Nagios的安裝步驟
一.nagios在伺服器端（監控端）的安裝。伺服器IP地址：192.168.0.13
1.在安裝之前首先檢測系統是否安裝以下包：httpd php gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel
#rpm -qa | grep httpd
#rpm -qa | grep php
....
#rpm -qa | grep gd
2.建立使用者
#useradd nagios
#groupadd nagcmd
#/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
#/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd apache
3.安裝nagios包（此處用3.2.0版本）
#tar zxvf nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz
#cd nagios-3.2.0
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-command-group=nagcmd
#make
#make install
#make install-init
#make install-config
#make install-commandmode
#make install-webconf
4.建立管理使用者並啟動apache
#htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin
passwd:******
此處所建立使用者為nagiosadmin,如果為其他使用者剛後面要修改檔案：/usr/local/nagios/etc/cgi.cfg,後面再講。
#service httpd restart
5.安裝nagios-plugins(此處用1.4.13版本)
#tar zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.13.tar.gz
#cd nagios-plugins-1.4.13
#./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --prefix=/usr/local/nagios
#make
#make install
6.註冊服務，設定開機啟動
#chkconfig --add nagios
#chkconfig nagios on
7.此時完成初步安裝，可以監控檢視本機的一些服務，檢測配置檔案並啟動nagios
#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
Checking for circular paths between hosts...
Checking for circular host and service dependencies...
Checking global event handlers...
Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...
Checking misc settings...
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0
出現此處，表明，配置檔案沒有錯誤，可以啟動nagios
#service nagios start
8.登入檢視
http://192.168.0.13/nagios/
輸入建立的使用者名稱nagiosadmin與設定密碼，進去可操作。
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此時只能說完成了最其他的操作，最重要的是配置，我們通過自己的配置可以達到監控自己想要監控的主機服務的目的。我們安裝nagios的目
的肯定不僅僅只為了監控一臺伺服器，而是要監控一個服務系統群組，這裡就要用到一個軟體nrpe,此軟體在監控端和被監控端都要安裝才行
，預設使用埠為5666.
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二.nagios配置
1.在伺服器端安裝nrpe(此處使用2.12版本)
#tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
#cd nrpe-2.12
#./configure (因為之前安裝了nagios-plugins,所以nrpe預設安裝在/usr/local/nagios/下，也就是也nagios-plugins在同一個安裝目
錄下)
#make all
#make install-plugin
#make install-daemon
#make install-daemon-config
# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
此檔案出現，表明安裝成功
# ll /usr/local/nagios/
total 24
drwxrwxr-x 2 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 21 19:09 bin
drwxrwxr-x 3 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 22 13:35 etc
drwxrwxr-x 2 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 21 19:09 libexec
drwxrwxr-x 2 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 21 18:57 sbin
drwxrwxr-x 10 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 21 19:03 share
drwxrwxr-x 5 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 22 14:25 var
注意此時，在nagios目錄下的所有檔案與子目錄所有者與所屬組都為nagios,但是一個除外,/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.usrs為 root
root,以後再新增的檔案也同樣為nagios nagios,這裡如果出現差錯，後面可能會出許可權問題。
2.配置nagios主配置檔案nagios.cfg
# cat nagios.cfg 只寫出改動檔案，下同
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg
新新增下面4句，指向子檔案所在位置
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/hosts.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/hostgroups.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/contactgroups.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/services.cfg
# Definitions for monitoring the local (Linux) host
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg #註釋掉，因為有了hosts.cfg檔案
command_check_interval=10s
#command_check_interval=-1 #原來為-1，改成10s
3.由上一步新新增的4句，建立檔案hosts.cfg hostgroup.cfg contactgroups.cfg services.cfg
4.配置hosts.cfg hostgroup.cfg contactgroups.cfg
# cat hosts.cfg
define host {
host_name nagios-server #與hostgroup.cfg定義的保持一致
alias nagios server
address 192.168.0.13 #被監控主機IP
contact_groups sagroup #監控使用者所在的組名，在contactgroups.cfg定義
check_command check-host-alive #此為一個命令，在objects/commands.cfg中有定義，必須有定義
max_check_attempts 5 #檢測次數，一般為3－5次
notification_interval 10 #檢測時間間隔，單位為分鐘，根據自己情況定
notification_period 24x7 #代表不間斷的檢測，不能為*,只能為x，下同
notification_options d,u,r #此為狀態描述，d-down,u-unreacheable,r-recovery
}
----------------------------------------------------
# cat hostgroup.cfg 定義組與組成員
define hostgroup {
hostgroup_name sa-servers
alias sa servers
members nagios-server #（如果有多使用者，可以以“，”分隔,不能有空格）
}
----------------------------------------------------
# cat contactgroups.cfg
define contactgroup {
contactgroup_name sagroup
alias system administrator group
members nagiosadmin
}
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
5.配置cgi.cfg
# cat cgi.cfg
use_authentication=0 #改成0表示不對使用者進行cgi驗證
authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin #因為當時建立的管理使用者就是nagiosadmin,所以此處不用修改，如果建立使用者為其他
，則要修改，如果建立多個使用者，可以用“，”分隔。
authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin # * 此處即使是其他使用者，也不能改動。*
authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin
6.配置nrpe.cfg
# cat nrpe.cfg | sed -n '/^[^#]/p'
log_facility=daemon
pid_file=/var/run/nrpe.pid
server_port=5666 #埠號，可以改動
nrpe_user=nagios
nrpe_group=nagios
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.0.13 #此處是可以連線管理此主機的伺服器，也就是監控伺服器的IP
dont_blame_nrpe=0
debug=0
command_timeout=60
connection_timeout=300
#下面是定義的命令
command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10 #連線使用者數，超過5個warning，10個Cirtical（嚴重）
command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20 #負載情況，三個數表示，當前，5分鐘內，15分
鍾內
command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z #使用記憶體
command[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200 #總記憶體
command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10% #交換分割槽使用率
command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/sda3 #磁碟分割槽使用率
還可以自己定義，通過寫指令碼來完成，後面再來補充。
7.配置objects/contacts.cfg
# cat objects/contacts.cfg
define contact{
contact_name nagiosadmin
alias system administrator
service_notification_period 24x7
host_notification_period 24x7
service_notification_options w,u,c,r #代表Warning,Unknown,Critical,recovery
host_notification_options d,u,r
service_notification_commands notify-service-by-fetion,notify-service-by-sms #指明報警方式
host_notification_commands notify-host-by-fetion,notify-host-by-sms #同上
email **********@139.com
pager 152******13
}
8.配置 objects/commands.cfg
# cat objects/commands.cfg (一定要定義的列出，其他的不必要變動)
# 'check-host-alive' define command
define command{
command_name check-host-alive
command_line $USER1$/check_ping -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -w 3000.0,80% -c 5000.0,100% -p 5
}
# 'check_nrpe' define command 這個是要自己定義的，很重要，會影響到services.cfg中的配置
define command{
command_name check_nrpe
command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$ # $ARG1$表示check_nrpe後面的命令，如:check_disk
}
# 'notify-host-by-fetion' command definition 飛信報警配置
define command{
command_name notify-host-by-fetion
command_line /usr/local/fetion/fetion --mobile=152******** --pwd=******** --to $CONTACTPAGER$ --msg-utf8="$HOSTNAME$ is$HOSTSTATE$" --debug
}
# 'notify-service-by-email' command definition
define command{
command_name notify-service-by-fetion
command_line /usr/local/fetion/fetion --mobile=152******** --pwd=******** --to $CONTACTPAGER$ --msg-
utf8="$NOTIFICATIONTYPE$: $HOSTALIAS$/$SERVICEDESC$ IS $SERVICESTATE$" --debug
}
# 'notify-host-by-sms' command definition 郵件報警配置
define command {
command_name notify-host-by-sms
command_line /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios *****\n\nNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$\nHost: $HOSTNAME$\nState: $HOSTSTATE$\nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$\nInfo: $HOSTOUTPUT$\n\nDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$\n" |/usr/local/sendEmail/sendEmail -s "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Host Alert: $HOSTNAME$ is $HOSTSTATE$ **" $CONTACTEMAIL$
}
# 'notify-service-by-sms' command definition
define command {
command_name notify-service-bysms
command_line /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios *****\n\nNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$\n\nService:
$SERVICEDESC$\nHost: $HOSTALIAS$\nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$\nState: $SERVICESTATE$\n\nDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$\n\nAdditional
Info:\n\n$SERVICEOUTPUT$" | /usr/local/sendEmail/sendEmail -s "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Service Alert: $HOSTALIAS$/
$SERVICEDESC$ is $SERVICESTATE$ **" $CONTACTEMAIL$
}
9.配置services.cfg
#cat services.cfg
###nagios-server:services.cfg###
define service {
host_name nagios-server #主機名一定要與hosts.cfg檔案中的定義保持一致
service_description check-host-alive
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check-host-alive #命令為objects/commands.cfg中已經定義的
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_tcp 80
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_tcp!80 #感嘆號後面為引數
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_local_disk
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
#check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/
check_command check_nrpe!check_disk
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_load
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_load
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_total_procs
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_users
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_users
}
此處定義監控6個服務，如果要監控其他主機的服務，也要在這裡定義，下面會提到。
10.此時配置完成了一大步，以後再配置也是在這個基礎上，會很容易了。
下面就要啟動nrpe,重啟nagios來檢測配置是否成功！
#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
Checking for circular paths between hosts...
Checking for circular host and service dependencies...
Checking global event handlers...
Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...
Checking misc settings...
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0
出現此處，表明，配置檔案沒有錯誤，可以啟動nagios
#service nagios restart 啟動成功
# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
# tail -f /var/log/messages
Jul 22 16:25:16 localhost nrpe[14911]: Starting up daemon
Jul 22 16:25:16 localhost nrpe[14911]: Listening for connections on port 5666
Jul 22 16:25:16 localhost nrpe[14911]: Allowing connections from: 127.0.0.1,192.168.0.13
日誌資訊出現如上，表明啟動成功，測試一下
# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.0.13
NRPE v2.12 會顯示nrpe版本號
# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.0.13 -c check_disk
DISK OK - free space: / 242377 MB (87% inode=99%);| /=34099MB;233219;262371;0;291524
能出現這些資訊表明成功！
三.安裝配置被監控端 192.168.0.61 192.168.0.62 。。。
1.建立使用者nagios (在多臺主機上作同樣的配置，如果要監控其他服務，可以再作處理)
# useradd nagios
2.安裝nagios-plugins
# tar zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.13.tar.gz
# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.13
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios/
# make
# make install
# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios
2.安裝nrpe，版本與監控端保持一致
# tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
# cd nrpe-2.12
# ./configure
# make all
# make install-plugin
# make install-daemon
# make install-daemon-config
# ll /usr/local/nagios/
total 16
drwxrwxr-x 2 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 21 11:30 bin
drwxrwxr-x 2 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 22 13:40 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 nagios nagios 4096 Jul 21 11:20 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 21 11:19 share
3.修改配置檔案nrpe.cfg
此檔案可以從監控端伺服器上覆制到這裡來，因為伺服器端都是配置好的檔案，我設定的完全一樣。
# scp 192.168.0.13:/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
#cat /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg | grep allowed_hosts
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.0.13 #此處為監控端伺服器IP地址
4.啟動客戶端nrpe
# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
# tail -f /var/log/messages
Jul 22 16:41:16 localhost nrpe[14911]: Starting up daemon
Jul 22 16:41:16 localhost nrpe[14911]: Listening for connections on port 5666
Jul 22 16:41:16 localhost nrpe[14911]: Allowing connections from: 127.0.0.1,192.168.0.13
日誌資訊出現如上，表明啟動成功，測試一下
去監控端上測試：
# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.0.61 一定是在監控端上測試的，而不是在剛安裝好的客戶端上，自己以前在這裡犯
過錯！！總是報ssl問題。
NRPE v2.12 會顯示nrpe版本號
# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.0.61 -c check_load
OK - load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00|load1=0.000;15.000;30.000;0; load5=0.000;10.000;25.000;0; load15=0.000;5.000;20.000;0;
再次成功！
四.去客戶端配置hosts.cfg hostgroups.cfg services.cfg來完成對伺服器群的監控
在192.168.0.13上
1.配置hosts.cfg
# cat hosts.cfg 增加機器
define host {
host_name nagios-server
alias nagios server
address 192.168.0.13
contact_groups sagroup
check_command check-host-alive
max_check_attempts 5
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options d,u,r
}
define host {
host_name mysql-server-61
alias mysql server 61
address 192.168.0.61
contact_groups sagroup
check_command check-host-alive
max_check_attempts 5
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options d,u,r
}
define host {
host_name mysql-server-62
alias mysql server 62
address 192.168.0.62
contact_groups sagroup
check_command check-host-alive
max_check_attempts 5
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options d,u,r
}
2.配置hostgroups.cfg
# cat hostgroups.cfg
define hostgroup {
hostgroup_name sa-servers
alias sa servers
members nagios-server,mysql-server-61,mysql-server-62 #上面提到過這裡，把主機成員增加到這裡
}
3.配置 services.cfg
[root@localhost etc]# cat services.cfg
##### nagios-server:services.cfg ######
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check-host-alive
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check-host-alive
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_tcp 80
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_tcp!80
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_local_disk
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
#check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/
check_command check_nrpe!check_disk
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_load
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_load
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_total_procs
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs
}
define service {
host_name nagios-server
service_description check_users
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_users
}
#### mysql-server-61:services.cfg ######
define service {
host_name mysql-server-61
service_description check_total_procs
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs
}
define service {
host_name mysql-server-61
service_description check_users
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_users
}
define service {
host_name mysql-server-61
service_description check_disk_/dev/sda3
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_disk
}
define service {
host_name mysql-server-61
service_description check_load
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_load
}
define service {
host_name mysql-server-61
service_description check_swap
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_swap
}
#### mysql-server-62:services.cfg #####
define service {
host_name mysql-server-62
service_description check-host-alive
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check-host-alive
}
define service {
host_name mysql-server-62
service_description check_users
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_users
}
define service {
host_name mysql-server-62
service_description check_disk_/dev/sda3
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 4
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 2
contact_groups sagroup
notification_interval 10
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
check_command check_nrpe!check_disk
}
4.完成配置，檢測配置。
#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
Checking for circular paths between hosts...
Checking for circular host and service dependencies...
Checking global event handlers...
Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...
Checking misc settings...
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0
出現此處，表明，配置檔案沒有錯誤，可以啟動nagios
#service nagios restart 啟動成功
5.進入web監控介面
大功告成！！
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/16978544/viewspace-698023/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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