【configure】如何用automake、autoconf指令生成configure並建立自己的linux tar.gz安裝包【初級篇：簡單建立-測試】
目錄
流程
一.安裝包tar.gz的生成
準備原始檔
首先準備好原始檔（夾），如下（一下檔案可見https://blog.csdn.net/Rong_Toa/article/details/82716420）：
$ tree 2048-c/
2048-c/
├── 2048.c
├── 2048.h
└── main.c
0 directories, 3 files
autoscan
生成configure.scan
然後進入資料夾，執行autoscan生成configure.scan檔案
$ cd 2048-c/
$ ls
2048.c* 2048.h* main.c*
$ autoscan
Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/\${ <-- HERE [^\}]*}/ at /usr/bin/autoscan-2.69 line 361.
$ ls
2048.c* 2048.h* autoscan-2.69.log configure.scan main.c*
將configure.scan檔案更名為configure.ac，並進行編輯：
$ mv configure.scan configure.ac
$ vim configure.ac
修改第5行，新增第6行，第9行選填，並儲存：
1 # -*- Autoconf -*-
2 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
3
4 AC_PREREQ([2.69])
5 AC_INIT(2048, 1.0, rongtoa@163.com)
6 AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(2048, 1.0)
7 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([2048.c])
8 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
9 AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
10 # Checks for programs.
11 AC_PROG_CC
12
13 # Checks for libraries.
14
15 # Checks for header files.
16 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stdlib.h string.h termios.h unistd.h])
17
18 # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
19
20 # Checks for library functions.
21
22 AC_OUTPUT
~
:wq
aclocal
執行aclocal命令：
$ ls
2048.c* 2048.h* autoscan-2.69.log configure.ac main.c*
$ aclocal
$ ls
2048.c* aclocal.m4 autoscan-2.69.log main.c*
2048.h* autom4te.cache/ configure.ac
autoconf
執行autoconf指令：
$ autoconf
$ ls
2048.c* aclocal.m4 autoscan-2.69.log configure.ac
2048.h* autom4te.cache/ configure* main.c*
autoheader
執行autoheader命令：
$ autoheader
$ ls
2048.c* aclocal.m4 autoscan-2.69.log configure* main.c*
2048.h* autom4te.cache/ config.h.in configure.ac
Makefile.am
接下來建立檔案Makefile.am
內容如下（忽略行號）：
$ vim Makefile.am
1 AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign
2 bin_PROGRAMS=2048
3 2048_SOURCES=2048.c 2048.h main.c
~
~
~
:wq
automake
然後automake
$ automake --add-missing
configure.ac:6: warning: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: two- and three-arguments forms are deprecated. For more info, see:
configure.ac:6: http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Modernize-AM_005fINIT_005fAUTOMAKE-invocation
$ ls
2048.c* autom4te.cache/ config.log install-sh@ Makefile.in
2048.exe* autoscan-2.69.log config.status* main.c* missing@
2048.h* compile@ configure* main.o stamp-h1
2048.o config.h configure.ac Makefile
aclocal.m4 config.h.in depcomp@ Makefile.am
./configure
接下來進行./configure操作生成Makefile檔案，具體命令列此處不作講解：
$ ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
...
$
然後make編譯、make distclean刪除安裝包的無關項，make dist生成安裝的壓縮包tar.gz：
make dist \ make distclean
$ make dist
make dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c”
if test -d "2048-1.0"; then find "2048-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "2048-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "2048-1.0"; }; else :; fi
test -d "2048-1.0" || mkdir "2048-1.0"
test -n "" \
|| find "2048-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/rongtao/2048-c/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r "2048-1.0"
tardir=2048-1.0 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | eval GZIP= gzip --best -c >2048-1.0.tar.gz
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c”
if test -d "2048-1.0"; then find "2048-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "2048-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "2048-1.0"; }; else :; fi
$ make distclean
test -z "2048.exe" || rm -f 2048.exe
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.tab.c
test -z "" || rm -f
test . = "." || test -z "" || rm -f
rm -f config.h stamp-h1
rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags
rm -f cscope.out cscope.in.out cscope.po.out cscope.files
rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno
rm -rf ./.deps
rm -f Makefile
生成tar.gz安裝包
生成了一個：
$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 rongtao None 82991 10月 20 09:03 2048-1.0.tar.gz
二.安裝測試
對生成的tar.gz進行安裝
將2018-1.0.tar.gz拷貝至“下載”目錄，假裝他是下載得到的：
$ pwd
/home/rongtao/下載
$ ls
2048-1.0.tar.gz
解壓tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf 2048-1.0.tar.gz
2048-1.0/
2048-1.0/2048.c
2048-1.0/2048.h
2048-1.0/aclocal.m4
2048-1.0/compile
2048-1.0/config.h.in
2048-1.0/configure
2048-1.0/configure.ac
2048-1.0/depcomp
2048-1.0/install-sh
2048-1.0/main.c
2048-1.0/Makefile.am
2048-1.0/Makefile.in
2048-1.0/missing
$ ls
2048-1.0/ 2048-1.0.tar.gz
./configure
進入資料夾進行configure
$ cd 2048-1.0
$ ls
2048.c* compile* configure.ac main.c* missing*
2048.h* config.h.in depcomp* Makefile.am
aclocal.m4 configure* install-sh* Makefile.in
$ ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
...
$
make
進行編譯make：
$ make
make all-am
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/下載/2048-1.0”
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/main.Tpo -c -o main.o main.c
mv -f .deps/main.Tpo .deps/main.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT 2048.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/2048.Tpo -c -o 2048.o 2048.c
mv -f .deps/2048.Tpo .deps/2048.Po
gcc -g -O2 -o 2048.exe main.o 2048.o
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/下載/2048-1.0”
make install
進行安裝make install
$ make install
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/下載/2048-1.0”
/usr/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/bin'
/usr/bin/install -c 2048.exe '/usr/local/bin'
make[1]: 對“install-data-am”無需做任何事。
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/下載/2048-1.0”
執行
檢查是否安裝，在終端輸入20，然後按Tab直接跳出可執行檔案，是不是很nice：
$ 2048.exe
三.整體過程回顧
$ cd 2048-c/
$ ls
2048.c* 2048.h* main.c*
$ ls
2048.c* 2048.h* main.c*
$ autoscan
輸出略...
$ ls
2048.c* 2048.h* autoscan-2.69.log configure.scan main.c*
$ mv configure.scan configure.ac
$ ls
2048.c* 2048.h* autoscan-2.69.log configure.ac main.c*
$ vim configure.ac
configure.ac 內容如下：
1 # -*- Autoconf -*-
2 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
3
4 AC_PREREQ([2.69])
5 AC_INIT(2048, 1.0.0, rongtoa@163.com)
6 AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(2048, 1.0.0)
7 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([2048.c])
8 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
9 AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
10
11 # Checks for programs.
12 AC_PROG_CC
13
14 # Checks for libraries.
15
16 # Checks for header files.
17 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stdlib.h string.h termios.h unistd.h])
18
19 # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
20
21 # Checks for library functions.
22
23 AC_OUTPUT
:wq
$ vim Makefile.am
Makefile.am 內容如下：
1 AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign
2 bin_PROGRAMS=2048
3 2048_SOURCES=main.c 2048.c 2048.h
~
~
:wq
$ aclocal
$ autoconf
$ autoheader
$ automake --add-missing
configure.ac:6: warning: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: two- and three-arguments forms are deprecated. For more info, see:
configure.ac:6: http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Modernize-AM_005fINIT_005fAUTOMAKE-invocation
configure.ac:12: installing './compile'
configure.ac:6: installing './install-sh'
configure.ac:6: installing './missing'
Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'
$ ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
略去部分中間輸出...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
$ make
make all-am
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c”
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/main.Tpo -c -o main.o main.c
mv -f .deps/main.Tpo .deps/main.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT 2048.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/2048.Tpo -c -o 2048.o 2048.c
mv -f .deps/2048.Tpo .deps/2048.Po
gcc -g -O2 -o 2048.exe main.o 2048.o
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c”
$ make dist
make dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c”
if test -d "2048-1.0.0"; then find "2048-1.0.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "2048-1.0.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "2048-1.0.0"; }; else :; fi
test -d "2048-1.0.0" || mkdir "2048-1.0.0"
test -n "" \
|| find "2048-1.0.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/rongtao/2048-c/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r "2048-1.0.0"
tardir=2048-1.0.0 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | eval GZIP= gzip --best -c >2048-1.0.0.tar.gz
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c”
if test -d "2048-1.0.0"; then find "2048-1.0.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "2048-1.0.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "2048-1.0.0"; }; else :; fi
$ make clean
test -z "2048.exe" || rm -f 2048.exe
rm -f *.o
$ make distclean
test -z "2048.exe" || rm -f 2048.exe
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.tab.c
test -z "" || rm -f
test . = "." || test -z "" || rm -f
rm -f config.h stamp-h1
rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags
rm -f cscope.out cscope.in.out cscope.po.out cscope.files
rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno
rm -rf ./.deps
rm -f Makefile
$ ls
2048.c* autom4te.cache/ configure* main.c*
2048.h* autoscan-2.69.log configure.ac Makefile.am
2048-1.0.0.tar.gz compile@ depcomp@ Makefile.in
aclocal.m4 config.h.in install-sh@ missing@
$ tar -xzvf 2048-1.0.0.tar.gz
2048-1.0.0/
2048-1.0.0/2048.c
2048-1.0.0/2048.h
2048-1.0.0/aclocal.m4
2048-1.0.0/compile
2048-1.0.0/config.h.in
2048-1.0.0/configure
2048-1.0.0/configure.ac
2048-1.0.0/depcomp
2048-1.0.0/install-sh
2048-1.0.0/main.c
2048-1.0.0/Makefile.am
2048-1.0.0/Makefile.in
2048-1.0.0/missing
$ cd 2048-1.0.0
$ ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
省略中間輸出...
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
$ make
make all-am
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c/2048-1.0.0”
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/main.Tpo -c -o main.o main.c
mv -f .deps/main.Tpo .deps/main.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT 2048.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/2048.Tpo -c -o 2048.o 2048.c
mv -f .deps/2048.Tpo .deps/2048.Po
gcc -g -O2 -o 2048.exe main.o 2048.o
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c/2048-1.0.0”
$ make install
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c/2048-1.0.0”
/usr/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/bin'
/usr/bin/install -c 2048.exe '/usr/local/bin'
make[1]: 對“install-data-am”無需做任何事。
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c/2048-1.0.0”
四.後續
到此結束，以後會繼續更新對一個專案的configure操作，敬請期待，我也很期待。。。
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