稱
7、將ModelAndView返回前端控制器
8、前端控制器，通過ModelAndView 中的檢視名稱。在檢視解析器中查詢檢視
9、返回真正的View 檢視物件
10、渲染檢視
11、返回使用者響應

快速搭建springmvc

利用maven搭建springmvc

1 . 父工程的pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>ouhei</groupId>
    <artifactId>ouhei-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <!-- 集中定義依賴版本號 -->
    <properties>
        <junit.version>4.10</junit.version>
        <spring.version>4.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>
        <mybatis.spring.version>1.2.2</mybatis.spring.version>
        <mybatis.paginator.version>1.2.15</mybatis.paginator.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.32</mysql.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.4</slf4j.version>
        <jackson.version>2.4.2</jackson.version>
        <druid.version>1.0.9</druid.version>
        <httpclient.version>4.3.5</httpclient.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <servlet-api.version>2.5</servlet-api.version>
        <jsp-api.version>2.0</jsp-api.version>
        <joda-time.version>2.5</joda-time.version>
        <commons-lang3.version>3.3.2</commons-lang3.version>
        <commons-io.version>1.3.2</commons-io.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 單元測試 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!-- Spring -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- Mybatis -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 分頁助手 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
                <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
                <version>3.7.5</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.github.jsqlparser</groupId>
                <artifactId>jsqlparser</artifactId>
                <version>0.9.1</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 通用Mapper -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.github.abel533</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.4</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- MySql -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- Jackson Json處理工具包 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
                <version>${jackson.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- 連線池 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.jolbox</groupId>
                <artifactId>bonecp-spring</artifactId>
                <version>0.8.0.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- httpclient -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
                <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
                <version>${httpclient.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- JSP相關 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jstl</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>${jstl.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
                <version>${jsp-api.version}</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!-- 時間操作元件 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
                <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
                <version>${joda-time.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- Apache工具元件 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                <version>${commons-io.version}</version>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 資原始檔拷貝外掛 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.7</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- java編譯外掛 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <!-- 配置Tomcat外掛 -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                    <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

2 . 建立一個maven工程，匯入依賴,pom.xml如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>ouhei</groupId>
        <artifactId>ouhei-parent</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>ouhei</groupId>
    <artifactId>springMVC</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- mvc的依賴 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 日誌 依賴 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Jackson Json處理工具包 springmvc 處理json資料的 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jsp相關 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 資原始檔拷貝外掛 -->
            <!-- 配置Tomcat外掛 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <port>8080</port>
                    <path>/</path>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3 . 配置web.xml中的DispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

    <!-- 註冊springmvc核心控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        
        <!-- 通知DispatcherServlet去指定的目錄下載入springmvc.xml配置檔案 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--tomcat啟動時，載入servlet  -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 註冊spring提供的針對POST請求的中文亂碼問題 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>        
</web-app>

4 . 新增springmvc-servlet.xml

在預設情況下：springmvc框架的配置檔案必須叫<servlet-name>-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 控制器(程式設計師) -->
    <bean name="/hello.action"
        class="cn.ouhei.mvc.controller.HelloAction"></bean>


    <!-- 對映器(框架) -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>


    <!-- 介面卡(框架) -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>


    <!-- 檢視解析器(框架) -->
    <!-- Example: prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/", suffix=".jsp", viewname="test" -> 
        "/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp" -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

</beans>

5 . Action實現Controller介面

package cn.ouhei.mvc.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloAction implements Controller {

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest requqest,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("message","這是我的第一個springmvc應用程式");
        modelAndView.setViewName("success");
        return modelAndView;
    }

}

6 . 建立一個success.jsp

7 . 配置tomcat

8 . 在瀏覽器輸入 http://localhost:8080/hello.action

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