Oracle 11g Data Guard 使用 duplicate from active database 建立 standby database

用這種方式來搭建DG ，主庫的停機時間很少，只需要重啟一下，使引數生效。也可以用這種方法進行DB遷移。DG搭建好，然後把備庫啟用就可以了。這樣整個遷移中當機時間也比較短。

Oracle 10g下rman duplicate 建立standby 參考Blog：

用RMAN複製搭建物理 Data Gurad 環境

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/23/5756750.aspx

Oracle 11g的pyhsical standby 支援open read only 下的apply和Real-time query。因此就有了physical standby 穩定和logical standby 的報表查詢功能。

Oracle： 11.2.0.1

OS： redhat 5.5

Primary IP: 192.168.2.42

DB_NAME=orcl

Standby IP: 192.168.2.43

DB_NAME=orcl

一. Primary 端操作：

1. 設定歸檔模式

這個生產庫都是這種模式。

SQL> archive log list;

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> archive log list;

2. Primary 設定force logging

SQL> alter database force logging;

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_LOG

---------

YES

3. 配置Oracle Net

在Primary 庫和Standby 都要修改。也可以使用netca 和netmgr命令配置。

注意：修改完後記得重啟listener。

Listener.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

-- 配置靜態註冊

tnsname.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

4. 新增data guard 引數

建立pfile, 新增如下檔案：

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_unique_name='orcl_pd'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl_pd,orcl_st)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_pd'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_st reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_st'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.fal_server='orcl_st'

*.fal_client='orcl_pd'

注意：

在Oracle 11g的Data Guard中，standby_archive_dest引數已經被取消了。

Standby歸檔檔案的存放位置按如下規則來進行：

（1）當LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n設定了valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)，那麼在不定義standby_archive_dest引數時，Oracle就會選擇LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n引數作為歸檔目標。

（2）如果在第一步設定的同時，又獨立設定LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n引數為 valid_for=(standby_logfile,*) 屬性，那麼當compatible引數大於10.0的時候，會自動的選擇任意一個LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n的值。

（3）如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 沒有設定的話，預設位置是：

$ORACLE_HOME/dbs.

不過valid_for引數的預設值就是all_logfiles和all_roles. 所以只要設定了本地的歸檔位置，遠端的歸檔檔案也會放到這個目錄下面。

5. 用新pfile重啟主庫

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

File created.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes

Fixed Size 1336960 bytes

Variable Size 310380928 bytes

Database Buffers 104857600 bytes

Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

二. Standby 端設定：

1. 建立相關目錄結構

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave

--這裡我們建立的目錄和Target 庫不同，我們在引數檔案裡需要轉換一下。

2. 建立standby的口令檔案

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapwdave password=oracle

3. 建立standby的初始化引數：

*db_name=orcl

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl'

*.db_unique_name='orcl_st'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl_pd,orcl_st)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_st'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_pd reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_pd'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.fal_server='orcl_pd'

*.fal_client='orcl_st'

*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'

4. 用pfile 將standby 啟動到nomount狀態：

SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

5. 開始duplicate

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_st

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 16:10:25 2011

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;

Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy reuse

targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' auxiliary format

'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' ;

--用duplicate 建立standby 時會複製口令檔案

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=45 device type=DISK

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';

restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl' from

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';

restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl' from

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';

--建立控制檔案

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying standby control file

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T161152 RECID=4 STAMP=745258313

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

Starting restore at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy

Finished restore at 08-MAR-11

Starting restore at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy

Finished restore at 08-MAR-11

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

--將備庫啟動到mount standby

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for tempfile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf";

switch clone tempfile all;

set newname for datafile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf";

backup as copy reuse

datafile 1 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf" datafile

2 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf" datafile

3 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf" datafile

4 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf" ;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

--將datafile convert 到其他目錄

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

--開始copy datafile，如果資料檔案比較大，這個會比較慢

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

{

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf

Finished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

RMAN>

DG 複製到這一步已經操作完成了。但是還有一些細節需要處理。

兩點注意事項：

（1）如果使用的是非catalog，在rman 連線時，加上nocatalog關鍵字，如：

DG2:/home/oracle> rman targetsys/oracle@DG_PD auxiliarysys/oracle@DG_ST nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 -Production on Fri Oct 28 18:46:46 2011

connected to target database: DG(DBID=1679060044)

using target databasecontrol file instead of recovery catalog

connected to auxiliary database: DG (notmounted)

不然會報如下錯誤：

DBGSQL: TARGET> begin :fhdbi := dbms_rcvcat.getDbid; end;

DBGSQL: sqlcode = 6550

DBGSQL: B :fhdbi = 32767

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGESTACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571:===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db commandat 10/28/2011 17:53:04

RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of targetdatabase

RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored scriptMemory Script

ORA-06550: line 1, column 17:

PLS-00201: identifier'DBMS_RCVCAT.GETDBID' must be declared

ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:

PL/SQL: Statement ignored

（2）在執行duplicate的時候，如果源庫和目標庫目錄相同，那麼在duplicate 時，需要加上nofilenamecheck，如下：

RMAN> duplicate target database forstandby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;

我在上面的示例中，目錄結構不同，所以沒有用該引數，如果目錄相同，而又沒有加該引數，那麼就會報如下錯誤：

RMAN> duplicate target database forstandby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;

RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of targetdatabase

RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the targetdatabase

RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/undotbs01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database

RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/sysaux01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database

RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/system01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database

三. 後續工作

1. 主庫已經使用了spfile，但是備庫用的還是之前的pfile：

Primary:

SQL> show parameter pfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ------- ------------------------------

spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

Standby:

SQL> show parameter pfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string

pfile裡面都是我們設定的一些基本引數。但是備庫有冗餘的作用，所以這裡還是建議用主庫的pfile copy過來，然後修改相關引數後，在建立spfile。這樣即使切換了，對DB的影響也不大。

2. 只要備庫的監聽不重啟，重啟備庫後，主庫還是能識別的。如果備庫的監聽重啟了。那麼主庫也就需要重啟。

3. 複製結束後的Standby 只啟動到mount standby 的狀態。並沒有啟動MRP的應用歸檔程式。所以這個時候查詢主備庫，歸檔是不同步的。需要手動的啟動MRP程式。

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

4. 備庫Standby redo log 問題：

在duplicate 結束後，備庫沒有新增standby redo log file。但是主庫採用的是：lgwr async傳送的日誌。當備庫的RFS 程式接收到日誌後，發現備庫沒有standby redo log的時候，備庫會自動用ARCH將其寫入歸檔檔案。

以下是備庫的alert log：

Tue Mar 08 16:53:32 2011

Archived Log entry 9 added for thread 1 sequence 21 rlc 745174404 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 2:

RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 22 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404

Tue Mar 08 16:53:36 2011

Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_21_745174404.dbf

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 22 (in transit) --傳輸中

Tue Mar 08 16:58:58 2011

Archived Log entry 10 added for thread 1 sequence 22 rlc 745174404 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 2:

RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 23 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404

Tue Mar 08 16:59:00 2011

Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_22_745174404.dbf

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 23 (in transit)

-- 注意這裡歸檔檔案目錄，使用的是$ORACLE_HOME/dbs, 自動轉換為ARCH時，也是使用預設的歸檔目錄。

5. 在備庫新增standby redo log：

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01156: recovery or flashback in progress may need access to files

--在備庫新增standby redo log需要先停MRP

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo02.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo03.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo04.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

在看一下日誌：

Tue Mar 08 17:47:39 2011

Archived Log entry 15 added for thread 1 sequence 27 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 1:

RFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 28 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404

Tue Mar 08 17:47:43 2011

Archived Log entry 16 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 1:

Media Recovery Log /u01/archivelog/1_27_745174404.dbf

RFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 29 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404

Media Recovery Log /u01/archivelog/1_28_745174404.dbf

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 29 (in transit)

--我們新增standby redo log 之後，歸檔檔案變成了我們指定的Log_archive_dest_n 指定的引數。

6. 在主庫也新增一下standby redo log

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo02.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo03.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo04.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

7. 啟用real-time apply，從而實現real-time query：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

Database altered.

8. 驗證real-time apply 和real-time query：

Primary：

SQL> create table dave(id number,name varchar2(20));

Table created.

SQL> insert into dave values(1,'tianlesoftware');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

Standby：

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

--------------------

READ ONLY WITH APPLY

SQL> select * from dave;

ID NAME

---------- ---------------

1 tianlesoftware

小結：

11gR2 的物理Data Guard 功能很強大.

Oracle 11g Data Guard 使用 duplicate from active database 建立 standby database

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