efcore如何優雅的實現按年分庫按月分表

薛家明發表於2024-05-20

efcore如何優雅的實現按年分庫按月分表

介紹

本文ShardinfCore版本
本期主角:

ShardingCore 一款ef-core下高效能、輕量級針對分表分庫讀寫分離的解決方案，具有零依賴、零學習成本、零業務程式碼入侵適配

距離上次發文.net相關的已經有很久了,期間一直在從事java相關的工作,一不小心就捲了一個java的orm。easy-query 如果有.net相關小夥伴轉java可以關注一下也算是打一波小廣告。

這次發文主要是在期間有多名使用者諮詢分庫分表相關的事宜,因為我之前並沒有針對按年分庫按月分表的demo實現,所以本次我打算藉著這個機會對該框架進行一次講解

說明

很多小夥伴我發現不會寫GetRouteFilter這個方法不知道是什麼意思
那麼我們這邊做一個很簡單的案例


var tails = new List<string>();
tails.Add("202401");
tails.Add("202402");
tails.Add("202403");
tails.Add("202404");
DateTime shardingKey=new DateTime(2024,2,1);
var t = $"{shardingKey:yyyy.MM}";
Func<string, bool> filter = tail => tail.CompareTo(t) > 0;

var list = tails.Where(filter).ToList();


//如果上面的你會寫那麼下面的你會寫嗎，無非是上面全部是大於號而實際我們需要根據使用者判斷來確定應該返回什麼

    public override Func<string, bool> GetRouteToFilter(DateTime shardingKey, ShardingOperatorEnum shardingOperator)
    {
        var t = $"{shardingKey:yyyy.MM}";
        
        switch (shardingOperator)
        {
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.GreaterThan:
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.GreaterThanOrEqual:
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) >= 0;
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.LessThan:
            {
                var currentMonth = ShardingCoreHelper.GetCurrentMonthFirstDay(shardingKey);
                //處於臨界值 o=>o.time < [2021-01-01 00:00:00] 尾巴20210101不應該被返回
                if (currentMonth == shardingKey)
                    return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) < 0;
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) <= 0;
            }
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.LessThanOrEqual:
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) <= 0;
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.Equal: return tail => tail == t;
            default:
            {
                return tail => true;
            }
        }
    }

步驟1

安裝nuget

efcore架構

新建使用者訂單根據訂單的建立時間年份進行分庫月份進行分表

public class OrderItem
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 使用者Id
    /// </summary>
    public string Id { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 購買使用者
    /// </summary>
    public string User { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 付款金額
    /// </summary>
    public decimal PayAmount { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 建立時間
    /// </summary>
    public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }
}
//資料庫訪問上下文
public class TestDbContext:AbstractShardingDbContext,IShardingTableDbContext
{
    public DbSet<OrderItem> OrderItems { get; set; }
    public TestDbContext(DbContextOptions<TestDbContext> options) : base(options)
    {
    }

    public IRouteTail RouteTail { get; set; }
    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

        modelBuilder.Entity<OrderItem>()
            .HasKey(o => o.Id);
        modelBuilder.Entity<OrderItem>()
            .ToTable(nameof(OrderItem));
    }
}


//分庫路由
public class OrderItemDataSourceRoute:AbstractShardingOperatorVirtualDataSourceRoute<OrderItem,DateTime>
{
    private readonly ConcurrentBag<string> dataSources = new ConcurrentBag<string>();
    private readonly object _lock = new object();
    public override string ShardingKeyToDataSourceName(object shardingKey)
    {
        return $"{shardingKey:yyyy}";//年份作為分庫資料來源名稱
    }

    public override List<string> GetAllDataSourceNames()
    {
        return dataSources.ToList();
    }

    public override bool AddDataSourceName(string dataSourceName)
    {
        var acquire = Monitor.TryEnter(_lock, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
        if (!acquire)
        {
            return false;
        }
        try
        {
            var contains = dataSources.Contains(dataSourceName);
            if (!contains)
            {
                dataSources.Add(dataSourceName);
                return true;
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            Monitor.Exit(_lock);
        }

        return false;
    }

    public override void Configure(EntityMetadataDataSourceBuilder<OrderItem> builder)
    {
        builder.ShardingProperty(o => o.CreateTime);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// tail就是2020，2021，2022，2023 所以分片只需要格式化年就可以直接比較了
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="shardingKey"></param>
    /// <param name="shardingOperator"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override Func<string, bool> GetRouteToFilter(DateTime shardingKey, ShardingOperatorEnum shardingOperator)
    {
        var t = $"{shardingKey:yyyyy}";
        
        switch (shardingOperator)
        {
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.GreaterThan:
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.GreaterThanOrEqual:
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) >= 0;
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.LessThan:
            {
                var currentYear =new DateTime(shardingKey.Year,1,1);
                //處於臨界值 o=>o.time < [2021-01-01 00:00:00] 尾巴20210101不應該被返回
                if (currentYear == shardingKey)
                    return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) < 0;
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) <= 0;
            }
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.LessThanOrEqual:
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) <= 0;
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.Equal: return tail => tail == t;
            default:
            {
                return tail => true;
            }
        }
    }
}

//分表路由
public class OrderItemTableRoute:AbstractShardingOperatorVirtualTableRoute<OrderItem,DateTime>
{
    private readonly List<string> allTails = Enumerable.Range(1, 12).Select(o => o.ToString().PadLeft(2, '0')).ToList();
    public override string ShardingKeyToTail(object shardingKey)
    {
        var time = Convert.ToDateTime(shardingKey);
        return $"{time:MM}";//01,02.....11,12
    }

    public override List<string> GetTails()
    {
        return allTails;
    }

    public override void Configure(EntityMetadataTableBuilder<OrderItem> builder)
    {
        builder.ShardingProperty(o => o.CreateTime);
    }

//注意這邊必須將忽略資料來源改成false
//注意這邊必須將忽略資料來源改成false
//注意這邊必須將忽略資料來源改成false
    protected override bool RouteIgnoreDataSource => false;

//RouteIgnoreDataSource為false的時候那麼tail就不是01,02......11,12了而是2021.01，2021.02.....會在tail裡面帶上資料來源,就可以對齊進行篩選了
//如果你的資料來源帶了其他特殊標識請自行處理
    public override Func<string, bool> GetRouteToFilter(DateTime shardingKey, ShardingOperatorEnum shardingOperator)
    {
        var t = $"{shardingKey:yyyyy.MM}";
        
        switch (shardingOperator)
        {
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.GreaterThan:
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.GreaterThanOrEqual:
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) >= 0;
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.LessThan:
            {
                var currentMonth = ShardingCoreHelper.GetCurrentMonthFirstDay(shardingKey);
                //處於臨界值 o=>o.time < [2021-01-01 00:00:00] 尾巴20210101不應該被返回
                if (currentMonth == shardingKey)
                    return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) < 0;
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) <= 0;
            }
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.LessThanOrEqual:
                return tail => String.Compare(tail, t, StringComparison.Ordinal) <= 0;
            case ShardingOperatorEnum.Equal: return tail => tail == t;
            default:
            {
                return tail => true;
            }
        }
    }
}

startUp配置


ILoggerFactory efLogger = LoggerFactory.Create(builder =>
{
    builder.AddFilter((category, level) => category == DbLoggerCategory.Database.Command.Name && level == LogLevel.Debug).AddConsole();
});
builder.Services.AddShardingDbContext<TestDbContext>()
    .UseRouteConfig(o =>
    {
        o.AddShardingDataSourceRoute<OrderItemDataSourceRoute>();
        o.AddShardingTableRoute<OrderItemTableRoute>();
    })
    .UseConfig((sp, o) =>
    {
        o.ThrowIfQueryRouteNotMatch = false;

        // var redisConfig = sp.GetService<RedisConfig>();
        // o.AddDefaultDataSource(redisConfig.Default, redisConfig.DefaultConn);
        // //redisConfig.ExtraConfigs
        // o.AddExtraDataSource();
        
        o.AddDefaultDataSource("2024", "server=127.0.0.1;port=3306;database=sd2024;userid=root;password=root;");
        o.UseShardingQuery((conn, b) =>
        {
            b.UseMySql(conn, new MySqlServerVersion(new Version())).UseLoggerFactory(efLogger);
        });
        o.UseShardingTransaction((conn, b) =>
        {
            b.UseMySql(conn, new MySqlServerVersion(new Version())).UseLoggerFactory(efLogger);
        });
    }).AddShardingCore();

startUp初始化

//初始化額外表

var shardingRuntimeContext = app.Services.GetService<IShardingRuntimeContext<TestDbContext>>();
var dataSourceRouteManager = shardingRuntimeContext.GetDataSourceRouteManager();
var virtualDataSourceRoute = dataSourceRouteManager.GetRoute(typeof(OrderItem));
virtualDataSourceRoute.AddDataSourceName("2024");
virtualDataSourceRoute.AddDataSourceName("2023");
virtualDataSourceRoute.AddDataSourceName("2022");
DynamicShardingHelper.DynamicAppendDataSource(shardingRuntimeContext,"2023","server=127.0.0.1;port=3306;database=sd2023;userid=root;password=root;",false,false);
DynamicShardingHelper.DynamicAppendDataSource(shardingRuntimeContext,"2022","server=127.0.0.1;port=3306;database=sd2022;userid=root;password=root;",false,false);

using (var scope = app.Services.CreateScope())
{
    var testDbContext = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<TestDbContext>();
    testDbContext.Database.EnsureCreated();
}

app.Services.UseAutoTryCompensateTable();

編寫控制器


    public async Task<IActionResult> Init()
    {
        var orderItems = new List<OrderItem>();
        var dateTime = new DateTime(2022,1,1);
        var end = new DateTime(2025,1,1);
        int i = 0;
        while (dateTime < end)
        {
            orderItems.Add(new OrderItem()
            {
                Id = i.ToString(),
                User = "使用者"+i.ToString(),
                PayAmount=i,
                CreateTime = dateTime,
            });
            i++;
            dateTime = dateTime.AddDays(15);
        }

        await _testDbContext.OrderItems.AddRangeAsync(orderItems);
        await _testDbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
        return Ok("hello world");
    }

    public async Task<IActionResult> Query([FromQuery]int current)
    {
        var dateTime = new DateTime(2023,1,1);
        var shardingPagedResult = await _testDbContext.OrderItems
            .Where(o => o.CreateTime > dateTime)
            .OrderBy(o=>o.CreateTime)
            .ToShardingPageAsync(current, 20);
        return Ok(shardingPagedResult);
    }

初始化介面

查詢

透過斷點我們可以清晰地看到路由裡面的2022年資料已經被徹底排除僅有2023和2024年的資料

後續

透過觀察控制檯我們看到了它列印了非常多的sql因為這邊並沒有對排序進行一個最佳化具體可以觀看我的前幾期文章內容做一個CreateEntityQueryConfiguration

分庫路由和分表路由都需要進行編寫CreateEntityQueryConfiguration

最後的最後

附上demo:ShardingYearDataBaseMonthTable https://github.com/xuejmnet/ShardingYearDataBaseMonthTable

您都看到這邊了確定不點個star或者贊嗎,一款.Net不得不學的分庫分表解決方案,簡單理解為分庫分表技術在.net中的實現並且支援更多特性和更優秀的資料聚合,擁有原生效能的97%,並且無業務侵入性,支援未分片的所有efcore原生查詢

  • github地址 https://github.com/xuejmnet/sharding-core
  • gitee地址 https://gitee.com/dotnetchina/sharding-core

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